@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(2):93-99
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(2):93-99
Prediction of Emotional Empathy in the Wives of Veterans by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Resilience
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Moghanloo M (*1)Hosseini S.M (2)
(*1) Psychology Departman, Humanistic Sciences Faculty, Robat Karim-Parand Center, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Psychology Departman, Humanistic Sciences Faculty, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: June 10, 2018Accepted: November 26, 2018
ePublished: May 15, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
After the end of the war and the return of the warriors to the family, due to the stresses of the war and its devastating effect on the people's spirits, the adverse effects of war on the family, especially their wives, continue. The aim of this study was the prediction of emotional empathy by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience in the wives of veterans.
Instrument & Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 306 veterans’ spouses, who were referred to counseling center of the foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs in Robat Karim in 2016, were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instrument included Lodis's emotional empathy questionnaire, Garnefski’s cognitive emotion regulation, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test.
Findings There was a positive and significant correlation between positive cognitive emotion regulation (r=0.73) and resiliency (r=0.99) with emotional empathy (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between negative cognitive emotion regulation and emotional empathy (p=0.418). Among predictor variables, only resilience and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were able to positively and significantly predict emotional empathy in veterans’ spouses (p<0.05).
Conclusion Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience can positively predict emotional empathy in veterans’ spouses.
Instrument & Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 306 veterans’ spouses, who were referred to counseling center of the foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs in Robat Karim in 2016, were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instrument included Lodis's emotional empathy questionnaire, Garnefski’s cognitive emotion regulation, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test.
Findings There was a positive and significant correlation between positive cognitive emotion regulation (r=0.73) and resiliency (r=0.99) with emotional empathy (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between negative cognitive emotion regulation and emotional empathy (p=0.418). Among predictor variables, only resilience and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were able to positively and significantly predict emotional empathy in veterans’ spouses (p<0.05).
Conclusion Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience can positively predict emotional empathy in veterans’ spouses.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Ahmadi Nodeh Kh, Reshadatjoo M, Karami Gh, Anisi J. Vicarious PTSD in Sardasht chemical warfare victims' wives. J Behav Sci. 2009;3(3):195-9. [Persian]
[3]Fischer EP, Sherman MD, Mcsweeney JC, Pyne JM, Owen RR, Dixon LB. Perspective of family and veterans on family programs to support reintegration of returning veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol serv. 2015;12(3):187-98.
[4]Sisk, D. Engaging the spiritual intelligence of gifted students to build global awareness in the classroom. Roeper Rev. 2008;30:24-30.
[5]Naderi L, Molavi H, Noori A. The prediction of marital satisfaction of couples in Isfahan based on empathy and forgiveness. Q J Sci Res Appl Psychol. 2016;16(4):69-75. [Persian]
[6]Rieffe C, Ketelear L, Wiefferink CH. Assessing empathy in young children: Construction and validation of an empathy questionnaire (EmQue). Pers Individ Differ. 2010;49(5):362-7.
[7]Jolliffe D, Farrington DP. Developmental and validation of the basic empathy scale. J Adolesc. 2006;29(4):589-611.
[8]Sousa, AD, McDonald S, Rushby J, Li S, Dimoska A, James C. Understanding deficits in empathy after traumatic brain injury: The role of affective responsivity. Cortex. 2011;47(5):526-35.
[9]Ali F, Amorim IS, Chamorro-Premuzic T. Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Pers Individ Differ. 2009;47(7):758-62.
[10]Hunter JA, Figueredo AJ, Becker JV, Malamuth N. Non-sexual delinquency in juvenile sexual offenders: the mediating and moderating influences of emotional empathy. J Fam Violence. 2007;22(1):43-54.
[11]Parker JD, Taylor RN, Eastabrook JM, Schell SL, Wood LM. Problem gambling ng in adolescence: Relationships with Internet misuse, gaming abuse and emotional intelligence. Pers Individ Differ. 2008;45(2):174-80.
[12]Alden LE, Taylor CT. Interpersonal processes in social phobia. Clin Psychol Rev.2004;24(7):857-82.
[13]Bakhshipoor Roodsari A, Dozhkam M. Confirmatory factor analysis of negative and positive affect scales. J Psychol. 2006;9(4):351-65. [Persian].
[14]Miranda MIV, Gonzalez JG, Mullor MR, Carreno TP. New Family Models and Their Influence on the Affective Development of Their Children. Int J Sex Health. 2018;30(1):132-9.
[15]Cordova JV, Gee CB, Warren, LZ. Emotional skillfulness in marriage: intimacy as a mediator of the relationship between emotional skillfulness and marital satisfaction. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2005;24(2):218-35.
[16]Rajaei A, Nayyeri M, Sedaghati S. Attachment styles and marital satisfaction. J Dev Psychol. 2007;3(12):347-53. [Persian].
[17]Coutinho J, Ribeiro E, Ferreirinha R, Dias P. The Portuguese version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and its relationship with psychopathological symptoms. Rev Psiq Clín. 2010;37(4):145-51.
[18]Ochsner KN, Gross JJ. Cognitive emotion regulation: insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2008;17(2):153-8.
[19]Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004;26(1):41-54.
[20]Lopes PN, Brackett MA, Nezlek J, Schultz A, Sellin I, Salovey P. Emotional intelligence and social interaction. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004;30(8):1018-34.
[21]Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology. 2002;39(3):281-91.
[22]Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakooyi K, Kazam M, Majdzadeh SR. Standardization of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of WHO. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2007;4 (4):1-12. [Persian].
[23]Abolghasemi A. The relationship of resilience, self-efficacy and stress with life satisfaction in the students with high and low educational achievement. Q J Psychol Stud. 2011;7(3):131-52. [Persian].
[24]Windle G, Bennett KM, Noyes J. A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9(8).
[25]Reches R, Sondaitė J. Theoretical analysis of internal factors of resilience to psychological trauma. Soc Work Res J. 2014;13(2):267-79.
[26]Besharat MA, Khodabakhsh MR, Farahani H, Rezazadeh SMR. Mediation role of narcissism on the relationship between empathy and quality of interpersonal relationships. J Appl Psychol. 2011;5(1):7-23. [Persian].
[27]Khodabakhsh MR, Mansouri P. Relationship of forgiveness and empathy among medical and nursing students. Horizon Med Sci. 2012;18(2):45-54. [Persian]
[28]Samani S, Sadeghi L. Psychometric properties of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. J Psychol Models Methods. 2010;1(1):51-62. [Persian].
[29]Mohammadi M, Jazayeri A, Rafiei AH, Jokar B, Pourshahbaz A. Investigating the resiliency factors in persons at risk of substance abuse. J Mod Psychol Res. 2006;1(2 and 3):193-214. [Persian]