@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):247-251
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):247-251
Effect of Doll Injection Display on Pain Intensity due to Intramuscular Injection in Preschool Children
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Irani H. (1)Eshghizadeh M. (1)
Zivari M. (*)
(*) Nursing Department, Nursing & Midwifery School, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(1) Nursing Department, Nursing & Midwifery School, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Nursing & Midwifery School, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeyni Street, Gonabad, IranPhone: +985157727310
Fax: +985157727315
mostafazivari@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: October 26, 2015Accepted: June 8, 2016
ePublished: June 30, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Pains caused by the invasive actions such as intramuscular injection lead to the physical and mental tensions in the children. Therefore, such pains should be given relief. One of the main priorities in the nursing is to notice methods that reduce pains due to the invasive actions in the children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of injection displayed on a doll on the pain intensity due to the intramuscular injection in the preschool children.
Materials & Methods In the randomized controlled clinical trial, 62 kids aged between 4 and 6 years with pharyngitis were studied in the clinic of the health network of Khalil-abad Township in 2015. The intramuscular injection of penicillin 6.3.3 was administrated for the kids. The subjects, selected by simple lottery, were divided into two groups including experimental and control groups (n=31 per group). Data was collected using a demographic characteristic collecting form and Oucher standard pain assessment tool. In experimental group, the kid watching, one intramuscular injection was displayed on a doll by a nurse; then, the kid underwent an intramuscular injection. In control group, the routine injection method was done. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using Mann-Whitney, independent T, and Chi-square tests.
Findings Mean pain intensity after injection in experimental group (3.22±0.90) was significantly lower than control group (4.19±0.83; p<0.001).
Conclusion The injection displayed on a doll before the intramuscular injection might lead to pain reduction in the preschool kids.
Materials & Methods In the randomized controlled clinical trial, 62 kids aged between 4 and 6 years with pharyngitis were studied in the clinic of the health network of Khalil-abad Township in 2015. The intramuscular injection of penicillin 6.3.3 was administrated for the kids. The subjects, selected by simple lottery, were divided into two groups including experimental and control groups (n=31 per group). Data was collected using a demographic characteristic collecting form and Oucher standard pain assessment tool. In experimental group, the kid watching, one intramuscular injection was displayed on a doll by a nurse; then, the kid underwent an intramuscular injection. In control group, the routine injection method was done. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using Mann-Whitney, independent T, and Chi-square tests.
Findings Mean pain intensity after injection in experimental group (3.22±0.90) was significantly lower than control group (4.19±0.83; p<0.001).
Conclusion The injection displayed on a doll before the intramuscular injection might lead to pain reduction in the preschool kids.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Marlow D. Pediatric nursing. Tehran: Boshra Pub; 2009. p. 25. [Persian]
[2]Harkreader HR. Fundamentals of nursing. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders Co; 2008. p. 104.
[3]Alavi A, Zargham A, Abd Yazdan Z, Namnabati M. Comparison of distraction effects and cream (EMLA) on pain intensity catheter insertion in children 5-12 thalassemia. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2005;7(3):9-15. [Persian]
[4]Vosoghi N, Chehrzad M, Abotalebi Gh, Atrkar Roshan Z. Effects of distraction on physiologic indices and pain Intensity in children aged 3-6 undergoing IV injection. Hayat. 2010;16(3&4):39-47. [Persian]
[5]McCarthy AM, Kleiber C. A conceptual model of factors influencing children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches. J Pediatr Nurs. 2006;21(2):88-98.
[6]Alavi A, Namnabati M, Abdeyzadeh Z, Parvin N, Akbari N, Samipoor V, et al. Pediatric pain management by nurses in educational hospitals of Shahrekord in 2006. J Shahrekord Univ Med Scie. 2008;10(2):66-71. [Persian]
[7]Hadadi Moghadam H, Kheirkhah M, Jamshidi Manesh M, Haghani H. The impact of Distraction Technique on Reducing the Infant's Pain due to Immunization Horizon Med Sci. 2011;16(4):20-7. [Persian]
[8]Dahlquist LM, Busby SM, Slifer KJ, Tucker CL, Eischen S, Hilley L, et al. Distraction for children of different ages who undergo repeated needle sticks. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2002;19(1):22-34.
[9]Hasanpour M, Tootoonchi M, Aein F, YadegafarG. The effect of two non-pharmacologic pain management methods for intramuscular injectionpain in children. Acute Pain. 2006;8(1):7-12.
[10]Taylor C, Lillis C, LeMone P, Lynn P. Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
[11]Asgharinekah SM. Evaluation of potential use in the treatment and rehabilitation of hand dolls autistic children. Tehran: The Secend National Congress of Art Therapy in Iran; 2009. p. 77.
[12]Reyhani T, Dehghan Z, Shojaeian R, Asgharinekah SM, Behnam Vashani H. The influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety among hospitalized children with appendicitis in Dr Shaikh hospital of Mashhad. J Evid Based Care. 2014;4 (3):77-86. [Persian]
[13]Chiang LC, Chen HJ, Huang L. Student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of children's pain management: Evaluation of an education program in Taiwan. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;32(1):82-9.
[14]Valizade F. Comparison two different methods of distraction, using music and breathing techniques Hey- Ho on pain due to catheter insertion in 12-6 years old children [Dissertation]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; 2000. [Persian]
[15]Tanabe P, Ferket K, Thomas R, Paice J, Marcantonio R. The effect of standard care, ibuprofen, and distraction on pain relief and patient satisfaction in children with musculoskeletal trauma. J Emerg Nurs. 2002;28(2):118-25.
[16]Beyer JE, Turner SB, Jones L, Young L, Onikul R, Bohaty B. The alternate forms reliability of the oucher pain scale. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005;6(1):10-7.
[17]Mehdipor Raberi R, Neematollahi M, Esmaielzadeh Novqaby P. Effect of distraction techniques on pain intensity catheter insertion in children with strabismus. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2010;18(1):18-28. [Persian]
[18]MacLaren JE, Cohen LL. A comparison of distraction strategies for venipuncture distress in children. J Pediatr Psychol. 2005;30(5):387-96.
[19]Sparkes L. Taking the "ouch" out of injections for children: Using distraction to decrease pain. Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2001;26(2):72-8.
[20]DeMore M, Cohen LL. Distraction for pediatric immunization pain: A critical review. J Clin Psychol Med Setting. 2005;12(4):281-91.
[21]Tavasoli HS. Comparison of effect of orientation programs play fast, think on pain and anxiety, injection proceduresand parental satisfaction in children before school age thalassemia Gilan [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University of Medical Sciences; 2008. [Persian]
[2]Harkreader HR. Fundamentals of nursing. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders Co; 2008. p. 104.
[3]Alavi A, Zargham A, Abd Yazdan Z, Namnabati M. Comparison of distraction effects and cream (EMLA) on pain intensity catheter insertion in children 5-12 thalassemia. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2005;7(3):9-15. [Persian]
[4]Vosoghi N, Chehrzad M, Abotalebi Gh, Atrkar Roshan Z. Effects of distraction on physiologic indices and pain Intensity in children aged 3-6 undergoing IV injection. Hayat. 2010;16(3&4):39-47. [Persian]
[5]McCarthy AM, Kleiber C. A conceptual model of factors influencing children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches. J Pediatr Nurs. 2006;21(2):88-98.
[6]Alavi A, Namnabati M, Abdeyzadeh Z, Parvin N, Akbari N, Samipoor V, et al. Pediatric pain management by nurses in educational hospitals of Shahrekord in 2006. J Shahrekord Univ Med Scie. 2008;10(2):66-71. [Persian]
[7]Hadadi Moghadam H, Kheirkhah M, Jamshidi Manesh M, Haghani H. The impact of Distraction Technique on Reducing the Infant's Pain due to Immunization Horizon Med Sci. 2011;16(4):20-7. [Persian]
[8]Dahlquist LM, Busby SM, Slifer KJ, Tucker CL, Eischen S, Hilley L, et al. Distraction for children of different ages who undergo repeated needle sticks. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2002;19(1):22-34.
[9]Hasanpour M, Tootoonchi M, Aein F, YadegafarG. The effect of two non-pharmacologic pain management methods for intramuscular injectionpain in children. Acute Pain. 2006;8(1):7-12.
[10]Taylor C, Lillis C, LeMone P, Lynn P. Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
[11]Asgharinekah SM. Evaluation of potential use in the treatment and rehabilitation of hand dolls autistic children. Tehran: The Secend National Congress of Art Therapy in Iran; 2009. p. 77.
[12]Reyhani T, Dehghan Z, Shojaeian R, Asgharinekah SM, Behnam Vashani H. The influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety among hospitalized children with appendicitis in Dr Shaikh hospital of Mashhad. J Evid Based Care. 2014;4 (3):77-86. [Persian]
[13]Chiang LC, Chen HJ, Huang L. Student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of children's pain management: Evaluation of an education program in Taiwan. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;32(1):82-9.
[14]Valizade F. Comparison two different methods of distraction, using music and breathing techniques Hey- Ho on pain due to catheter insertion in 12-6 years old children [Dissertation]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; 2000. [Persian]
[15]Tanabe P, Ferket K, Thomas R, Paice J, Marcantonio R. The effect of standard care, ibuprofen, and distraction on pain relief and patient satisfaction in children with musculoskeletal trauma. J Emerg Nurs. 2002;28(2):118-25.
[16]Beyer JE, Turner SB, Jones L, Young L, Onikul R, Bohaty B. The alternate forms reliability of the oucher pain scale. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005;6(1):10-7.
[17]Mehdipor Raberi R, Neematollahi M, Esmaielzadeh Novqaby P. Effect of distraction techniques on pain intensity catheter insertion in children with strabismus. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2010;18(1):18-28. [Persian]
[18]MacLaren JE, Cohen LL. A comparison of distraction strategies for venipuncture distress in children. J Pediatr Psychol. 2005;30(5):387-96.
[19]Sparkes L. Taking the "ouch" out of injections for children: Using distraction to decrease pain. Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2001;26(2):72-8.
[20]DeMore M, Cohen LL. Distraction for pediatric immunization pain: A critical review. J Clin Psychol Med Setting. 2005;12(4):281-91.
[21]Tavasoli HS. Comparison of effect of orientation programs play fast, think on pain and anxiety, injection proceduresand parental satisfaction in children before school age thalassemia Gilan [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University of Medical Sciences; 2008. [Persian]