@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2015;1(4):22-31
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2015;1(4):22-31
Comparing Reasons for Quitting Substance Abuse with the Constructs of Behav-ioral Models: A Qualitative Study
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Tavekoli Ghouchani H. (1)Niknami Sh. (1*)
Aminshokravi F. (1)
Hojat S.K. (2)
(1) Department of Health Education, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: February 27, 2015Accepted: May 29, 2015
ePublished: June 22, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
The world population has reached over seven billion people. Of these, 230 million individuals abuse substances. Therefore, substance abuse prevention and treatment programs have received increasing attention during the past two decades. Understanding people’s motivations for quitting drug abuse is essential to the success of treatment. This study hence sought to identify major motivations for quitting and to compare them with the constructs of health education models.
Materials & Methods In the present study, qualitative content analysis was used to determine the main motivations for quitting substance abuse. Overall, 22 patients, physicians, and psychotherapists were selected from several addiction treatment clinics in Bojnord (Iran) during 2014. Purposeful sampling method was applied and continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and field notes. All interviews were recorded and transcribed.
Findings Content analysis revealed 33 sub-categories and nine categories including economic problems, drug-related concerns, individual problems, family and social problems, family expectations, attention to social status, beliefs about drug addiction, and valuing the quitting behavior. Accordingly, four themes, i.e. perceived threat, perceived barriers, attitude toward the behavior, and subjective norms, were extracted.
Conclusion Reasons for quitting substance abuse match the constructs of different behavioral models (e.g. the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior).
Materials & Methods In the present study, qualitative content analysis was used to determine the main motivations for quitting substance abuse. Overall, 22 patients, physicians, and psychotherapists were selected from several addiction treatment clinics in Bojnord (Iran) during 2014. Purposeful sampling method was applied and continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and field notes. All interviews were recorded and transcribed.
Findings Content analysis revealed 33 sub-categories and nine categories including economic problems, drug-related concerns, individual problems, family and social problems, family expectations, attention to social status, beliefs about drug addiction, and valuing the quitting behavior. Accordingly, four themes, i.e. perceived threat, perceived barriers, attitude toward the behavior, and subjective norms, were extracted.
Conclusion Reasons for quitting substance abuse match the constructs of different behavioral models (e.g. the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior).
CITATION LINKS
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[27]Esmaeili R, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E, Tirgari Seraj A. [Support: The major need of patients confronting with cancer diagnosis]. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.2012; 22(89):20-30. (Persian)
[28]Saffari M, Shojaezadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Pakpour A, Ramazankhani A, hoseyni SR. [Health Communication]. 1thed.Tehran: Asare Sobhan Publisher; 2010. (Persian)
[29]Akbari M, Rafiefar S, Ayar S, Mohamadi N, Aghamowlaea T. [Health education curriculum (Introduction to applied concepts): specific health experts]. 1thed.Tehran: Mehravash Publisher; 2006.
[30]Tavakoli Ghouchani H, Armat M, Mortazavi H. [Factors related to embarking on addiction cessation in clients referring to Bojnord behzisti addiction cessation clinic from 2000 until 2001]. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.2002; 10(38):32-7. (Persian)
[31]Fereidoonimoghadam M, Yazdani M, Nasiri M, Yazdannik A. [Motivated to treat the youth with substance dependence]. Quarterly Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.2006; 2(2&3):80-8. (Persian)
[32]Stone SL, Kristeller JL. Attitudes of adolescents toward smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med.1992; 8(4):221-5.
[33]Kianipour O, Pouzad A. [The study of the role of contributor factors in addiction withdrawal]. Journal of Research and Education Office, Drug Control Headquarters of the Presidency.2012; 6(22):39-54. (Persian)
[34]German D, Sherman SG, Sirirojn B, Thomson N, Aramrattana A, Celentano DD. Motivations for methamphetamine cessation among young people in northern Thailand. Addiction.2006; 101(8):1143-52.
[35]Maskani K, Jafarzadeh Fakhar M. [Study of the prevalence of risk factors affecting addiction and withdrawal in self-declared drug addicts]. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.2008; 15(3):176-81. (Persian)
[36]Asghari E, Ebrahimi H, Barghi VC, Molaee F. [Comparing the related sociodemographical factors in the first and recurrent quitting of drug addiction]. Journal of Health and Care.2012; 14(1&2):23-9. (Persian)
[2]Aissen KA. Personal factors influencing impaired professionals’recovery from addiction [PhD thesis]. Florida: University of Florida; 2008.
[3]Manchari H, Heidari M, Ghodousi-Borujeni M. [Perceived social support in families with addicted member admitted to one of the addiction treatment centers of gorgan]. Journal of Health and Care.2013; 14(4):19-27. (Persian)
[4]United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime. [Training package on drug use prevention among drug abusers’ spouses]. Tehran: Kiana Development Institute; 2009. (Persian)
[5]Molaie A, Shahidi S, Vazifeh S, Bagherian S. Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and movie therapy on improving abstinence self-efficacy in Iranian substance dependent adolescents. Procedia Soc Behav Sci.2010; 5:1180-4.
[6]Saberi-zafarghandi MB. [Some of the challenges of mental health and addiction in Iran]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology.2011; 17(2):157-61. (Persian)
[7]National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide. National Institutes of Health Web Site; 2012 [updated December, 2012; cited 20 June, 2015]; Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/acknowledgments
[8]Sargolzae M. [Short-term withdrawal of drug]. 1thed. Mashhad: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Publications; 2000. pp:35-50. (Persian)
[9]Budde H. Predictors of motivation for change among runaway substance abusing youth [PhD thesis]. Athens: Ohio State University; 2008.
[10]Spencer C, Castle D, Michie PT. Motivations that maintain substance use among individuals with psychotic disorders. Schizophr Bull.2002; 28(2):233-47.
[11]Tavakoli Ghouchani H, Niknami Sh, Aminshokravi F, Hojjat S. [The adapt factors related to addiction treatment, with some constructs health education models: a review article]. Journal of North Khorasan University.2014; 6(4):969-81. (Persian)
[12]Rimaz S, Mohseni S, Merghati-Khoei ES, Dastoorpour M, Akbari F. [Case-control study of factors influencing on drug abuse relapse in addicts referred to two recovery centers in Tehran]. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research.2013; 10(3):53-64. (Persian)
[13]Tavakoli Ghuchani H, Shojaie zadeh D, Mazloum R. Contributing factors in taking action to stop addiction: a behavioral model. The First International & 4th National Congress on Health Education & Promotion; 16 May- 19 May; Tabriz, 2011.
[14]Hartzler B, Donovan DM, Tillotson CJ, Mongoue-Tchokote S, Doyle SR, McCarty D. A multilevel approach to predicting community addiction treatment attitudes about contingency management. J Subst Abuse Treat.2012; 42(2):213-21.
[15]Tavakoli Ghouchani H, Shojaiezadeh D, Mazloum SR. [Comparative Study of factors associated with addiction withdrawal in clients referring to drug-stop clinics of northern Khorasan (Iran) in 2007]. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.2009; 17(2):32-43. (Persian)
[16]Battjes RJ, Gordon MS, O'Grady KE, Kinlock TW, Carswell MA. Factors that predict adolescent motivation for substance abuse treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat.2003; 24(3):221-32.
[17]Noroozi M. Kavosi F. The addicts' motivation to cease drug usage among clients admitted at Kermanshah Farabi hospital 2000 [PhD Thesis]. Kermanshah: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 2001. (Persian).
[18]Shojaeizadeh D. [Models to study behavior in health education]. Health Education and Communications Headquarter.2000;15-40. (Persian)
[19]Sharma M, Romas JA. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. 2nd. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2008.
[20]Sharifi H, Kharaghani R, Sigari S, Emami H, Farhadi M, Masjedi M. [Evaluation of relation between individual factors of substance abuse treatment with successful detoxification]. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation.2012; 12(5):72-80. (Persian)
[21]Nori K, Shojaezadeh D. [Health education & behaviour change]. 1nd. Tehran: Nashre Neshaneh Publisher; 2004. (Persian)
[22]Saffari M, Shojaezadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Heydania A, Pakpor A. [Health Education & Pomotion]. 1ed. Tehran: Asare sobhan Publisher; 2012. (Persian)
[23]Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4ed. SanFrancisco: John Wiley & Sons Publisher; 2008.
[24]DiClemente CC, Schlundt D, Gemmell L. Readiness and stages of change in addiction treatment. Am J Addict.2004; 13(2):103-19.
[25]Heidarnia A. [Topics in the process of health education]. 1thed. Tehran: Zamani Nasser Publications; 2003. (Persian)
[26]Taleff MJ. The state of addictions education programs: results of a national cross-sectional survey. Journal of Teaching in the Addictions.2003; 2(1):59-66.
[27]Esmaeili R, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E, Tirgari Seraj A. [Support: The major need of patients confronting with cancer diagnosis]. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.2012; 22(89):20-30. (Persian)
[28]Saffari M, Shojaezadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Pakpour A, Ramazankhani A, hoseyni SR. [Health Communication]. 1thed.Tehran: Asare Sobhan Publisher; 2010. (Persian)
[29]Akbari M, Rafiefar S, Ayar S, Mohamadi N, Aghamowlaea T. [Health education curriculum (Introduction to applied concepts): specific health experts]. 1thed.Tehran: Mehravash Publisher; 2006.
[30]Tavakoli Ghouchani H, Armat M, Mortazavi H. [Factors related to embarking on addiction cessation in clients referring to Bojnord behzisti addiction cessation clinic from 2000 until 2001]. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.2002; 10(38):32-7. (Persian)
[31]Fereidoonimoghadam M, Yazdani M, Nasiri M, Yazdannik A. [Motivated to treat the youth with substance dependence]. Quarterly Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.2006; 2(2&3):80-8. (Persian)
[32]Stone SL, Kristeller JL. Attitudes of adolescents toward smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med.1992; 8(4):221-5.
[33]Kianipour O, Pouzad A. [The study of the role of contributor factors in addiction withdrawal]. Journal of Research and Education Office, Drug Control Headquarters of the Presidency.2012; 6(22):39-54. (Persian)
[34]German D, Sherman SG, Sirirojn B, Thomson N, Aramrattana A, Celentano DD. Motivations for methamphetamine cessation among young people in northern Thailand. Addiction.2006; 101(8):1143-52.
[35]Maskani K, Jafarzadeh Fakhar M. [Study of the prevalence of risk factors affecting addiction and withdrawal in self-declared drug addicts]. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.2008; 15(3):176-81. (Persian)
[36]Asghari E, Ebrahimi H, Barghi VC, Molaee F. [Comparing the related sociodemographical factors in the first and recurrent quitting of drug addiction]. Journal of Health and Care.2012; 14(1&2):23-9. (Persian)