@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(3):161-166
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(3):161-166
Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Brassica rapa Root on Formalin Test Pain in Adult Male Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Hosseini S. E. (*)Zahiri S. (1)
Aqababa H. (2)
(*) Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
(1) Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
(2) Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
Correspondence
Address:Phone: +987283311172
Fax: +987283311172
ebrahim.hossini@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: January 23, 2012Accepted: August 15, 2013
ePublished: October 3, 2013
ABSTRACT
Aims
Pain is a complex sensation that affects the spirit and psychological status and in many cases, using the different drugs for pain relief is required. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root in reducing acute and chronic pain induced by formalin in adult male rats.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were used that were divided into 5 8membered groups of control, rein, test 1, test 2 and test 3. To cause pain, 0.5ml of 2.5% formalin was injected to the foot of animals subcutaneously. The control group went only under the formalin test. Half an hour before the injection of formalin, the rein group received 1ml of saline and test groups 1, 2 and 3 received doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa roots, respectively. Obtained data was analyzed by using SPSS 18 software and ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Findings 100 (1.762±0.133) and 200mg/kg (1.550±0.132) of body weight doses of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root caused a significant reduction of pain in acute phase in comparison to the control group and 200mg/kg (1.225±0.054) dose of body weight caused a significant reduction of pain in chronic phase in comparison to the control group (1.822±0.114).
Conclusion Alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root is useful in pain reducing dosedependently and time-dependently.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were used that were divided into 5 8membered groups of control, rein, test 1, test 2 and test 3. To cause pain, 0.5ml of 2.5% formalin was injected to the foot of animals subcutaneously. The control group went only under the formalin test. Half an hour before the injection of formalin, the rein group received 1ml of saline and test groups 1, 2 and 3 received doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa roots, respectively. Obtained data was analyzed by using SPSS 18 software and ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Findings 100 (1.762±0.133) and 200mg/kg (1.550±0.132) of body weight doses of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root caused a significant reduction of pain in acute phase in comparison to the control group and 200mg/kg (1.225±0.054) dose of body weight caused a significant reduction of pain in chronic phase in comparison to the control group (1.822±0.114).
Conclusion Alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root is useful in pain reducing dosedependently and time-dependently.
CITATION LINKS
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[18] Bennett RN, Rosa EAS, Mellon FA, Kroon PA. Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa (salad rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (wall rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket) and Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(11):4005-15.
[19] Dubuisson D, Dennis SG. The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effect of morphine and brainstem stimulation in rat cats. J Pain. 1997;4(2):161-74.
[20] Hosseini E, Karimzadeh K. Anti-diabetic effects of hydroalcohlic juglans regia male flower extract on blood glucose level and on liver enzymes activity in intact and diabetogenized adult male rat. Birjand Univ Med Sci J. 2012;19(2):165-72. [Persian]
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[25] Ahmadianai A, Hosseiny J, Semnanian S, Javan M, Saeedi F, Kamalinajad M. Anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract. J Ethanopharmacol. 2000;72(1-2):287-92.
[26] Ramezani M, Amin Gh, Jalili E. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex agnus castus fruit in mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2010;11(4):46-51. [Persian]
[27] Holdgate A, Pollock T. Systemic review of the relative efficacy of NSAIDs and opioids in the treatment of acute renal colic. BMJ. 2004;329(7473):1019.
[28] Alibabaei Z, Pilehvarian A, Shirani M, Kheiri S, Taji F, Asgari A, et al. Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in Balb/c mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2010;11(4):9-14. [Persian]
[29] Bang JS, Oh da H, Choi H, Sur B, Lim S, Kim J, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):49.
[30] Nasri S, Ramezani M, Yassa N. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolalcoholic extract of Apium graveolens seeds in mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2009;4(10):25-31. [Persian]
[31] Xiangfei L, Shane A, Marisa B, John P, Kequan Z. Cecil lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Sci Horticult. 2009;13(2):56-62.
[32] Mahalaxmi M, Swati S, Veena S, Sanjay B. Effect of myricetin on behavioral paradigms of anxiety. Pharma Biol. 2009;47(10):927-31.
[33] Losi G, Puia G, Garzon G, de Vuono MC, Baraldi M. Apigenin modulates GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;502(1-2):41-6.
[34] Todorvic SM, Pathirathna S, Meyenbourg A. Mechanical and thermal antinociception in rats after systemic administration of verapamil. Neurosci Lett. 2004;360(1-2):57-60.
[2] Mokhtari M, Shariatii M, Niknam H. The effect of antinociceptive and anti inflammatory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri on formalin test and carrageenan model in rat. Rafsanjan Med Sci Health J. 2008;7(3):165-72. [Persian]
[3] Weiner RS. Pain management. 6th ed. Washington DC: American Academy of Pain Management; 2001.
[4] Bingham B, Ajit SK, Blake DR, Samad TA. The molecular basis of pain and its clinical implications in rheumatology. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2009;5(1):28-37.
[5] Malmberg AP, Lamberti C, Chelardini C, Giotti A. Role of histamine in rodent antiniciception. Br J Pharmacol. 1994;111(4):1269-70.
[6] Davidson EM, Coggeshall RE, Carlton SM. Peripheral NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors contribute to nociceptive behaviors in the rat formalin test. Neuroreport. 1997;8(4):941-6.
[7] Romani A, Vignolini P, Isolani L. HPLC-DAD/MS characterization of flavonoids and hydrocinnamic derivatives in turnip top (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. Sylvestris L). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(4):1342-6.
[8] Schonhof I, Krumbein A, Bruckner B. Genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower. Nahrung. 2004;48(1):25-33.
[9] Coskun O, Kanter M, Armutcu F, Centin K. Protective effects of quercetin: A flavonoid antioxidant, in absolute ethanol-induce acute gastric ulcer. Eur J Gen Med. 2004;1930:37-42.
[10] Kristal A, Lampe J. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Pharmaceut Biol, 2002;40:55-8.
[11] Toker G, Kupeli E, Memisoglu M, Yesilada E. Flavonoids with anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from the leaves of Tilia argentea (silver linden). J Ethanopharmacol. 2004;95(2-3):393-7.
[12] Ahmad VU, Hussain H, Bukhari IA, Hussain J, Jassbi AR, Dar A. Antinociceptive diterpene from Euphorbia decipiens. Fitoterapia. 2005;76(2):230-2.
[13] Choi H, Han MJ, Baek N, Kim D. Hepatoprotective effects of Brassica rapa (Turnip) on d-galactosamine induced liver injured rats. Korean J Pharmacol. 2006;37(4):258-65.
[14] Mohajeri D, Doustar Y, Mousavi G. Protective and antioxidant activities of turnip root etanolic extract against cisplatin hepatotoxicity in interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;11(2):49.
[15] Jung UJ, Baek N, Chung H, Bang M, Jeong T, Lee K, et al. Effects of the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa on glucose and lipid metabolism in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(1):158-67.
[16] Kim YH, Kim YW, Oh YJ, Back NI, Chung SA, Chung HG, et al. Protective effect of the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells and rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009;29(12):2436-41.
[17] Jung UJ, Baek NI, Chung HG. Effects of the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa on glucose and lipid metabolism in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(1):158-67.
[18] Bennett RN, Rosa EAS, Mellon FA, Kroon PA. Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa (salad rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (wall rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket) and Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(11):4005-15.
[19] Dubuisson D, Dennis SG. The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effect of morphine and brainstem stimulation in rat cats. J Pain. 1997;4(2):161-74.
[20] Hosseini E, Karimzadeh K. Anti-diabetic effects of hydroalcohlic juglans regia male flower extract on blood glucose level and on liver enzymes activity in intact and diabetogenized adult male rat. Birjand Univ Med Sci J. 2012;19(2):165-72. [Persian]
[21] Munger BL, Bennett GJ, Kajander KC. An experimental painful peripheral neuropathy due to nerve constriction. Exp Neurol. 1992;118(2):204-14.
[22] Zimmermann M. Pathobiology of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;429(1-3):23-37.
[23] Mehmat O, Yagiz U, Mehmat G. Comparison of the effects of specific and nonspecific inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on morphine analgesia, tolerance and dependence in mice. Life Sci. 2003;72(17):1943-51.
[24] Flavia CM, Ana PL, Moacir GP, Ca AL. Analysis of the antinociceptive effect of the flavonoid myricitrin: Evidence for a role of the l-arginine-nitric oxide and protein kinase C pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316(2):789-96.
[25] Ahmadianai A, Hosseiny J, Semnanian S, Javan M, Saeedi F, Kamalinajad M. Anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract. J Ethanopharmacol. 2000;72(1-2):287-92.
[26] Ramezani M, Amin Gh, Jalili E. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex agnus castus fruit in mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2010;11(4):46-51. [Persian]
[27] Holdgate A, Pollock T. Systemic review of the relative efficacy of NSAIDs and opioids in the treatment of acute renal colic. BMJ. 2004;329(7473):1019.
[28] Alibabaei Z, Pilehvarian A, Shirani M, Kheiri S, Taji F, Asgari A, et al. Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in Balb/c mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2010;11(4):9-14. [Persian]
[29] Bang JS, Oh da H, Choi H, Sur B, Lim S, Kim J, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):49.
[30] Nasri S, Ramezani M, Yassa N. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolalcoholic extract of Apium graveolens seeds in mice. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J. 2009;4(10):25-31. [Persian]
[31] Xiangfei L, Shane A, Marisa B, John P, Kequan Z. Cecil lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Sci Horticult. 2009;13(2):56-62.
[32] Mahalaxmi M, Swati S, Veena S, Sanjay B. Effect of myricetin on behavioral paradigms of anxiety. Pharma Biol. 2009;47(10):927-31.
[33] Losi G, Puia G, Garzon G, de Vuono MC, Baraldi M. Apigenin modulates GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;502(1-2):41-6.
[34] Todorvic SM, Pathirathna S, Meyenbourg A. Mechanical and thermal antinociception in rats after systemic administration of verapamil. Neurosci Lett. 2004;360(1-2):57-60.