@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(2):129-140
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(2):129-140
Sustainable Development Patterns in the Architecture of Semnan Wind-Catchers
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Valian T. (1)Mofidi Shemirani SM (*2)
Mahmoodi M. (3)
(*2) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
(1) Department of Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
(3) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, North of Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Iran University of Science & Technology, Farjam Street, Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1477893855Phone: +98 (21) 73228229
Fax: +98 (21) 73228229
s_m_mofidi@iust.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 23, 2020Accepted: May 15, 2020
ePublished: May 19, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
This study aims to identify the typology of wind-catchers in Semnan province as an example of traditional architecture based on sustainable development patterns.
Methodology This is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, which has been done through library and field study. The methodology has been a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. First, 37 items were selected as the main samples and evaluated using five evaluation indicators. In these perceptions, the selected buildings and especially their wind-catchers were carefully examined and their maps were drawn accurately, and then by examining and comparing the obtained maps, different types of wind-catchers were categorized in separate categories according to the similarities and differences.
Findings The results showed that 10.8% of wind catchers are two-way and 89.2% are four-way. Examination of wind towers’ plan of wind-catchers in the plan shows all wind-catchers studied wind catchers are connected to the hall; 45.9% of them are located in the symmetry axis of the hall and 54.1% are located in the corner of the hall. Examination of the windshield plan showed that 29.7% of the windshields had a square plan and 70.3% had a rectangular plan. The results showed that 40.5% of wind-catchers ventilate only the ground floor, while 59.5% ventilate the basement. Moreover, 27% of wind towers have a square shelf, 46% have a vertical rectangular shelf and 27% have windshields with a horizontal rectangular shelf. The western half of the province has more wind-catchers than the eastern and northern half.
Conclusion By applying the principles of traditional architecture in line with the climate, it is possible to meet some of today's architectural needs such as air conditioning and optimal energy consumption.
Methodology This is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, which has been done through library and field study. The methodology has been a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. First, 37 items were selected as the main samples and evaluated using five evaluation indicators. In these perceptions, the selected buildings and especially their wind-catchers were carefully examined and their maps were drawn accurately, and then by examining and comparing the obtained maps, different types of wind-catchers were categorized in separate categories according to the similarities and differences.
Findings The results showed that 10.8% of wind catchers are two-way and 89.2% are four-way. Examination of wind towers’ plan of wind-catchers in the plan shows all wind-catchers studied wind catchers are connected to the hall; 45.9% of them are located in the symmetry axis of the hall and 54.1% are located in the corner of the hall. Examination of the windshield plan showed that 29.7% of the windshields had a square plan and 70.3% had a rectangular plan. The results showed that 40.5% of wind-catchers ventilate only the ground floor, while 59.5% ventilate the basement. Moreover, 27% of wind towers have a square shelf, 46% have a vertical rectangular shelf and 27% have windshields with a horizontal rectangular shelf. The western half of the province has more wind-catchers than the eastern and northern half.
Conclusion By applying the principles of traditional architecture in line with the climate, it is possible to meet some of today's architectural needs such as air conditioning and optimal energy consumption.
Keywords:
Wind-catchers, Sustainable Architecture,
Natural Ventilation,
Native Architecture,
Semnan Province,
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Morahemi S, Yari Broojeni N, Saadvandi M (2017). The typology of Laft port wind-catchers based on facade decorations. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 159:19-34. [Persian]
[14]Nel O, López J, Martín J, Checa J (2017). Energy and urban form, the growth of European cities on the basis of night-time brightness. Land Use Policy. 61:103-112.
[15]Robinson J (2016). Comparative urbanism: New geographies and cultures of theorizing the urban. international Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 40(1):187-199.
[16]Roohi S (2014). The use of wind energy in wind-catcherss in order to reduce the cooling load of the building. The 2nd International Congress of Structural, Architectural and Urban Development. 2014, 17-19 December: Tabriz. pp. 1-13.
[17]Statistical Center of Iran [Internet]. Statistical center of Iran. [Published 2019, 15 August; Cited 2019, 27 May]. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/english
[18]Toronto Reference Library (2011). The living city: Report card 2011: An assessment of the environmental health of the greater Toronto area. Toronto: Toronto Reference Library.
[19]Ziabakhsh N, Zad G, Davoodi A (2011). Comparative study of sustainability in residential and indigenous architecture of hot and dry climate based on wind-catchers and materials (Case study: Nain and Taft houses). National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Energy Management. 2012, 12-13 February: Ardestan. pp.1-10.
[2]Hall P, Pfeiffer U (2000). Urban future 21; a global Agenda for Twenty First century cities, E & FN Spon, London.
[3]Harrison C, Donnelly IA (2011). A theory of smart cities. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS-2011, 23 September: Hull, UK. 55(1).
[4]Hekmatnia H, Ansari J (2012). Planning of housing in Meybod with sustainable development approach Human Geography Research. 44(1):173-190. [Persian].
[5]Jomepoor M (2003). The basic components of sustainable development; people, resources, space and the role of participation in sustainable development process. Quarterly Journal of Social Sciences. 10(22):103-130. [Persian]
[6]Karadag T (2013). An evaluation of the smart city approach [dissertation]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
[7]Karaman O, Sawyer L, Schmid C, Ping Wong K (2020). Plot by plot: Plotting urbanism as an ordinary process of urbanization. ANITIPODE. 52(4):1122-1151.
[8]Khajoo M, Tayebi Sani SM, Fahiminejad A, Morsal B (2019). Evaluating and analyzing the spatial justice in the distribution of sports applications and services in Garmsar county. Geographical Researches. 34(4): 551-558. [Persian]
[9]Mahdavinejad MJ, Javanroodi K (2011). Comparative Evaluation of Airflow in Two kinds of Yazdi and Kermani Wind-Towers. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI. 48(4):69-79. [Persian]
[10]Mahmoodi Zarandi M (2016). An analysis of the orientation, location and service spaces of wind-catchers in the native houses of Yazd. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 35(153):35-46. [Persian]
[11]McFarlane C, Silver J (2017). Navigating the city: Dialectics of everyday urbanism. Transactions. 42(3):458-471.
[12]Mohammadi Sangli K, Gharashi S (2016). Sustainable urban development; global approach with local solutions (case study: review of sustainability criteria in traditional architecture of Yazd city). Shebak. 2(4-5):87-99. [Persian]
[13]Morahemi S, Yari Broojeni N, Saadvandi M (2017). The typology of Laft port wind-catchers based on facade decorations. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 159:19-34. [Persian]
[14]Nel O, López J, Martín J, Checa J (2017). Energy and urban form, the growth of European cities on the basis of night-time brightness. Land Use Policy. 61:103-112.
[15]Robinson J (2016). Comparative urbanism: New geographies and cultures of theorizing the urban. international Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 40(1):187-199.
[16]Roohi S (2014). The use of wind energy in wind-catcherss in order to reduce the cooling load of the building. The 2nd International Congress of Structural, Architectural and Urban Development. 2014, 17-19 December: Tabriz. pp. 1-13.
[17]Statistical Center of Iran [Internet]. Statistical center of Iran. [Published 2019, 15 August; Cited 2019, 27 May]. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/english
[18]Toronto Reference Library (2011). The living city: Report card 2011: An assessment of the environmental health of the greater Toronto area. Toronto: Toronto Reference Library.
[19]Ziabakhsh N, Zad G, Davoodi A (2011). Comparative study of sustainability in residential and indigenous architecture of hot and dry climate based on wind-catchers and materials (Case study: Nain and Taft houses). National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Energy Management. 2012, 12-13 February: Ardestan. pp.1-10.