@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):27-33
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):27-33
Effect of Curcumin and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Hormones of Pituitary-Gonad Axis in Male Diabetic Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Sadoughi S.D. (*)(*) Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Payam-e-Noor University, Mo’allem Boulevard, Mashhad, Iran. Postal Code: 91735-433Phone: +98 (51) 38683900
Fax: +98 (51) 38683001
damoon.sadoughi@mshdiau.ac.ir
Article History
Received: January 26, 2016Accepted: July 19, 2016
ePublished: January 19, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Changing the activity of pituitary-testis axis, hyperglycemia leads to fertility disorders. Curcumin reduces blood sugar, and the electromagnetic fields differently affect the cells and tissues. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of curcumin and the low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the activities of pituitary-gonad axis in the diabetic male rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 49 Wistar male rats were studied. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=7 rats per group), including healthy control, diabetic control (receiving distilled water), experimental diabetic 1 (300mg/Kg curcumin as intraperitoneal injection), experimental diabetic 2 (curcumin + 60-minute 50Hz and 15G electromagnetic field daily), experimental diabetic 3 (curcumin + 50Hz and 300G electromagnetic field), experimental diabetic 4 (50Hz and 15G electromagnetic field), and experimental diabetic 5 (50Hz and 300G electromagnetic field) groups. One alloxan intraperitoneal injection was used to cause diabetes. 25-day treatment was conducted in all the groups. At the end of treatment period, the serum levels of testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, estrogen, LH, and FSH hormones were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests.
Findings The serum levels of all the studied hormones significantly increased in experimental diabetic groups 1, 2, and 4 compared to diabetic control group, while they significantly decreased in experimental diabetic group 5 (p<0.05).
Conclusion Curcumin increases the activity level of pituitary-testis axis in the diabetic male rats. The effects intensify by the simultaneous 15G electromagnetic field.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 49 Wistar male rats were studied. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=7 rats per group), including healthy control, diabetic control (receiving distilled water), experimental diabetic 1 (300mg/Kg curcumin as intraperitoneal injection), experimental diabetic 2 (curcumin + 60-minute 50Hz and 15G electromagnetic field daily), experimental diabetic 3 (curcumin + 50Hz and 300G electromagnetic field), experimental diabetic 4 (50Hz and 15G electromagnetic field), and experimental diabetic 5 (50Hz and 300G electromagnetic field) groups. One alloxan intraperitoneal injection was used to cause diabetes. 25-day treatment was conducted in all the groups. At the end of treatment period, the serum levels of testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, estrogen, LH, and FSH hormones were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests.
Findings The serum levels of all the studied hormones significantly increased in experimental diabetic groups 1, 2, and 4 compared to diabetic control group, while they significantly decreased in experimental diabetic group 5 (p<0.05).
Conclusion Curcumin increases the activity level of pituitary-testis axis in the diabetic male rats. The effects intensify by the simultaneous 15G electromagnetic field.
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Canedo L, Cantu RG, Hernandez R. Magnetic field exposure during gestation: pineal and cerebral cortex serotonin in the rat. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2003;21(5):263-6.
[14]Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field on TSH and thyroid hormones in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2005;157(3):257-62.
[15]Sadooghi SD, Zafar Balanezhad S, Nezhad Shahrokh Abadi K, Baharara J. Investigating the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on MCF-7 cancer cell line. Urmia Med J. 2014;25(5):444-52. [Persian]
[16]Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field on HT-29 cancer cell line. Feyz. 2013;17(5):413-21. [Persian]
[17]Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on wound healing in diabetic rats. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014;13(3):207-22.
[18]Rahbarian R, Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effect of electromagnetic field with low frequency on development of two-cell nmri mice embryo (in vitro). Urmia Med J. 2014;25(1):67-75. [Persian]
[19]Rajaei F, Mohammadian A. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on mouse liver histology. J Qom Univ Med Sci. 2013;6(4):8-13. [Persian]
[20]Saadat I, Sedaghat Z, Afhami M, Bahaoddini A, Saadat M. Effect of a 50-Hz electromagnetic field on the gene expression of glutathione s-transferase T1 (Gstt1) in the testis and liver of male rats. Comp Clin Pathol. 2010;19(2):211-14.
[21]Kamali E, Ghaedi K, Karimi P, Kheradmand P, Tavassoli M. Biological and Anticancer Effects of Curcumin. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;31(265):2097-112. [Persian]
[22]Maheshwari RK, Singh AK, Gaddipati J, Srimal RC. Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review. Life Sci. 2006;78(18):2081-7.
[23]Anand P, Sundaram C, Jhurani S, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer: An "old-age" disease with an "age-old" solution. Cancer Lett. 2008;267(1):133-64.
[24]Kant V, Gopal A, Pathak NN, Kumar P, Tandan SK, Kumar D. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin accelerated the cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;20(2):322-30.
[25]Toda S, Miyase T, Arichi H, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Natural antioxidants. III. Antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of Curcuma longa L. Chem Pharm Bull. 1985;33(4):1725-8.
[26]Zargari M, Ahmadi S, Shabani S, Mahrooz A. Protective effect of curcumin on the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in kidney of acetaminophen-exposed rats. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013;22(97):74-83. [Persian]
[27]Nabiuni M, Mohammadi S, Kayedpoor P, Karimzadeh L. The effect of curcumin on the estradiol valerateinduced polycystic ovary in rats. Feyz. 2015;18(6):515-23. [Persian]
[28]Baharara J, Mousavi M, Ramezani T. Effect of curcumin on angiogenesis in aortic ring model of the wistar rat. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2014;22(3):1226-36. [Persian]
[29]Ameli H, Moini-Zangani T, Masoudnia F, Sabetkasaei M. The comparison of curcumin’s effect with or without metformin on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Pejouhandeh. 2015;19(6):312-19. [Persian]
[30]Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. "Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. J Clin Immunol. 2007;27(1):19-35.
[31]Roghani Dehkordi F, Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. The effect of curcumin on serum level of aspartate and alanine amoinotransferase and cardiac level of oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats. Pejouhandeh. 2012;17(1):18-25. [Persian]
[32]Rahbarian R, Sepehri Moghadam H, Sadoughi SD. Effect of aqueous extract of launaea acanthodes on open skin wound in diabetic rats. Horizon Med Sci. 2016;21(4):221-2. [Persian]
[33]Tirabassi G, Chelli FM, Ciommi M, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation on the metabolic profile of patients affected by diabetes mellitus-associated late onset hypogonadism. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(1):53-9.
[34]Kumar P, Padi SS, Naidu PS, Kumar A. Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of curcumin in attenuating 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007;29(1):19-25.
[35]Sumanont Y, Murakami Y, Tohda M, Vajragupta O, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H. Evaluation of the nitric oxide radical scavenging activity of manganese complexesof curcumin and its derivative. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(2):170-3.
[36]Gholami F, Mohiti Ardakani J, Moradi A, Danesh Pouya F. Anti-diabetic effect of curcuma longa extract via noninsulin dependent cellular pathway AMPK. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(3):311-8. [Persian]
[37]Seo KI, Choi MS, Jung UJ, Kim HJ, Yeo J, Jeon SM, et al. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;52(9):995-1004.
[38]Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(11):2121-7.
[39]Ayoubi AR, Valizadeh R, Omidi A, Abolfazli M. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) effects in preventing consequences of lead acetate in male rats. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(1):68-76. [Persian]
[40]Chandra AK, Chatterjee A, Ghosh R, Sarkar M. Effect of curcumin on chromium-induced oxidative damage in male reproductive system. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007;24(2):160-6.
[41]Noorafshan A, Karbalay-Doust S, Valizadeh A, Aliabadi E, Mirkhani H. Ameliorative effects of curcumin on the seminiferous epithelium of curcumin on the seminiferous epithelium in metronidazole-treated mice: a stereological study. Toxicol Pathol. 2010;38(3):366-71.
[42]Baharara J, Zahedifar Z. The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on some biological activities of animals. Arak Med Univ J. 2012;15(7):80-93. [Persian]
[43]Focke F, Schuermann D, Kuster N, Schär P. DNA fragmentation in human fibroblasts under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Mutat Res. 2010;683(1-2):74-83.
[44]Baharara J, Parivar K, Oryan Sh, Ashraf AR. Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on gonads and fertility of female Balb/c mouse. Arak Med Univ J. 2006;9(2):1-11. [Persian]
[45]Biswas SK, Mcclure D, Jimenez LA, Megson IL, Rahman I. Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibit NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: Mechanism of free radical scavenging activity. Antioxid Redox Signa. 2005;7(1-2):32-41.
[46]Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-kappaB: Players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6680-4.
[47]Monsefi M, Baha-al-dini A, Pirooz M, Haghighi S. Effect of electromagnetic field on ovary and sex hormones of female rat. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2004;11(4):9-15. [Persian]
[2]Rahbarian R, Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effects of aqueous extract of asafoetida resin on the serum level of insulin and blood glucose in type 1 diabetic rats. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2014;16(3):16-21. [Persian]
[3]Najar A, Piryae A, Babaei S, Bayat M. Effect of pentoxifylline on Serotoli and Leidig cells count of experimentally induced type 1 diabetes in male rats. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2013;11(3):188-95. [Persian]
[4]Jin J, Yang W. Molecular regulation of hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis in males. Gene. 2014;551(1):15-25.
[5]Holdcraft R.W, Braun R.E. Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis. Int J Androl. 2004;27(6):335-42
[6]Shayakhmetova GM, Bondarenko LB, Matvienko AV, Kovalenko VM. Correlation between spermatogenesis disorders and rat testes CYP2E1 mRNA contents under experimental alcoholism or type I diabetes. Adv Med Sci. 2014;59(2):183-9.
[7]Nah WH, Koh IK, Ahn HS, Kim MJ, Kang H, Jun JH, et al. Effect of Spirulina maxima on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic male rats. Food Chem. 2012;134(1):173-9.
[8]Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1840(9):2709-29.
[9]Spark RF. Testosterone, diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Urol Rep. 2007;8(6):467-71.
[10]Rho H, Lee J, Kim H, Park B, Park J. Protective mechanism of glucose against alloxan–induced B-cell damage: Pivotal role of ATP. Exp Mol Med. 2000;32(1):12-7.
[11]Yamanouchi T, Moromizato H, Kojima SH, Shinohara T, Sekino N, Minoda S, et al. Prevention of diabetes by thymic hormone in alloxan-treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;257(1-2):39-46.
[12]Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N, Kermani S, Afrouzi H, et al. the effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on the level of serotonin metabolite in the raphe nuclei of adult male rat. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;32(298):1354-62.
[13]Canedo L, Cantu RG, Hernandez R. Magnetic field exposure during gestation: pineal and cerebral cortex serotonin in the rat. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2003;21(5):263-6.
[14]Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field on TSH and thyroid hormones in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2005;157(3):257-62.
[15]Sadooghi SD, Zafar Balanezhad S, Nezhad Shahrokh Abadi K, Baharara J. Investigating the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on MCF-7 cancer cell line. Urmia Med J. 2014;25(5):444-52. [Persian]
[16]Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field on HT-29 cancer cell line. Feyz. 2013;17(5):413-21. [Persian]
[17]Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on wound healing in diabetic rats. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014;13(3):207-22.
[18]Rahbarian R, Sadooghi SD. Investigating the effect of electromagnetic field with low frequency on development of two-cell nmri mice embryo (in vitro). Urmia Med J. 2014;25(1):67-75. [Persian]
[19]Rajaei F, Mohammadian A. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on mouse liver histology. J Qom Univ Med Sci. 2013;6(4):8-13. [Persian]
[20]Saadat I, Sedaghat Z, Afhami M, Bahaoddini A, Saadat M. Effect of a 50-Hz electromagnetic field on the gene expression of glutathione s-transferase T1 (Gstt1) in the testis and liver of male rats. Comp Clin Pathol. 2010;19(2):211-14.
[21]Kamali E, Ghaedi K, Karimi P, Kheradmand P, Tavassoli M. Biological and Anticancer Effects of Curcumin. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;31(265):2097-112. [Persian]
[22]Maheshwari RK, Singh AK, Gaddipati J, Srimal RC. Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review. Life Sci. 2006;78(18):2081-7.
[23]Anand P, Sundaram C, Jhurani S, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer: An "old-age" disease with an "age-old" solution. Cancer Lett. 2008;267(1):133-64.
[24]Kant V, Gopal A, Pathak NN, Kumar P, Tandan SK, Kumar D. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin accelerated the cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;20(2):322-30.
[25]Toda S, Miyase T, Arichi H, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Natural antioxidants. III. Antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of Curcuma longa L. Chem Pharm Bull. 1985;33(4):1725-8.
[26]Zargari M, Ahmadi S, Shabani S, Mahrooz A. Protective effect of curcumin on the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in kidney of acetaminophen-exposed rats. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013;22(97):74-83. [Persian]
[27]Nabiuni M, Mohammadi S, Kayedpoor P, Karimzadeh L. The effect of curcumin on the estradiol valerateinduced polycystic ovary in rats. Feyz. 2015;18(6):515-23. [Persian]
[28]Baharara J, Mousavi M, Ramezani T. Effect of curcumin on angiogenesis in aortic ring model of the wistar rat. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2014;22(3):1226-36. [Persian]
[29]Ameli H, Moini-Zangani T, Masoudnia F, Sabetkasaei M. The comparison of curcumin’s effect with or without metformin on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Pejouhandeh. 2015;19(6):312-19. [Persian]
[30]Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. "Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. J Clin Immunol. 2007;27(1):19-35.
[31]Roghani Dehkordi F, Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. The effect of curcumin on serum level of aspartate and alanine amoinotransferase and cardiac level of oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats. Pejouhandeh. 2012;17(1):18-25. [Persian]
[32]Rahbarian R, Sepehri Moghadam H, Sadoughi SD. Effect of aqueous extract of launaea acanthodes on open skin wound in diabetic rats. Horizon Med Sci. 2016;21(4):221-2. [Persian]
[33]Tirabassi G, Chelli FM, Ciommi M, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation on the metabolic profile of patients affected by diabetes mellitus-associated late onset hypogonadism. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(1):53-9.
[34]Kumar P, Padi SS, Naidu PS, Kumar A. Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of curcumin in attenuating 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007;29(1):19-25.
[35]Sumanont Y, Murakami Y, Tohda M, Vajragupta O, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H. Evaluation of the nitric oxide radical scavenging activity of manganese complexesof curcumin and its derivative. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(2):170-3.
[36]Gholami F, Mohiti Ardakani J, Moradi A, Danesh Pouya F. Anti-diabetic effect of curcuma longa extract via noninsulin dependent cellular pathway AMPK. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(3):311-8. [Persian]
[37]Seo KI, Choi MS, Jung UJ, Kim HJ, Yeo J, Jeon SM, et al. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;52(9):995-1004.
[38]Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(11):2121-7.
[39]Ayoubi AR, Valizadeh R, Omidi A, Abolfazli M. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) effects in preventing consequences of lead acetate in male rats. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(1):68-76. [Persian]
[40]Chandra AK, Chatterjee A, Ghosh R, Sarkar M. Effect of curcumin on chromium-induced oxidative damage in male reproductive system. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007;24(2):160-6.
[41]Noorafshan A, Karbalay-Doust S, Valizadeh A, Aliabadi E, Mirkhani H. Ameliorative effects of curcumin on the seminiferous epithelium of curcumin on the seminiferous epithelium in metronidazole-treated mice: a stereological study. Toxicol Pathol. 2010;38(3):366-71.
[42]Baharara J, Zahedifar Z. The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on some biological activities of animals. Arak Med Univ J. 2012;15(7):80-93. [Persian]
[43]Focke F, Schuermann D, Kuster N, Schär P. DNA fragmentation in human fibroblasts under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Mutat Res. 2010;683(1-2):74-83.
[44]Baharara J, Parivar K, Oryan Sh, Ashraf AR. Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on gonads and fertility of female Balb/c mouse. Arak Med Univ J. 2006;9(2):1-11. [Persian]
[45]Biswas SK, Mcclure D, Jimenez LA, Megson IL, Rahman I. Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibit NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: Mechanism of free radical scavenging activity. Antioxid Redox Signa. 2005;7(1-2):32-41.
[46]Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-kappaB: Players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6680-4.
[47]Monsefi M, Baha-al-dini A, Pirooz M, Haghighi S. Effect of electromagnetic field on ovary and sex hormones of female rat. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2004;11(4):9-15. [Persian]