@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2015;7(4):183-188
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2015;7(4):183-188
Effectiveness of Acceptance- and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility of Veterans’ Spouses
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Moghtadayi M. (1)Khosh Akhlagh H. (*)
(*) Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Isfahan Branch (Khprasegan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Psychology Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Moadarres Square, Naein, Iran. Postal Code: 8391965931Phone: +983132209080
Fax: +983132209080
khoshakhlagh_h@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: September 3, 2015Accepted: October 23, 2015
ePublished: November 21, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Over the years of imposed war, veterans’ families, and especially their wives, experience complications arising from it, in such a case that their life has been associated with spiritual and mental damages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on flexibility in spouses of veterans.
Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 34 spouses of veterans, referred to Shahed Counseling Centers in Isfahan during winter and spring 2015, were selected via Available Sampling Method, and through Random Sampling Method, they assigned to experimental and control groups (n=17 per group). Research tool was Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). In experimental group, there were eight 90-min treatment sessions based on acceptance (2 sessions per week). Control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed in SPSS 21 software using Repeated Measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni Post-hoc test.
Findings In posttest and follow up stages, there were significant differences in mean flexibility scores between control and experimental groups (p<0.01). Time did not affect the effectiveness of posttest-to-follow up stage. In addition, there was no reduction in the effects of intervention in the follow up stage compared to posttest.
Conclusion Based on acceptance and commitment therapy, Group therapy method effectively enhances psychological flexibility level of the spouses of the veterans.
Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 34 spouses of veterans, referred to Shahed Counseling Centers in Isfahan during winter and spring 2015, were selected via Available Sampling Method, and through Random Sampling Method, they assigned to experimental and control groups (n=17 per group). Research tool was Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). In experimental group, there were eight 90-min treatment sessions based on acceptance (2 sessions per week). Control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed in SPSS 21 software using Repeated Measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni Post-hoc test.
Findings In posttest and follow up stages, there were significant differences in mean flexibility scores between control and experimental groups (p<0.01). Time did not affect the effectiveness of posttest-to-follow up stage. In addition, there was no reduction in the effects of intervention in the follow up stage compared to posttest.
Conclusion Based on acceptance and commitment therapy, Group therapy method effectively enhances psychological flexibility level of the spouses of the veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[27]Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, OrcuttHK, et al. Preliminary psychometricproperties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II: A revisedmeasure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther. 2011;42(4):676-88.
[28]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004:35(4):639-65.
[29]Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):1-25.
[30]Morton J, Snowdon S, Gopold M, Guymer E. Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment for symptoms of borderline personality disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognit Behav Pract. 2012;19(4):527-44.
[31]Izadi R, Neshatdust HT, Asgari K, Abedi MR. Comparison of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy on symptoms of treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Res Behave Sci. 2014;12(1):19-33. [Persian]
[32]Arch JJ, Craske MG. Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms?. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2008;15(5):263-79.
[33]Masuda A, Haye SC, Sacku CF, Twohing MP. Cognitive diffusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(4):477-85.
[2]Askaryan S, Hasanzadeh Sablooni MH, Agheri Ebrahimabad MJ. An inquiry into the effect of teaching the skills to confront with difficulties by using an Islamic approach on psychological. Ravanshenasi Din. 2014;6(4):23-37. [Persian]
[3]Verbosky SJ, Ryan DA. Female partners of Vietnam veterans: Stress by proximity. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1988;9(1):95-104.
[4]Dejkam M, Aminoroaya A. Comparing between psychological healths of veterans 'wives and ordinaries' wives who had referred to Imam Hosein hospital and Sadr hospital. 1st Scientific Conference of Veterans and Family. Tehran, Iran; 2003. [Persian]
[5]Sales E. Family burden and quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2003;12(Suppl 1):33-41.
[6]Askaryan S, Agheri MJ, Hassan Zadeh MH. Investigating the influence of training religious coping skillson resiliency, adaptability and stress management in veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;6(1):60-7. [Persian]
[7]Samani S, Jokar B, Sahragard N. Effects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2007;13(3):290-5. [Persian]
[8]Hamill S. Resiliency and self-efficacy: The importance of efficacy beliefs and coping mechanisms in resilient adolescents. Colgate Univ J Sci. 2003;35:115-46.
[9]Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scal: The connorDavidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
[10]Bonanno AG. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?. Am Psychol. 2004;59(1):20-8.
[11]Campbell-Sills L, Cohan SL, Stein MB. Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(4):585-99.
[12]Gu Q, Day C. Teachers resilience: A necessary condition for effectiveness. Teach Teach Educ. 2007;23(8):1302-16.
[13]Veselska Z, Geckova AM, Orosova O, Gajdosova B, Dijk GP, Reijneveld SA. Self- esteem and resilience: The connection with risky behavior among adolescents. Addict Behav. 2009;34(3):287-91.
[14]Kumpfer KL. Factor and processes contributing to resilience: The resilience framework. In: Glantz MD, Johnson JL, editors. Resilience and development. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1999. pp. 179-224.
[15]Hayes SC. Climbing our hills: A beginning conversation on the comparison of ACT and traditional CBT. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2008;15(4):286-95.
[16]Roditi D, Robinson ME. The role of psychological interventions in the management of patients with chronic pain. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2011;4:41-9.
[17]Wicksell RK, Ahlqvist J, Bring A, Melin L, Olsson GL. Can exposure strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)? a randomized controlled trial. Cognit Behav Ther. 2008;37(3):169-82.
[18]Veehof MM, Oskam MJ, Schreurs KMG, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic: A systematic review abd meta-analysis. Pain. 2011;152(3):533-42.
[19]Prevedini AB, Presti G, Rabitti E, Miselli G, Moderato P. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): The foundation of the therapeutic model and an overview of its contribution to the treatment of patients with chronic physical diseases. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2011;33(1 Suppl A):A53-63.
[20]Hor M, Aghaei A, Abedi A, Attari A. Effects of therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy on depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Res Behav Sci. 2013;11(2):121-8. [Persian]
[21]Ruiz FJ. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2010;10(1):125-62.
[22]Lillis J, Hayes SC, Bunting K, Masuda A. Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Ann Behav Med. 2009;37(1):58-69.
[23]Hashmynsb Aliabadi M. Efficacy of acceptance and commitment to alleviate the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder [Dissertation]. Tabriz: University of Tabriz; 2014. [Persian]
[24]Anvari MH, Ebrahimi A, Neshatdoost HT, Afshar H, Abedi A. the effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on pain-related anxiety, acceptance of pain and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;32(295):1156-65. [Persian]
[25]Pourfaraj M. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy in social phobia of students. J Knowl Health. 2012;6(2):1-6. [Persian]
[26]Heydariyanfar N. Efficacy based on acceptance and commitment therapy distressed couples [Dissertation]. Ahvaz: Martyr Chamran University; 2013. [Persian]
[27]Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, OrcuttHK, et al. Preliminary psychometricproperties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II: A revisedmeasure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther. 2011;42(4):676-88.
[28]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004:35(4):639-65.
[29]Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):1-25.
[30]Morton J, Snowdon S, Gopold M, Guymer E. Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment for symptoms of borderline personality disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognit Behav Pract. 2012;19(4):527-44.
[31]Izadi R, Neshatdust HT, Asgari K, Abedi MR. Comparison of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy on symptoms of treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Res Behave Sci. 2014;12(1):19-33. [Persian]
[32]Arch JJ, Craske MG. Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms?. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2008;15(5):263-79.
[33]Masuda A, Haye SC, Sacku CF, Twohing MP. Cognitive diffusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(4):477-85.