@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(1):11-18
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(1):11-18
Effectiveness of Education Based on the Health Belief Model on Performing Pre-ventive Measures for Breast Cancer Among Female Teachers in Zahedan
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Kalan-Farmanfarma Kh. (1)Zareban I. (1*)
Jalili Z. (2)
ShahrakiPour M. (3)
(1) Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
(2) Department of Health Education, School of Medical Sciences, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: January 15, 2014Accepted: May 10, 2014
ePublished: June 12, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Preventive behaviors such as screening tests have an important role in prevention and control of breast cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational programs on preventive behaviors of breast cancer based on the health belief model among female teachers of guidance schools in Zahedan city.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on 240 female teachers from (120 participants in each of the control and intervention groups) Zahedan guidance schools. The data-gathering tool was a multipart questionnaire containing demographic variables, knowledge and health belief model structures. An educational program was performed based on the health belief model in five sessions through lectures, training videos, question and answer session for participants in the intervention group. Questionnaires were filled before and two months after the intervention in the two groups. Data was analyzed by independent T-test, chi-square and multiple linear regressions using SPSS-15 software.
Findings There was no meaningful difference in the mean scores of knowledge, health belief model constructs, and performance between the two groups before the educational intervention, but the mean scores of variables increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion The health belief model was effective to promote preventive behaviors. Hence, educational interventions with an emphasis on raising awareness, change in beliefs and improving self-efficacy regarding breast cancer are recommended.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on 240 female teachers from (120 participants in each of the control and intervention groups) Zahedan guidance schools. The data-gathering tool was a multipart questionnaire containing demographic variables, knowledge and health belief model structures. An educational program was performed based on the health belief model in five sessions through lectures, training videos, question and answer session for participants in the intervention group. Questionnaires were filled before and two months after the intervention in the two groups. Data was analyzed by independent T-test, chi-square and multiple linear regressions using SPSS-15 software.
Findings There was no meaningful difference in the mean scores of knowledge, health belief model constructs, and performance between the two groups before the educational intervention, but the mean scores of variables increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion The health belief model was effective to promote preventive behaviors. Hence, educational interventions with an emphasis on raising awareness, change in beliefs and improving self-efficacy regarding breast cancer are recommended.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Moodi M, Norozi E, Rezaeiyan M, Mostafavi F, Sharifirad Gh. [Comparing the Effectiveness of Three Educational Interventions based on Health Belief Model on Mammography Screening Behaviors in Women above 40 Years in Isfahan, Iran]. Journal of Health System Research.2013; 9(4): 385-94. (Persian)
[15]Judkins AF, Boutwell WB. A model Program for Teaching Nurses Breast Assessment and Cancer Screening. J Contin Educ Nurs.1991; 22(6):233-6.
[16]Beydağ KD, Yürügen B. The effect of breast self-examination (Bse) education given to midwifery students on their knowledge and attitudes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2010; 11(6):1761-4.
[17]Navvabi Rigi Sh, Kerman Saravi F, Navidian A, Khazaiyan S, Sharaki poor M, Sharaki Sanavi F, and et al. [The effect of teaching breast self-examination based on health belief model in teachers in Zahedan]. Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal.2012; 1(1):24-30. (Persian)
[18]Ho TV. Effects of an educational intervention of breast cancer early screening and detection beliefs and practices in Vietnamese American women: a pilot study. The 17th International nursing research congress focusing on evidence-based practice: 2006 Jul. Montréal, Canada. Québec: QC H3B 2L7;2006.
[19]Crombie K, Hancock K, Chang E, Vardanega L, Wonghongkul T, Chanakok A, et al. Breast screening education at Australian and Thai worksites: A comparison of program effectiveness. Contemp Nurse.2005; 19(1&2): 181-96.
[20]Consedine NS, Magai C, Horton D, Neugut AI, Gillespie M. Health belief model factors in mammography screening: testing for interactions among subpopulations of Caribbean women. Ethn Dis.2005; 15(3):444-52.
[21]Karimy M, Hasani M, Khoram R, Ghaffari M, Niknami SH. [The Effect of Education Based on Health Belief Model on Breast Self- Examination in Health Liaisons of Zarandieh City]. Zahadan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2008; 10(4):283-91. (Persian)
[22]Rezaeian M, Sharifirad GH, Mostafavi F, Moodi M, Abbasi MH. The effects of breast cancer educational intervention on knowledge and health beliefs of women 40 years and older, Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot.2014; 3(43):59-64.
[23]James AS, Campbell MK, Hudson MA. Perceived barriers and benefits to colon cancer screening among African Americans in North Carolina: how does perception relate to screening behavior? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2002; 11(6): 529-34.
[24]Heidari M, Alhani F, Kazemnejad A, Moezzi F. [The effect of empowerment model on quality of life of Diabetic ado-lescents]. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2007; 17(1):87-94. (Persian)
[25]Karimy M, Montazeri A, Araban M. [The effect of an educational program based on health belief model on the em-powerment of rural women in prevention of brucellosis]. Arak Medical University Journal.2012; 14(6): 85-94. (Per-sian)
[26]Burak LJ, Meyer M. Using the Health Belief Model to examine and predict college women's cervical cancer screening beliefs and behavior. Health Care Women Int.1997; 18(3): 251-62.
[27]Kessler TA. Increasing mammography and cervical cancer knowledge and screening behaviors with an educational program. Oncol Nurs Forum.2012; 39(1):61-8.
[28]Rastad H, Shokohi L, Dehghani SL, Motamed Jahromi M. [Assessment of the Awareness and Practice of Women vis-à-vis Breast Self-Examination in Fasa in 2011]. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences.2013; 3(1):75-80. (Per-sian)
[2]Rastad H, Shokohi L, Dehghani SL, Motamed Jahromi M. [Assessment of the Awareness and Practice of Women vis-à-vis Breast Self-Examination in Fasa in 2011]. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences.2013; 3(1):75-80. (Per-sian)
[3]Haghighi F, Portaghali P, Rafaty Javanbakht L, Ghanbarzadeh N, Hosseini SM. [Knowledge, attitude, and practice of female teachers regarding breast cancer screening in Birjand]. Modern Care Journal.2012; 9(2):146-55. (Persian)
[4]Shiralipoor A, Asadi M, Valivand AH. [Analysis of Social factor discourse of Breast Cancer-Pain in Women: A qualita-tive study basic Grounded theory]. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases.2010; 3(3&4):52-8. (Persian)
[5]American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts and figures 2007-2008. Atlanta; The Institute; 2007. Available from:http:// www.cancer.org/acs/ groups/content/@nho/documents/document/bcfffinalpdf/ pdf.
[6]Saatsaz S,Rezaei R, Nazari R, Hajihosseini F, Seidi andy SG. [Education Effect on Knowledge and Practice of Teach-ers in Breast Cancer Screening Tests]. Iranian Journal of Breast Disease.2009; 2(3&4):29-35. (Persian)
[7]Hacihasanoglu R, Gozum S. The effect of training on the knowledge levels and beliefs regarding breast self- exami-nation on women attending a public education center. Eur J Oncolo Nur.2008; 12(1):58-64.
[8]Fontana M, Bischoff A. Uptake of breast cancer screening measures among immigrant and Swiss women in Switzer-land. Swiss Med Wkly.2008; 138(49-50): 752-8.
[9]Kelly MA. Culturally appropriate breast health educational intervention program for African-American women. J Nati Black Nurses Assoc.2004; 15(1):36-47.
[10]Edelman CL, Mandel CL. Health promotion, throughout the lifespan.5thed. New York: Mosby; 2002. P: 246-9.
[11]Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice .4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008:45-62.
[12]Rahimikian F, Mirmohamadaliei M, Mehran A, Aboozari-Ghforoodi K, Salmaani Barough N. [Effect of Education Designed based on Health Belief Model on Choosing Delivery Mode]. Journal of Hayat.2009; 14(4&3):25-32. (Per-sian)
[13]Karimy M, Niknami SH, Amin Shokravi F, Shamsi M, Hatami A. [The Relationship of Breast self-examination with Self-esteem and Perceived Benefits/Barriers of Self-efficacy in Health Volunteers of Zarandieh City]. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases.2009; 2(2):41-8. (Persian)
[14]Moodi M, Norozi E, Rezaeiyan M, Mostafavi F, Sharifirad Gh. [Comparing the Effectiveness of Three Educational Interventions based on Health Belief Model on Mammography Screening Behaviors in Women above 40 Years in Isfahan, Iran]. Journal of Health System Research.2013; 9(4): 385-94. (Persian)
[15]Judkins AF, Boutwell WB. A model Program for Teaching Nurses Breast Assessment and Cancer Screening. J Contin Educ Nurs.1991; 22(6):233-6.
[16]Beydağ KD, Yürügen B. The effect of breast self-examination (Bse) education given to midwifery students on their knowledge and attitudes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2010; 11(6):1761-4.
[17]Navvabi Rigi Sh, Kerman Saravi F, Navidian A, Khazaiyan S, Sharaki poor M, Sharaki Sanavi F, and et al. [The effect of teaching breast self-examination based on health belief model in teachers in Zahedan]. Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal.2012; 1(1):24-30. (Persian)
[18]Ho TV. Effects of an educational intervention of breast cancer early screening and detection beliefs and practices in Vietnamese American women: a pilot study. The 17th International nursing research congress focusing on evidence-based practice: 2006 Jul. Montréal, Canada. Québec: QC H3B 2L7;2006.
[19]Crombie K, Hancock K, Chang E, Vardanega L, Wonghongkul T, Chanakok A, et al. Breast screening education at Australian and Thai worksites: A comparison of program effectiveness. Contemp Nurse.2005; 19(1&2): 181-96.
[20]Consedine NS, Magai C, Horton D, Neugut AI, Gillespie M. Health belief model factors in mammography screening: testing for interactions among subpopulations of Caribbean women. Ethn Dis.2005; 15(3):444-52.
[21]Karimy M, Hasani M, Khoram R, Ghaffari M, Niknami SH. [The Effect of Education Based on Health Belief Model on Breast Self- Examination in Health Liaisons of Zarandieh City]. Zahadan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2008; 10(4):283-91. (Persian)
[22]Rezaeian M, Sharifirad GH, Mostafavi F, Moodi M, Abbasi MH. The effects of breast cancer educational intervention on knowledge and health beliefs of women 40 years and older, Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot.2014; 3(43):59-64.
[23]James AS, Campbell MK, Hudson MA. Perceived barriers and benefits to colon cancer screening among African Americans in North Carolina: how does perception relate to screening behavior? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2002; 11(6): 529-34.
[24]Heidari M, Alhani F, Kazemnejad A, Moezzi F. [The effect of empowerment model on quality of life of Diabetic ado-lescents]. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2007; 17(1):87-94. (Persian)
[25]Karimy M, Montazeri A, Araban M. [The effect of an educational program based on health belief model on the em-powerment of rural women in prevention of brucellosis]. Arak Medical University Journal.2012; 14(6): 85-94. (Per-sian)
[26]Burak LJ, Meyer M. Using the Health Belief Model to examine and predict college women's cervical cancer screening beliefs and behavior. Health Care Women Int.1997; 18(3): 251-62.
[27]Kessler TA. Increasing mammography and cervical cancer knowledge and screening behaviors with an educational program. Oncol Nurs Forum.2012; 39(1):61-8.
[28]Rastad H, Shokohi L, Dehghani SL, Motamed Jahromi M. [Assessment of the Awareness and Practice of Women vis-à-vis Breast Self-Examination in Fasa in 2011]. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences.2013; 3(1):75-80. (Per-sian)