@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(4):243-249
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(4):243-249
Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale” in War Veterans
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Sadeghi M. (1)Taghva A. (*)
Goudarzi N. (2)
Rah Nejat A.M. (2)
(*) Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(1) Evaluation & Measurement Department, Psychology & Educational Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Aja University of Medical Sciences, Next to the 501 Hospital, West Fatemi Street, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 88661875
Fax: +98 (21) 22194140
ataghva@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: June 23, 2016Accepted: October 15, 2016
ePublished: November 21, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
After more than 25 years of Iran-Iraq war, it is required to have a standard and normalized tool to assess the post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) as a screening tool, based on the newest copy of the statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). The aim of the study was to investigate validity and reliability of the post-traumatic stress index (PCL-5) in the veterans.
Instrument & Methods In the applied descriptive study, 400 male veterans with chronic PTSD, who were residents of Tehran City and hospitalized in the army hospitals and being treated by the army psychologists and psychiatrists based on the diagnostic symptoms and signs, were studied from December 2015 to April 2016. The subjects were selected via purposeful and available sampling method. Data, collected by PCL-5, was analyzed through the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlational method, and Cronbach’s alpha, as well as retest.
Findings To explain and fit, the structure, based on four sub-scales, was proper. In addition, PCL-5 showed favorable convergent evidences (p=0.001; r=0.68). The credibility coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha and the index retest were more than 0.70 and satisfactory in the total scale and its dimensions.
Conclusion PCL-5 has proper validity and reliability and it can be used in the screening of the veterans.
Instrument & Methods In the applied descriptive study, 400 male veterans with chronic PTSD, who were residents of Tehran City and hospitalized in the army hospitals and being treated by the army psychologists and psychiatrists based on the diagnostic symptoms and signs, were studied from December 2015 to April 2016. The subjects were selected via purposeful and available sampling method. Data, collected by PCL-5, was analyzed through the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlational method, and Cronbach’s alpha, as well as retest.
Findings To explain and fit, the structure, based on four sub-scales, was proper. In addition, PCL-5 showed favorable convergent evidences (p=0.001; r=0.68). The credibility coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha and the index retest were more than 0.70 and satisfactory in the total scale and its dimensions.
Conclusion PCL-5 has proper validity and reliability and it can be used in the screening of the veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Sveen J, Bondjers K, Willebrand M. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5: A pilot study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016;7:10.
[2]Ikin JF, Creamer MC, Sim MR, McKenzie DP. Co-morbidity of PTSD and depression in Korean War veterans: Prevalence, predictors, and impairment. J Affect Disord. 2010;125(1-3):279-86.
[3]Rauch S, Favorite T, Giardino N, Porcari C, Defever E, Liberzon I. Relationship between anxiety, depression, and health satisfaction among veterans with PTSD. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1-2):165-8.
[4]Franciskovic T, Stevanovic A, Jelusic I, Roganovic B, Klaric M , Grkovic J. Secondary Traumatization of wives of war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Croat Med J. 2007;48(2):177-84.
[5]Fernandez M A, Short M. Wounded warriors with PTSD: A compilation of best practices and technology in treatment. Prof Couns. 2014;4(2):114-21.
[6]Xue C, Ge Y, Tang B, Liu Y, Kang P, Wang, M, et al. A meta-analysis of risk factors for combat-related PTSD among Military personnel and veterans. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120270.
[7]Badour CL, Blonigen DM, Boden MT, Feldner MT, Bonn-Miller MO. A longitudinal test of the bi-directional relations between avoidance coping and PTSD severity during and after PTSD treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50(10):610-6.
[8]Firuzabadi A, Farid AA, Mirzaee J, Shareh H. Normalization of clinician administered PTSD scale-version 1 (CAPS-1) for psychological effects due to war. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2010;15(4):334-42. [Persian]
[9]Norris FH, Perilla JL. The revised Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD: reliability, validity, and cross-language stability. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(2):285-98.
[10]Goudarzi MA. The validity and reliability of the scale of post-traumatic stress Mississippi (Mississippi scale). J Psychol. 2003;7(2):153-78. [Persian]
[11]Rossi A, Carmassi C, Daneluzzo E. Community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) and trauma and loss spectrum (TALS) 12 months after an earthquake in Italy. J Psychopathol. 2013;19:68-72.
[12]American Psychiatric Association. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
[13]Eifert GH, Forsyth JP, Arch J, Espejo E, Keller M, Langer D. Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: Tree case studies exemplifying a unified treatment protocol. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16(4):368-85.
[14]Orsillo SM, Batten SV. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Modif. 2005;29(1):95-129.
[15]Thompson RW, Arnkoff DB, Glass CR. Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2011;12(4):220-35.
[16]Marx BP, Sloan DM. Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(5):569-83.
[17]Morina N. The role of experiential avoidance in psychological functioning after war-related stress in Kosovar civilians. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(8):697-700.
[18]Nemati SH, Saeedi Moghadam M, Pirzadi H. Psychological consequences of the Iraqi war against Iran. J Sacred Defense. 2012;1(2):81-95. [Persian]
[19]Ghazanfari T, Faghihzadeh S, Aragizadeh H, Soroush MR, Yaraee R, Mohammad Hassani Z, et al. Sardasht-Iran cohort study of chemical warfare victims: Design and methods. Arch Iran Med. 2009;12(1):5-14.
[20]Shalev AY, Peri T, Canetti H, Schreiber S. Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: A prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(2):219-25.
[21]Kessler RC. Posttraumatic stress disorder: The burden to the indicidual and society. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(Suppl 5):4-12.
[22]Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 3rd edition. New York: HapperCollins; 1996.
[23]Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Honolulu: National Center for PTSD; 2013.
[24]Wortmann JH, Jordan AH, Weathers FW, Resick PA, Dondanville KA, Hall-Clark B, et al. Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(11):1392-1403.
[25]Sveen J, Bondjers K, Willebrand M. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5: A pilot study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016;7:10.