@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(3):20-27
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(3):20-27
Regular Breakfast Consumption and its Predictors Based on the Social Cognitive Theory in Female Students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Salimi N. (1)Karimi-Shahanjarini A. (2*)
(1) Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(2*) Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: November 9, 2014Accepted: February 18, 2018
ePublished: March 19, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Despite associating regular breakfast consumption habits with a range of health benefits, the rate of skipping the meal is high. The present study was conducted to determine the factors associated with breakfast consumption among female students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).
Materials & Methods The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 423 female students in different faculties of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through multistage random sampling. The frequency of breakfast consumption and SCT variables, including knowledge, hope, outcome expectancies, observational learning, social support and self-efficacy, was measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using the chi-square test, the correlation test and the linear regression analysis.
Findings 24% of the students stated that they always ate breakfast. 10% of the students skipped breakfast. On average, the students ate breakfast 4.2 times a week. Self-efficacy (P<0.001) and social support (P<0.001) were good predictors of breakfast consumption in the students. These two variables were able to predict 64% of the variance in breakfast habits
Conclusion The results show that self-efficacy and social support should be targeted in the design of interventions intending to increase breakfast consumption among female university students.
Materials & Methods The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 423 female students in different faculties of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through multistage random sampling. The frequency of breakfast consumption and SCT variables, including knowledge, hope, outcome expectancies, observational learning, social support and self-efficacy, was measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using the chi-square test, the correlation test and the linear regression analysis.
Findings 24% of the students stated that they always ate breakfast. 10% of the students skipped breakfast. On average, the students ate breakfast 4.2 times a week. Self-efficacy (P<0.001) and social support (P<0.001) were good predictors of breakfast consumption in the students. These two variables were able to predict 64% of the variance in breakfast habits
Conclusion The results show that self-efficacy and social support should be targeted in the design of interventions intending to increase breakfast consumption among female university students.
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Al-abed AA, Am R, Aljunid SM. Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J.2012; 11:48.
[26]Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E, Maccann C. Predicting breakfast consumption: A comparison of the theory of planned behaviour and the health action process approach. British Food Journal.2013; 115(11):1638-57.
[27]Namakin K, Moasheri N, Khosravi S. [Studying Birjand Girls' secondary school students' nutritional pattern]. Modern Care Journal.2013; 9(3):264-72. (Persian)
[28]El Hamid Hussein RA. Socioeconomic status and dietary habits as predictors of home breakfast skipping in young women. J Egypt Public Health Assoc.2014; 89(2):100-4.
[29]Soleimani N, khani S. [Effect of breakfast eating on the cognitive performance and educational achievement of the fourth grade students of elementary schools of garmsar in the academic year of 2010-11]. Curriculum Planning Knowledge & Research in Educational Sciences.2014; 11(13):139-50. (Persian)
[30] Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E. Predicting adolescent breakfast consumption in the UK and Australia using an extended theory of planned behaviour. Appetite.2013; 62:127-32.
[31] Schulz U, Schwartzberg R. Long- term effects of spousal support on coping with cancer after surgery. J Soc Clin Psychol.2004; 23(5):16-32.
[32]Bruening M, Eisenberg M, MacLehose R, Nanney MS, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Relationship between adolescents' and their friends' eating behaviors: breakfast, fruit, vegetable, whole-grain, and dairy intake. J Acad Nutr Diet.2012; 112(10):1608-13.
[33] Ali MM, Amialchuk A, Heiland FW. Weight-related behavior among adolescents: the role of peer effects. PLoS One.2011; 6(6):e21179.
[34]Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E, O'Moore K, Pickles K, Sainsbury K. An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context. BMC Public Health.2014; 14:264.
[35]Najimi A, Ghaffari M, Alidousti M. [Social cognitive correlates of fruit and vegetables consumption among students: a cross-sectional research]. Pajoohandeh Journal.2012; 17(2):81-6. (Persian)
[36]Berg C, Jonsson I, Conner M. Understanding choice of milk and bread for breakfast among Swedish children aged 11-15 years: an application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite.2000; 34(1):5-19.
[37] Dehdari T, Rahimi T, Aryaeian N, Gohari MR. Effect of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. Public Health Nutr.2014; 17(3):657-66.
[38] Bruening M, Kubik MY, Kenyon D, Davey C, Story M. Perceived barriers mediate the association between selfefficacy and fruit and vegetable consumption among students attending alternative high schools. J Am Diet Assoc.2010; 110(10):1542-6.
[2] Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc.2005; 105(5):743-60.
[3]Dye L, Blundell J. Functional foods: psychological and behavioural functions. Br J Nutr.2002; 88(2):S187-211.
[4]Benton D, Nabb S. Carbohydrate, memory, and mood. Nutr Rev.2003; 61(5):S61-7.
[5] Song WO, Chun OK, Obayashi S, Cho S, Chung CE. Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults?. J Am Diet Assoc.2005; 105(9):1373-82.
[6] van der Heijden AA, Hu FB, Rimm EB, van Dam RM. A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among US men. Obesity(Silver Spring).2007; 15(10):2463-9.
[7] Timlin MT, Pereira MA, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective analysis of adolescents: Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). Pediatrics.2008; 121(3):e638-45.
[8] Szajewska H, Ruszczynski M. Systematic review demonstrating that breakfast consumption influences body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2010; 50(2): 113-99.
[9]Timlin MT, Pereira MA. Breakfast frequency and quality in the etiology of adult obesity and chronic diseases. Nutr Rev.2007; 65(6):268-81.
[10]Benton D, Brock H. Mood and the macro-nutrient composition of breakfast and the mid-day meal. Appetite.2010; 55(3):436-40.
[11]Fujiwara T. Skipping breakfast is associated with dysmenorrhea in young women in Japan. Int J Food Sci Nutr.2003; 54(6):505-9.
[12]Mullan BA, Singh M. A systematic review of the quality, content, and context of breakfast consumption. Nutrition & Food Science.2010; 40(1):81-114.
[13]Vereecken C, Dupuy M, Rasmussen M, Kelly C, Nansel TR, Al Sabbah H, et al. Breakfast consumption and its socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates in schoolchildren in 41 countries participating in the HBSC study. Int J Public Health.2009; 54(2):180-90.
[14]Sun J, Yi H, Liu Z, Wu Y, Bian J, Wu Y, et al. Factors associated with skipping breakfast among Inner Mongolia Medical students in China. BMC Public Health.2013; 13:42.
[15]Azadbakht L, Shirani F, Esmaillzadeh A. [Dietary intake and habits of female students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran]. Scientific Research Journal of Health Systems Research.2012; 8(5):876-86. (Persian)
[16]Sandercock G, Voss C, Dye L. Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr.2010; 64(10):1086-92.
[17] Hoyland A, Dye L, Lawton CL. A systematic review of the effect of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children and adolescents. Nutr Res Rev.2009; 22(2):220-43.
[18] Moore L, Moore GF, Tapper K, Lynch R, Desousa C, Hale J, et al. Free breakfasts in schools: design and conduct of a cluster randomised controlled trial of the Primary School Free Breakfast Initiative in Wales [ISRCTN18336527]. BMC Public Health.2007; 7:258.
[19]Dwyer JT, Evans M, Stone EJ, Feldman HA, Lytle L, Hoelscher D, et al. Adolescents’ eating patterns influence their nutrient intakes. J Am Diet Assoc.2001; 101(7):798-802.
[20]Williams P. Breakfast and the diets of Australian children and adolescents: an analysis of data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Int J Food Sci Nutr.2007; 58(3):201-16.
[21]Keski-Rahkonen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Virkkunen M, Rose RJ. Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr.2003; 57(7):842-53.
[22]Rahimi T, Dehdari T, Ariaeian N, Gohari M. [Survey of breakfast consumption status and its predictors among Qom students based on the Pender's health promotion model constructs]. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology.2012; 7(2):75-84. (Persian)
[23]Reeves S, Halsey LG, McMeel Y, Huber JW. Breakfast habits, beliefs and measures of health and wellbeing in a nationally representative UK sample. Appetite.2013; 60(1):51-7.
[24]Karimi B, Sadat-Hashemi M, Habibian H. [Study of the breakfast habits and its relationship with some factors in Semnan (Iran) pupils]. Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences.2008; 9(4):285-92. (Persian)
[25]Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Al-abed AA, Am R, Aljunid SM. Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J.2012; 11:48.
[26]Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E, Maccann C. Predicting breakfast consumption: A comparison of the theory of planned behaviour and the health action process approach. British Food Journal.2013; 115(11):1638-57.
[27]Namakin K, Moasheri N, Khosravi S. [Studying Birjand Girls' secondary school students' nutritional pattern]. Modern Care Journal.2013; 9(3):264-72. (Persian)
[28]El Hamid Hussein RA. Socioeconomic status and dietary habits as predictors of home breakfast skipping in young women. J Egypt Public Health Assoc.2014; 89(2):100-4.
[29]Soleimani N, khani S. [Effect of breakfast eating on the cognitive performance and educational achievement of the fourth grade students of elementary schools of garmsar in the academic year of 2010-11]. Curriculum Planning Knowledge & Research in Educational Sciences.2014; 11(13):139-50. (Persian)
[30] Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E. Predicting adolescent breakfast consumption in the UK and Australia using an extended theory of planned behaviour. Appetite.2013; 62:127-32.
[31] Schulz U, Schwartzberg R. Long- term effects of spousal support on coping with cancer after surgery. J Soc Clin Psychol.2004; 23(5):16-32.
[32]Bruening M, Eisenberg M, MacLehose R, Nanney MS, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Relationship between adolescents' and their friends' eating behaviors: breakfast, fruit, vegetable, whole-grain, and dairy intake. J Acad Nutr Diet.2012; 112(10):1608-13.
[33] Ali MM, Amialchuk A, Heiland FW. Weight-related behavior among adolescents: the role of peer effects. PLoS One.2011; 6(6):e21179.
[34]Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E, O'Moore K, Pickles K, Sainsbury K. An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context. BMC Public Health.2014; 14:264.
[35]Najimi A, Ghaffari M, Alidousti M. [Social cognitive correlates of fruit and vegetables consumption among students: a cross-sectional research]. Pajoohandeh Journal.2012; 17(2):81-6. (Persian)
[36]Berg C, Jonsson I, Conner M. Understanding choice of milk and bread for breakfast among Swedish children aged 11-15 years: an application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite.2000; 34(1):5-19.
[37] Dehdari T, Rahimi T, Aryaeian N, Gohari MR. Effect of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. Public Health Nutr.2014; 17(3):657-66.
[38] Bruening M, Kubik MY, Kenyon D, Davey C, Story M. Perceived barriers mediate the association between selfefficacy and fruit and vegetable consumption among students attending alternative high schools. J Am Diet Assoc.2010; 110(10):1542-6.