ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Bagheri   A. (1)
Faeghi   F. (*)
Rabbani   M. (2)
Jabbari   K. (3)






(*) Radiology Technology Department, Allied Medical Sciences School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(1) International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(2) Radiology Department, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
(3) Medical Physics & Engineering Department, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Para Medical University, Darband Street, Tehran, Iran
Phone: +982122718531
Fax: +982122721150
f.faeghi@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:   April  4, 2015
Accepted:   June 24, 2015
ePublished:   September 20, 2015

ABSTRACT

Aims Magnetic resonance venography based on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) utilizes deoxygenated hemoglobin in veins as an intrinsic contrast medium. Magnetic susceptibility difference between deoxygenated hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin and parenchyma lead to an excellent venous contrast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different magnetic resonance imaging sequences and susceptibility weighted imaging in the visualization of sinus venous thrombosis.
Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in Shafa Medical Imaging Center in Isfahan City, Iran, from August 2013 to September 2014 and 12 patients with sinus venous thrombosis were analyzed using MRI, SWI, and Phase contrast-magnetic resonance venography (PC-MRV).
Findings In all patients, sub-acute superior sagittal sinus, transverse and sigmoid sinuses thrombosis was most successfully detected during the susceptibility weighted imaging. In only one case, the sub-acute left transverse and sigmoid sinuses and left jugular vein of thrombosis was discernible with T1W. In 6 patients, sinus venous thrombosis was discernible with T2W in the sub-acute stage. PC-MRV showed the acute and sub-acute sinus venous thrombosis in all patients.
Conclusion Susceptibility weighted imaging has a high diagnostic value for detecting sub-acute superior sagittal sinus, transverse and sigmoid sinuses thrombosis.

Keywords: Susceptibility Weighted Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Venous Thrombosis ,

CITATION LINKS

[1]Barnett HJ, Hyland HH. Noninfective intracranial venous thrombosis. Brain. 1953;76(1):36-49.
[2]Linn J, Brückmann H. Cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis*: State-of-the-art imaging. Clin Neuroradiol. 2010;20(1):25-37.
[3]Selim M, Fink J, Linfante I, Kumar S, Schlaug G, Caplan LR. Diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis with echo-planar T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(6):1021–6.
[4]Caso V, Agnelli G, Paciaroni M. Handbook on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Basel: Karger; 2008.
[5]Connor SE, Jarosz JM. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Clin Radiol. 2002;57(6):449-61.
[6]Kim BS, Do HM, Marks MP. Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis. Semin Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke. 2004;4(4):205-16.
[7]Sajjad Z. MRI and MRV in cerebral venous thrombosis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2006;56(11):523-6.
[8]Eichler F, Krishnamoorthy K, Grant PE. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of possible neonatal sinovenous thrombosis. Pediatr Neurol. 2007;37(5):317-23.
[9]Cao G, Parker DL, Sherrill DS, Du YP. Abbreviated moment-compensated phase encoding. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(2):179-85.
[10]Haacke EM, Reichenbach JR. Susceptibility weighted imaging in MRI : Basic concepts and clinical applications. Canada: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
[11]Lee BC, Vo KD, Kido DK, Mukherjee P, Reichenbach J, Lin W, et al. MR high-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent venography of occult (low-flow) vascular lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(7):1239-42.
[12]Reichenbach JR, Haacke EM. High-resolution BOLD venographic imaging: A window into brain functio. NMR Biomed. 2001;14(7-8):453-67.
[13]Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, Reichenbach JR. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med. 2004;52(3):612–8.
[14]Sehgal V, Delproposto Z, Haacke EM, Tong KA, Wycliffe N, Kido DK, et al. Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility- weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;22(4):439-50.
[15]Matsushita T, Anami D, Arioka T, Inoue S, Kariya Y, Fujimoto M, et al. Basic study of susceptibility-weighted imaging at 1.5T. Acta Med Okayama. 2008;62(3):159-68.
[16]Haacke EM, Mittal S, Wu Z, Neelavalli J, Cheng Y-CN. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: Technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(1):19-30.
[17]Nair JR, Van Hecke W, De Belder F, Venstermans C, van den Hauwe L, Van Goethem J, et al. High-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging at 3 T with a 32-channel head coil: Technique and clinical applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(4):1007-14.
[18]Robinson RJ, Bhuta S. Susceptibility-weighted imaging of the brain: current utility and potential applications. J Neuroimaging. 2011;21(4):189-204.
[19]Meoded A1, Poretti A, Northington FJ, Tekes A, Intrapiromkul J, Huisman TA. Susceptibility weighted imaging of the neonatal brain. Clin Radiol. 2012;67(8):793-801.
[20]Zee CS. Yan Ch. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging at Ultra-High Field (7 T) in the Evaluation of Brain Tumors. World Neurosurg. 2012;77(5-6):654-6.
[21]Tsui YK, Tsai FY, Hasso AN, Greensite F, Nguyen BV. Susceptibility-weighted imaging for differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular pathology: A pictorial review. J Neurol Sci. 2009;287(1-2):7-16.
[22]Ihn YK, Jung WS, Hwang SS. The value of T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI for the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Clin Imaging. 2013;37(3):446-50.
[23]Altinkaya N, Demir S, Alkan O, Tan M. Diagnostic value of T2 * -weighted gradient-echo MRI for segmental evaluation in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Clin Imaging. 2015;39(1):15-9.
[24]Bousser MG, Crassard I. Cerebral venous thrombosis , pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Thromb Res. 2012;130(Suppl.1):S19-22.
[25]Ameri A, Bousser MG. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurol Clin. 1992;10(1):87-111.
[26]Daif A, Awada A, al-Rajeh S, Abduljabbar M, al Tahan AR, Obeid T, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis in adults. A study of 40 cases from Saudi Arabia. Stroke. 1995;26(7):1193-5.
[27]Leach JL, Fortuna RB, Jones BV, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: Current techniques, spectrum of fi ndings, and diagnostic pitfalls. Radio Graphics. 2006;26(Suppl.1):S19-41.
[28]Leach JL, Strub WM, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Cerebral venous thrombus signal intensity and susceptibility effects on gradient recalled-echo MR imaging. 2007;28(5):940-5.
[29]Idbaih A, Boukobza M, Crassard I, Porcher R, Bousser MG, Chabriat H. MRI of clot in cerebral venous thrombosis: High diagnostic value of susceptibility-weighted images. Stroke. 2006;37(4):991-5.