@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):237-250
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):237-250
Analysis of Structural Factors Affecting the Institutional Development of Rural Areas of Bouin Zahra and Avaj Counties, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Mahmoodi ُS. (*1)Jangchi Kashani S. (2)
Nikbakht M. (3)
(*1) Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
(2) Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture , Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Teh-ran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, kilometers 6 of Rasht-Tehran Road, Guilan Province, Iran. Postal Code: 4199613776.Phone: +98 (13) 33690274
Fax: +98 (13) 33690280
smahmoodi@guilan.ac.ir
Article History
Received: July 5, 2020Accepted: July 23, 2020
ePublished: October 1, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Institutionalism fundamentally addresses the fact that each geographical space has its own institutional and indigenous content and therefore its development path should be separate. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural factors affecting institutional development in rural areas of Buin Zahra and Avaj counties.
Methodology This research is a combination of survey and analytical-structural methods. In order to determine the study area, 18 villages were selected from a total of 190 villages with more than 20 households in Buin Zehra and Avaj counties by distributing clusters according to the distance and proximity of the village to the city and the population. The sample size was 378 people by Cochran’s method. In order to explain and analyze the factors affecting institutional development in the study area, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), structural equation modeling and TOPSIS technique were used.
Findings Satisfaction with the performance of existing institutions in the village, knowledge and awareness of the nature, duties of institutions, institutional trust, social solidarity, human capacity, social networks and incentives and institutional capacity had an important impact on the institutional development of rural areas. There was also a difference in terms of institutional development between villages with high populations; so that, 22.2% (4 villages) were at the privileged level, 33.4% (6 villages) were at the semi-privileged level and 44.4% (8 villages) were at the highly privileged level. The reason for this was the proximity to urban centers after road and population indicators.
Conclusion Considering the institutional development coefficients, it can be claim that the level of institutional development of rurals decreases from the southeast and the center to the west and away from the city center.
Methodology This research is a combination of survey and analytical-structural methods. In order to determine the study area, 18 villages were selected from a total of 190 villages with more than 20 households in Buin Zehra and Avaj counties by distributing clusters according to the distance and proximity of the village to the city and the population. The sample size was 378 people by Cochran’s method. In order to explain and analyze the factors affecting institutional development in the study area, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), structural equation modeling and TOPSIS technique were used.
Findings Satisfaction with the performance of existing institutions in the village, knowledge and awareness of the nature, duties of institutions, institutional trust, social solidarity, human capacity, social networks and incentives and institutional capacity had an important impact on the institutional development of rural areas. There was also a difference in terms of institutional development between villages with high populations; so that, 22.2% (4 villages) were at the privileged level, 33.4% (6 villages) were at the semi-privileged level and 44.4% (8 villages) were at the highly privileged level. The reason for this was the proximity to urban centers after road and population indicators.
Conclusion Considering the institutional development coefficients, it can be claim that the level of institutional development of rurals decreases from the southeast and the center to the west and away from the city center.
Keywords:
Institutional Development,
Structural Factors,
Structural Equation Modeling,
Rural Areas,
Bouin Zahra and Avaj Counties,
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[32]- Pelletier B, Hickey GM, Bothi KL, Mude A (2016). Linking rural livelihood resilience and food security: an international challenge. Journal of Food Security. 8(3):469-476.
[33]- Pike A, Rodriguez-Pose A, Tomaney J (2008). Local and regional development. Journal of Economic Geography. 84(2):241-2.
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[37]- Shaner J, Maznevski M (2011). The relathionshp between networks, institutional development, and performance in foreign investments. Strategis Management Journal. 32(5):556-568.
[38]- Tabellini G (2008). Presidential address institutions and culture. Journal of the European Economic Association. 6(2-3):255-294.
[39]- Wang Y (2020). Institutional interaction and decision making in China’s rural development. Journal of Rural Studies. 76:111-119.
[40]- Willems S, Baumert K (2003). Institutional capacity and climate actions. Paris: OECD Publication.
[41]- Yang X, Nie Z, Qiu J, Tu, Q (2020). Institutional preferences, social preferences and cooperation: Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural China. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 87:101554.
[2]- Aheibwe G, Mbowa S, Lwanga MM (2013). Youth engagement in agriculture in Uganda: challenges and prospects. Economic Policy Research Center (EPRC). 106:1-48.
[3]- Ahmed I (2020). Explaining Rwanda’s prioritisation of rural electrification over rural clean drinking water through institutional path dependency. Journal of Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. 54:186-201.
[4]- Alam GMM, Alam K, Mushtaq S (2016). Influence of institutional access and social capital on adaptation decision: Empirical evidence from hazard-prone rural households in Bangladesh. Journal of Ecological Economics. 130:243-251.
[5]- Alam GMM, Alam K, Mushtaq S, Filho WL (2018). How do climate change and associated hazards impact on the resilience of riparian rural communities in Bangladesh? Policy implications for livelihood development. Journal of Environmental Science and Policy. 84:7-18.
[6]- Barua A, Katyaini S, Mili B, Gooch P (2014). Climate change and poverty: building resilience of rural mountain communities in South Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya. Journal of Regional Environmental Change. 14:267-280.
[7]- Bhagavan MR, Virgin I (2004). Generic aspects of institutional capacity development in developing countries. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
[8]- Bryan E, Deressa TT, Gbetibouo GA, Ringler C (2009). Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 12(4):413-426.
[9]- Chen H, Wang J, Huang J (2014). Policy support, social capital, and farmers' adaptation to drought in China. Journal of Global Environmental Change. 24:193-202.
[10]- Clark D, Southern R, Beer J (2007). Rural governance, community empowerment and the new institutionalism: A case study of the Isle of Wight. Journal of Rural Studies. 23(2):254-266.
[11]- Conneely R, Mahon M (2015). Protected geographical indications: Institutional roles in food systems governance and rural development. Journal of Geoforum. 60:14-21.
[12]- Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C, Alemu T, Yesuf M (2009). Determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Journal of Global Environmental Change. 19(2):248-255.
[13]- Faraji Rad K, Kazemian G (2013). Local and regional development from the perspective of institutional approach. Tehran: Jihad Daneshgahi Publishing. [Persian]
[14]- Fisher JG (1998). Contingency theory, management control systems and firm outcomes: past results and future directions. Journal of Behavioral Research in Accounting. 10:47-64.
[15]- Friis-Hansen E (2008). Impact assessment of farmer institutional development and agricultural change: Soroti district, Uganda. Journal of Development in Practice. 18(4-5):506-523.
[16]- Gebrehiwot T, Veen VDA (2013). Farm level adaptation to climate change: the case of farmer's in the Ethiopian highlands. Journal of Environmental Management. 52:29-44.
[17]- Gibbs DC, Jonas AEG, Reimer S, Spooner DJ (2001). Governance, institutional capacity and partnership in local economic development: theoretical issues and empirical evidence from the Humber Sub‐region. The Institute of British Geographers. 26(1):103-119.
[18]- Heslop VR (2006). Institutional capacity to progress sustainable development in New Zealand: What will it take?. Wellington: Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment.
[19]- Husted BW (1994). Transaction costs, norms, and social networks: a preliminary study of cooperation in industrial Buyer-Seller Relationships in the United States and Mexico. Journal of Business & Society. 33(1):30-57.
[20]- Inglehart R, Baker WE (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. Journal of American Sociological Review. 65(1):19-51.
[21]- Islam R, Walkerden G (2015). How do links between households and NGOs promote disaster resilience and recovery? A case study of linking social networks on the Bangladeshi coast. Journal of Natural Hazards. 78:1707-1727.
[22]- Kadushin C (2002). The motivational foundations of social networks. Journal of Social Networks. 24(1):77-91.
[23]- Kamei K (2016). Democracy and resilient pro-social behavioral change: an experimental study. Journal of Social Choice and Welfare. 47(2):359-378.
[24]- Kazemian G, Faraji Rad K, Rokneddin Eftekhari A, Pourtaheri M (2012). Assessment of the Regional Institutional Capacity and Formulating of the Appropriate Strategies (Case Study: Boukan and Orumiyeh County). Journal of Urban Staudies. 1(2):23-39. [Persian].
[25]- Kurukulasuriya P, Mendelsohn R (2008). A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(1):1-23.
[26]- Lobao L, Martin R, Rodriguez-Pose A (2009). Editorial: Rescaling the state: new modes of institutional-territorial https://academic.oup.com/cjres/article-abstract/2/1/3/343299?redirectedFrom=fulltext
[27]- Long R, Fink M (2019). Rural social entrepreneurship: The role of social capital within and across institutional levels. Journal of Rural Studies. 70:155-168.
[28]- Lowndes V (2001). Rescuing Aunt Sally: taking institutional theory seriously in urban politics. Journal of Urban studies. 38(11):1953-1971.
[29]- Mortazavi M, Khaef Elahi A (2006). Develop a change in the management of the agricultural sector with the approach of developing and strengthening non-governmental organizations. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development. 13:73-91. [Persian]
[30]- Nalere P, Yago M, Oriel K (2015). The contribution of rural institutions to rural development: Study of smallholder farmer groups and NGOs in Uganda. International NGO Journal. 10(4):37-51.
[31]- Ostrom E (1990). Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. 1st edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[32]- Pelletier B, Hickey GM, Bothi KL, Mude A (2016). Linking rural livelihood resilience and food security: an international challenge. Journal of Food Security. 8(3):469-476.
[33]- Pike A, Rodriguez-Pose A, Tomaney J (2008). Local and regional development. Journal of Economic Geography. 84(2):241-2.
[34]- Rokneddin Eftekhari A, Badri A (2012). Theoretical foundations of the development pattern of the sample village. Rasht: Provincial Governor of Gilan. [Persian]
[35]- Sadeghi H, Seidaei E, Ghobadi S, Salehi M (2016). Evaluating the performance of institutions and organizations related to rural sustainability Case: Dehdez district in Izeh County. Journal Space Economy & Rural Development. 5(16):119-140. [Persian].
[36]- Shamsoddini A, Jamini D (2016). Performance valuation of responsible institutions in the development of rural settlements by using the structural equation modeling approach (case study: Javanrood Township). Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 14(43):35-50. [Persian].
[37]- Shaner J, Maznevski M (2011). The relathionshp between networks, institutional development, and performance in foreign investments. Strategis Management Journal. 32(5):556-568.
[38]- Tabellini G (2008). Presidential address institutions and culture. Journal of the European Economic Association. 6(2-3):255-294.
[39]- Wang Y (2020). Institutional interaction and decision making in China’s rural development. Journal of Rural Studies. 76:111-119.
[40]- Willems S, Baumert K (2003). Institutional capacity and climate actions. Paris: OECD Publication.
[41]- Yang X, Nie Z, Qiu J, Tu, Q (2020). Institutional preferences, social preferences and cooperation: Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural China. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 87:101554.