@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(3):149-154
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(3):149-154
Effect of crust and seed hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts and pulp hydro-alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis on glucose, insulin and FIRI level in insulin resistant male rat’s
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Ahangarpour A. (*)Oroojan A. A. (1)
(*) Diabetes Research Center, Health Institute & Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
(1) Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Correspondence
Address:Phone: +986113367543
Fax: +986113332036
akramahangarpour@gmail.com
Article History
Received: April 7, 2013Accepted: August 11, 2013
ePublished: October 3, 2013
ABSTRACT
Aims
The most common use of Citrullus colocynthis is to treat diabetes and decrease blood glucose in Iranian traditional medicine. Due to the effects of fructose on increasing glucose and creating insulin resistant (IR) models, this study aimed to compare the effect of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis extract on insulin resistant of male rats.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 63 adult male Wistar rats were used. After making IR with fructose 10% induced in drinking water for 8 weeks, the animals were divided into 7 (control, sham, aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of crust and seed and hydro-alcoholic extracts of pulp) groups. After separation of serums, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index were measured. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests.
Findings Hydro-alcoholic extract of crust increased glucose in comparison with control group (p<0.05). Glucose level was decreased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with sham group (p<0.05). Weight was increased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with control (p<0.01) and sham (p<0.05) groups. Hydro-alcoholic extract of crust leads to decreasing insulin in comparison with sham group (p<0.05). In Hydro-alcoholic extract of seed’s group, insulin level was increased compared with control group (p<0.01). Insulin level was increased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with control (p<0.001) and sham(p<0.05) groups.
Conclusion The most effective part of Citrullus colocynthis in treatment of diabetes type II is seed and the most harmful part is crust.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 63 adult male Wistar rats were used. After making IR with fructose 10% induced in drinking water for 8 weeks, the animals were divided into 7 (control, sham, aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of crust and seed and hydro-alcoholic extracts of pulp) groups. After separation of serums, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index were measured. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests.
Findings Hydro-alcoholic extract of crust increased glucose in comparison with control group (p<0.05). Glucose level was decreased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with sham group (p<0.05). Weight was increased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with control (p<0.01) and sham (p<0.05) groups. Hydro-alcoholic extract of crust leads to decreasing insulin in comparison with sham group (p<0.05). In Hydro-alcoholic extract of seed’s group, insulin level was increased compared with control group (p<0.01). Insulin level was increased in aqueous extract of seed group in comparison with control (p<0.001) and sham(p<0.05) groups.
Conclusion The most effective part of Citrullus colocynthis in treatment of diabetes type II is seed and the most harmful part is crust.
CITATION LINKS
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[2] Daily G. New strategies for basal insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2004;26(6):889-901.
[3] Borai A, Livingstone C, Kaddam I, Ferns G. Selection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11:158.
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[6] Kamide K, Rakugi H, Higaki J, Okamura A, Nagai M, Moriguchi K, et al. The renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous system in cardiac hypertrophy in fructose-fed rats. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15(1):66-71.
[7] Katovich MJ, Reaves PY, Francis SC, Pachori AS, Wang HW, Raizada MK. Gene therapy attenuates the elevated blood pressure and glucose intolerance in an insulinresistant model of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001;19(9):1553-8.
[8] Zareei Mahmoudabadi AB, Fallahhosseini F, Sharifabady R, Nourouzzadeh A, Imani H, Ghoshouni H. The effect of Citrullus colocynthis extract on preventing/reducing streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat. Kowsar Med J. 2007;12(1):13-20. [Persian]
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[11] Al-Yahya MA, Al-Farhan AH, Adam SEI. Preliminary toxicity study on the individual and cambined effect of Citrullus colocynthis and Nerium oleander in rats. Fitoterapia. 2000;71(4):385-91.
[12]Yesilada E, Tanaka S, Sezik E, Tabata M. Isolation of an anti-inflammatory principle from the fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium. J Nat Prod. 1988;51(3):504-8.
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[14] Patel D, Prasad S, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(4):320-30.
[15] AlGhaithi F, ElRidi MR, Adeghate E, Amiri MH. Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;261(1):143-9.
[16] Rahimi R, Amin G, Ardekani MR. A review on Citrullus colocynthis Schrad: From traditional Iranian medicine to modern phytotherapy. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(6):551-4.
[17] Dehghani F, Panjehshahin MR. The toxic effect of alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis on rat liver. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 2006;5(2):117-9. [Persian]
[18] Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA. Effect of crust and seed’s aqueous extract and hydro-alcoholic extracts of crust, seed and pulp of Citrullus colocynthis on lipid’s factors and hepatic enzyme in fructose-fed male rats. Babol Univ Med Sci J. 2012;14(4):53-60. [Persian]
[19] Qazan WSh, Almasad MM, Daradka H. Short and long effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. on reproductive system and fertility in female Spague-Dawley rats. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007;10(16):2699-703.
[20] Jalal R, Bagheri SM, Moghimi A, Rasuli MB. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous shallot and garlic extracts in rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007;41(3):218-23.
[21] Elahi-Moghaddam Z, Behnam-Rassouli M, Mahdavi- Shahri N, Hajinejad-Boshroue R, Khajouee E. Comparative study on the effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on structural changes and hormonal output of the adrenal cortex in male Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):9.
[22] Seneff S, Wainwright G, Mascitelli L. Is the metabolic syndrome caused by a high fructose, and relatively low fat, low cholesterol diet? Arch Med Sci. 2011;7(1):8-20.
[23] Bi XP, Tan HW, Xing SS, Wang ZH, Tang MX, Zhang Y, et al. Overexpression of TRB3 gene in adipose tissue of rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Endocr J. 2008;55(4):747-52.
[24] Bi XP, Tan HW, Xing SS, Wang ZH, Tang MX, Zhang Y, et al. Overexpression of TRB3 gene in adipose tissue of rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Endocr J. 2008;55(4):747-52.
[25] Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th ed. Washington DC: National Academies Press; 2011.
[26] Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA. The effects of Cassia italica leaves aqueous extract on non-pregnant uterus contraction in rats. IJRM. 2010;8(4):179-84.
[27] Gharib Naseri MK, Yahyavi H. Spasmolytic activity of Piper nigrum fruit aqueous extract on rat non-pregnant uterus. IJPT. 2007;6(1):35-40.
[28] Gharib Naseri MK, Arabian M, Badavi M, Ahangarpour A. Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Allium cepa peel hydroalcoholic extract in rat. Pak J Biol Sci. 2008;11(12):1569-75.
[29] Ahangarpour A, Mohammadian M, Dianat M. Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcholic Urtica dioica leaf extract in male rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance. IJMS. 2012;37(3):181-6.
[30] Ahangarpour A, Yhyavi H. Effect of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes on blood glucose, lipid, insulin and hepatic enzymes in insulin resistance model of male rats. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2011;5(2):70-5.
[31] Nagai Y, Ichihara A, Nakano D, Kimura S, Pelisch N, Fujisawa Y, et al. Possible contribution of the nonproteolytic activation of prorenin to the development of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol. 2009;94(9):1016-23.
[32] Bezerra RM, Ueno M, Silva MS, Tavares DQ, Carvalho CR, Saad MJ, et al. A high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance but not blood pressure changes in normotensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34(9):1155-60.
[33] Nmila R, Gross R, Rchid H, Roye M, Manteghetti M, Petit P, et al. Insulinotropic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extracts. Planta Med. 2000;66(5):418-23.
[34] Ramachandran B, Ravi K, Narayanan V, Kandaswamy M, Subramanian S. Protective effect of acrocyclic binuclear oxovanadium complex on oxidative stress in pancreas of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2004;149(1):9-21.
[35] Jeyanthi KA, Mary Violet Christy A. Antioxidant effect of Citrullus colocynthis on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2011;2(2):697-701.
[36] Lakshmi B, Sendrayaperumal V, Subramanian S. Beneficial effects of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extract studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013;19(1):47-55.
[37] Abdel-Hassan IA, Abdel-Barry JA, Tariq Mohammeda S. The hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit aqueous extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1- 2):325-30.
[2] Daily G. New strategies for basal insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2004;26(6):889-901.
[3] Borai A, Livingstone C, Kaddam I, Ferns G. Selection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11:158.
[4] Dai S, McNeill JH. Fructose-induced hypertension in rats is concentration- and duration-dependent. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1995;33(2):101-7.
[5] Hsieh PS, Tai YH, Loh CH, Shih KC, Cheng WT, Chu CH. Functional interaction of AT1 and AT2 receptors in fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. Metabolism. 2005;54(2):157-64.
[6] Kamide K, Rakugi H, Higaki J, Okamura A, Nagai M, Moriguchi K, et al. The renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous system in cardiac hypertrophy in fructose-fed rats. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15(1):66-71.
[7] Katovich MJ, Reaves PY, Francis SC, Pachori AS, Wang HW, Raizada MK. Gene therapy attenuates the elevated blood pressure and glucose intolerance in an insulinresistant model of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001;19(9):1553-8.
[8] Zareei Mahmoudabadi AB, Fallahhosseini F, Sharifabady R, Nourouzzadeh A, Imani H, Ghoshouni H. The effect of Citrullus colocynthis extract on preventing/reducing streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat. Kowsar Med J. 2007;12(1):13-20. [Persian]
[9] Zargari A. Medicinal plants. 6th ed. Tehran: Tehran University Publications; 1996. [Persian]
[10] Elawad AA, Abdel Bari EM, Mahmoud OM, Adam SE. The effect of Citrullus colocynthis on sheep. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1984;26(6):481-5.
[11] Al-Yahya MA, Al-Farhan AH, Adam SEI. Preliminary toxicity study on the individual and cambined effect of Citrullus colocynthis and Nerium oleander in rats. Fitoterapia. 2000;71(4):385-91.
[12]Yesilada E, Tanaka S, Sezik E, Tabata M. Isolation of an anti-inflammatory principle from the fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium. J Nat Prod. 1988;51(3):504-8.
[13] Borhade P, Deshmukh T, Patil V, Khandelwal K. Review on Citrullus colocynthis. IJRPC. 2013;3(1):46-53.
[14] Patel D, Prasad S, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(4):320-30.
[15] AlGhaithi F, ElRidi MR, Adeghate E, Amiri MH. Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;261(1):143-9.
[16] Rahimi R, Amin G, Ardekani MR. A review on Citrullus colocynthis Schrad: From traditional Iranian medicine to modern phytotherapy. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(6):551-4.
[17] Dehghani F, Panjehshahin MR. The toxic effect of alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis on rat liver. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 2006;5(2):117-9. [Persian]
[18] Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA. Effect of crust and seed’s aqueous extract and hydro-alcoholic extracts of crust, seed and pulp of Citrullus colocynthis on lipid’s factors and hepatic enzyme in fructose-fed male rats. Babol Univ Med Sci J. 2012;14(4):53-60. [Persian]
[19] Qazan WSh, Almasad MM, Daradka H. Short and long effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. on reproductive system and fertility in female Spague-Dawley rats. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007;10(16):2699-703.
[20] Jalal R, Bagheri SM, Moghimi A, Rasuli MB. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous shallot and garlic extracts in rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007;41(3):218-23.
[21] Elahi-Moghaddam Z, Behnam-Rassouli M, Mahdavi- Shahri N, Hajinejad-Boshroue R, Khajouee E. Comparative study on the effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on structural changes and hormonal output of the adrenal cortex in male Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):9.
[22] Seneff S, Wainwright G, Mascitelli L. Is the metabolic syndrome caused by a high fructose, and relatively low fat, low cholesterol diet? Arch Med Sci. 2011;7(1):8-20.
[23] Bi XP, Tan HW, Xing SS, Wang ZH, Tang MX, Zhang Y, et al. Overexpression of TRB3 gene in adipose tissue of rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Endocr J. 2008;55(4):747-52.
[24] Bi XP, Tan HW, Xing SS, Wang ZH, Tang MX, Zhang Y, et al. Overexpression of TRB3 gene in adipose tissue of rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Endocr J. 2008;55(4):747-52.
[25] Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th ed. Washington DC: National Academies Press; 2011.
[26] Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA. The effects of Cassia italica leaves aqueous extract on non-pregnant uterus contraction in rats. IJRM. 2010;8(4):179-84.
[27] Gharib Naseri MK, Yahyavi H. Spasmolytic activity of Piper nigrum fruit aqueous extract on rat non-pregnant uterus. IJPT. 2007;6(1):35-40.
[28] Gharib Naseri MK, Arabian M, Badavi M, Ahangarpour A. Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Allium cepa peel hydroalcoholic extract in rat. Pak J Biol Sci. 2008;11(12):1569-75.
[29] Ahangarpour A, Mohammadian M, Dianat M. Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcholic Urtica dioica leaf extract in male rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance. IJMS. 2012;37(3):181-6.
[30] Ahangarpour A, Yhyavi H. Effect of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes on blood glucose, lipid, insulin and hepatic enzymes in insulin resistance model of male rats. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2011;5(2):70-5.
[31] Nagai Y, Ichihara A, Nakano D, Kimura S, Pelisch N, Fujisawa Y, et al. Possible contribution of the nonproteolytic activation of prorenin to the development of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol. 2009;94(9):1016-23.
[32] Bezerra RM, Ueno M, Silva MS, Tavares DQ, Carvalho CR, Saad MJ, et al. A high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance but not blood pressure changes in normotensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34(9):1155-60.
[33] Nmila R, Gross R, Rchid H, Roye M, Manteghetti M, Petit P, et al. Insulinotropic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extracts. Planta Med. 2000;66(5):418-23.
[34] Ramachandran B, Ravi K, Narayanan V, Kandaswamy M, Subramanian S. Protective effect of acrocyclic binuclear oxovanadium complex on oxidative stress in pancreas of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2004;149(1):9-21.
[35] Jeyanthi KA, Mary Violet Christy A. Antioxidant effect of Citrullus colocynthis on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2011;2(2):697-701.
[36] Lakshmi B, Sendrayaperumal V, Subramanian S. Beneficial effects of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extract studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013;19(1):47-55.
[37] Abdel-Hassan IA, Abdel-Barry JA, Tariq Mohammeda S. The hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit aqueous extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1- 2):325-30.