@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):265-273
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):265-273
Identification and Prioritization of Housing Problems by Delphi Method and Shannon Technique; Case Study of Mashhad City
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Baradaran Tavakoli D. (1)Rezvani A.R. (*1)
Vafamehr M. (2)
Khademzadeh M.H. (3)
(1) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad , Iran
(2) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Architecture, Fine Arts Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No. 69, Khayyam 11, Malek Abad Boulevard, Mashhad, Iran. Postal Code: 9185733919.Phone: +98 (51) 37613794
Fax: -
rezvani0112@mshdiau.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 30, 2020Accepted: July 7, 2020
ePublished: July 8, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Lack of housing and its low quality has always been one of the main problems in Iran. The growth of the country’s population in recent decades, extensive displacements, and the improper adopted policies and management in this area have caused problems that demand serious attention. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the housing problems by the Delphi method and Shannon technique.
Methodology This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a consecutive analytical and exploratory strategy conducted in 2019 with the opinion of 10 senior managers and officials and seven university professors aware of the field of housing in Mashhad. A combination of the Delphi method and Shannon entropy technique was used to analyze the data.
Findings A model with four components of design, managerial, implementation, and economic and 32 indicators was developed that using the Shannon technique, the design component with a weight of 0.03133 placed in the first rank, the managerial component with a weight of 0.03127 was in the second rank, the economic component with a weight of 0.03126 was in the third rank, and the implementation component with a weight of 0.03108 was in the fourth rank.
Conclusion The components of design and management deserve more serious attention than other components. Also, among the 32 indicators examined, “impossibility of owning housing and renting”, “worn-out residential fabric”, “lack of flexibility in the building”, “lack of effective planning in mass production and industrial production”, and “lack of attention to building sustainability approaches and using clean energy “ are the most critical problems in the field of housing from experts, respectively.
Methodology This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a consecutive analytical and exploratory strategy conducted in 2019 with the opinion of 10 senior managers and officials and seven university professors aware of the field of housing in Mashhad. A combination of the Delphi method and Shannon entropy technique was used to analyze the data.
Findings A model with four components of design, managerial, implementation, and economic and 32 indicators was developed that using the Shannon technique, the design component with a weight of 0.03133 placed in the first rank, the managerial component with a weight of 0.03127 was in the second rank, the economic component with a weight of 0.03126 was in the third rank, and the implementation component with a weight of 0.03108 was in the fourth rank.
Conclusion The components of design and management deserve more serious attention than other components. Also, among the 32 indicators examined, “impossibility of owning housing and renting”, “worn-out residential fabric”, “lack of flexibility in the building”, “lack of effective planning in mass production and industrial production”, and “lack of attention to building sustainability approaches and using clean energy “ are the most critical problems in the field of housing from experts, respectively.
CITATION LINKS
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[17]- Noormohammadi M, Moradi K, Ghiasvand H, Taghavi A, Hormati L (2017). A study of Mehr housing policy from the beginning to 2015 (case study: Tehran province). Housing Economics Quarterly. (61):35-57. [Persian]
[18]- Ojo A, Curry E, Janowski T (2014). Designing next generation smart city initiatives-harnessing findings and lesson from a study of ten smart city programs. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), June 9-11, Tel Aviv, Israel. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway. P. 1-12.
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[21]- Pourmohammadi MR, Sadr Mousavi M, Abedini A (2012). Analytical consideration on policies of housing supply by government with respect to the cultural and socioeconomic development plans in Iran. Journal of Urban Studies. 1(3):34-43. [Persian]
[22]- Ravanshadnia M (2015). Key lecture on construction and implementation management: an analysis of the employment status of engineers and characteristics of the 21st century engineer. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Congress of Construction Engineering and Construction Project Evaluation; May 28; Education and Research Group of Baroo Gostar Pars Engineering Company, Parhoon Abraheh Consulting Engineers Company, Semnan. [Persian]
[23]- Rezvani AR (2016). The spirit of the city again definition of the city, space, urban space and determining spiritual indicators. Green Architecture Charter. 2(4):55-79. [Persian]
[24]- Rezvani AR (2005). In search of urban identity in Mashhad. 1st Edition. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. [Persian]
[25]- Sartipipour M (2003). The pathology of housing problems in Iran. Soffe Journal. 14(3-4):23-43. [Persian]
[26]- Shams M, Gomar M (2016). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative housing in Hamadan province Emphasizing: low‐income Families. Journal of Regional Planning. 5(20):55‐68. [Persian]
[27]- Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education. (2):5-53.
[28]- Tashakkori A, Teddlie C, editors (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. 1st Edition. London: SAGE Publications.
[29]- Turoff M, Linstone HA, editors (2002). The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Advanced Book Program.
[30]- Wentling J (2015). Housing by lifestyle: the component method of residential design. Ghasemi H, translator. 2nd Edition. Mashhad: Kasra Library Publications. [Persian]
[31]- Ziyari S, Farhoudi R, Porahmad A, Hataminegad H (2018). Analysis of sustainable housing in Karaj City. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 16(52):141‐156. [Persian]
[2]- Bastani M, Mohammadniai Gharayi F, Saeedi Mofrad S (2019). Urban texture assessment based on the principles of passive defense using factor analytical network process (F’ANP) (Case study: Noghan Neighborhood Mashhad). Geographical Researches Quarterly. 34(1):63 -72. [Persian].
[3]- Bokharaei A, Sanati Sharghi N, Rostami S, Sharbatian MH (2018). Spatial analysis of social happiness in Mashhad. Journal of physical Development Planning. 3(7):134-153. [Persian]
[4]- Campagna G (2016). Linking crowding, housing inadequacy and perceived housing stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 45:252‐266.
[5]- Creswell JW (2012). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Danaeifard H, Salehi A, translators. 1st Edition. Tehran: Mehraban Nashr. [Persian]
[6]- Chegini A, Ahmadi K (2014). Successful experiences of housing financing system in South Korea. Scientific Quarterly of Housing Economics. (50):21-45. [Persian]
[7]- Davoodpour Z, Ebrahimzadeh MB (2011). Global position of social housing [Internet]. Mashhad: Zaminmaskan [cited 2020, 21 February]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3lFLUCP. [Persian]
[8]- Ezzatpanah B, Sobhani N, Rashidi Ebrahim Hesari A (2015). Investigating the distribution of urban land use in urban development projects in terms of social justice, case study: Shahindezh city. Journal of Urban Ecological Research. 6(2):49-64. [Persian]
[9]- Fateh M, Dariush B (2011). Theoretical foundations of architecture. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Science and Knowledge. [Persian]
[10]- Grote L, Wang D (2017). Architectural research methods. Eynifar AR, translatior. 9th Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Press. [Persian]
[11]- Hasa J (2016). Difference between issue and problem [Internet]. Difference Between [cited 2020, 14 March]. Available from: http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-issue-and-problem/.
[12]- Mazaherian H (2014). Editorial. Scientific Quarterly of Housing Economics. (51):5-8. [Persian]
[13]- Maleki B (2011). Eight main challenges of the housing sector. No. 2332 [Internet]. Tehran: Dunya-e-Eqtesad [cited 2020, 14 March]. Available from: https://www.magiran.com/article/2264988. [Persian]
[14]- Mohammadi J, Shafaghi S, Nouri M (2014). Analysis of spatial – physical structure - old texture of urban space in order to improve and repair (case study: Dogonbadan old texture city). Journal of Spatial Planning. 4(2):105-128. [Persian]
[15]- Mehrafzoon M (2015). Explaining the study of Mehr housing project development plan (case study of Boroujerd city). Zagros Landscape Journal. 6(21):1-40. [Persian]
[16]- Mansourbakht G (2008). Research issue, main issue of research (methodological thinking in fundamental concepts of research). Journal of Human Sciences. (58):169-194. [Persian].
[17]- Noormohammadi M, Moradi K, Ghiasvand H, Taghavi A, Hormati L (2017). A study of Mehr housing policy from the beginning to 2015 (case study: Tehran province). Housing Economics Quarterly. (61):35-57. [Persian]
[18]- Ojo A, Curry E, Janowski T (2014). Designing next generation smart city initiatives-harnessing findings and lesson from a study of ten smart city programs. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), June 9-11, Tel Aviv, Israel. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway. P. 1-12.
[19]- Papuli Yazdi MH, Vosoughi F, Labbaf M (2000). Turkmen housing, functional analysis of a technical and social transformation. Journal of Geographical Researches. 15(3-4):11-42. [Persian]
[20]- Pilevar AA, Pourahmad A (2004). The Growth and Development of Large Cities of the Country (Case Study: Mashhad). Journal of Geographical Researches. 36(48):103-121. [Persian]
[21]- Pourmohammadi MR, Sadr Mousavi M, Abedini A (2012). Analytical consideration on policies of housing supply by government with respect to the cultural and socioeconomic development plans in Iran. Journal of Urban Studies. 1(3):34-43. [Persian]
[22]- Ravanshadnia M (2015). Key lecture on construction and implementation management: an analysis of the employment status of engineers and characteristics of the 21st century engineer. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Congress of Construction Engineering and Construction Project Evaluation; May 28; Education and Research Group of Baroo Gostar Pars Engineering Company, Parhoon Abraheh Consulting Engineers Company, Semnan. [Persian]
[23]- Rezvani AR (2016). The spirit of the city again definition of the city, space, urban space and determining spiritual indicators. Green Architecture Charter. 2(4):55-79. [Persian]
[24]- Rezvani AR (2005). In search of urban identity in Mashhad. 1st Edition. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. [Persian]
[25]- Sartipipour M (2003). The pathology of housing problems in Iran. Soffe Journal. 14(3-4):23-43. [Persian]
[26]- Shams M, Gomar M (2016). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative housing in Hamadan province Emphasizing: low‐income Families. Journal of Regional Planning. 5(20):55‐68. [Persian]
[27]- Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education. (2):5-53.
[28]- Tashakkori A, Teddlie C, editors (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. 1st Edition. London: SAGE Publications.
[29]- Turoff M, Linstone HA, editors (2002). The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Advanced Book Program.
[30]- Wentling J (2015). Housing by lifestyle: the component method of residential design. Ghasemi H, translator. 2nd Edition. Mashhad: Kasra Library Publications. [Persian]
[31]- Ziyari S, Farhoudi R, Porahmad A, Hataminegad H (2018). Analysis of sustainable housing in Karaj City. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 16(52):141‐156. [Persian]