@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(2):132-138
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(2):132-138
The Impact of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior in Breast Self-Examination of Women Referred to Health Centers
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Matlabi M (1)Khajavi A (1)
Askari F (2)
Saberi M (*)
(*) Department of Health Education and Promotion, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(1) Department of Health Education and Promotion, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad , Iran
(2) Department of Midwifery and Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: MSc in health education and promotion, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranPhone: +98 (51) 57223028
Fax: +98 (51) 57225027
maryam61sabery@gmail.com
Article History
Received: December 26, 2017Accepted: May 2, 2018
ePublished: May 16, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) is one method for early detection
of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational
intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in promoting BSE of women in Gonabad, IRAN.
Materials & Methods In this clinical trial study, 140 married women aged 20–49 years from Gonabad were chosen randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. Educational needs were determined and the curriculum was developed and presented in 5 sessions. BSE behavior was studied using the constructs of planned behavior theory before, immediately and 3 months after training. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20, using ANOVA, T-test student, Chisquare and multivariate analysis of variance and significant level was set at α=05.0 .
Findings The mean age of the subjects was 37.27 ± 6.69 years. After intervention, the average score of BSE skill increased from 17.89 to 18.26 and the mean scores of theoretical constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.001). The effect of the educational intervention was evaluated three months later, but changes were not significant in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion This study showed that educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was effective in promoting BSE behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that educational interventions to be designed specifically for and consistent with the constructs of the theory of planned behavior.
Materials & Methods In this clinical trial study, 140 married women aged 20–49 years from Gonabad were chosen randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. Educational needs were determined and the curriculum was developed and presented in 5 sessions. BSE behavior was studied using the constructs of planned behavior theory before, immediately and 3 months after training. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20, using ANOVA, T-test student, Chisquare and multivariate analysis of variance and significant level was set at α=05.0 .
Findings The mean age of the subjects was 37.27 ± 6.69 years. After intervention, the average score of BSE skill increased from 17.89 to 18.26 and the mean scores of theoretical constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.001). The effect of the educational intervention was evaluated three months later, but changes were not significant in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion This study showed that educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was effective in promoting BSE behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that educational interventions to be designed specifically for and consistent with the constructs of the theory of planned behavior.
CITATION LINKS
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[12]Bragg LS, Deiriggi P, Hursh D, Miller D, Leight V. The effect of structured training on breast self-examination search behaviors as measured using biomedical instrumentation. Nurs Res. 2000;49(5):283-9.
[13]National Cancer Institue. SEER Cancer statistics review, 1975-2000 [Internet]. Bethesda: National Cancer Institue; 2018 [cited 2017 Dec 01] Available from: http://SEER.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2000
[14]Maleki A, Delkhoush M, Haji Amini Z, Ebadi A, Ahmadi Kh, Ajali A. Effect of puberty health education through reliable sources on health behaviors of girls. J Behav Sci. 2010;4(2):155-61. [Persian]
[15]Ghahremani L. Impact of health education on physical puberty on health behaviors of Middle school girls in Chabahar city. [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University; 2004. [Persian]
[16]Davari M, Mokarian F, Hosseini M, Aslani A, Nazari A, Yazdanpanah F. Direct medical costs of breast cancer in Iran: Analyzing patients level data from a cancer specific hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Health Inf Manag. 2013;10(3):461-70. [Persian]
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[18]Bauer JE. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd edn.). Educ Health. 2004;17(3):399-40.
[19]Saffari M, Shojaezadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia AR, Pakpour Hajiagha A. Health education & promotion: Theories, models and methods. Tehran: Sobhan; 2009. pp. 82-3. [Persian]
[20]Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M. Health promotion from concepts to practice. 1st Edition. Tehran: Nore Danesh; 2011. pp. 111-7. [Persian]
[21]Sargazi M, Mohseni M, Safar-Navade M, Iran-Pour A, Mirzaee M, Jahani Y. Efect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on behaviors leading to early diagnosis of breast cancer among women referred to health care centers in Zahedan in 2013. J Breast Dis. 2014;7(2):45-55. [Persian]
[22]Hatefnia E, Niknami S, Mahmudi M, Lamyian M. The effects of “Theory of Planned Behavior” based education on the promotion of mammography performance in employed women. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(1):50-8 [Persian].
[23]Fernández ME, Gonzales A, Tortolero-Luna G, Williams J, Saavedra-Embesi M, Chan W, et al. Effectiveness of cultivando la salud: A breast and cervical cancer screening promotion program for low-income Hispanic women. Am J Pub Health 2009;99(5):936-43.
[24]Yakout SM, El-shatbyMoursy AM, Moawad S, Salem O. Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Breast self examination among groups of Female nursing students, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int Res J Biological Sci. 2014;3(2):58-63.
[25]Tahvildari S, Shojaei Zadeh D, Mohamad K. The effect of teaching BSE in Knowledge women. J Med. 2009;3.
[26]Norman P, Cooper Y. The theory of planned behaviour and breast self-examination: Assessing the impact of past behaviour, context stability and habit strength. Psychol Health. 2011;26(9):1156-72.
[27]Lakshmi Satyavathi Devi Kommula A, Borra S, Madhavi Kommula V. Awareness and practice of breast self examination among women in South India. 2014;3(1):391-4.
[28]Keshavarz Z, Simbar M, Ramezankhani A, Alavi Majd H. Factors influencing the behavior of female-workers in the reproductive age regarding breast and cervical cancer screening based on the Integrated Model of Planned Behavior and Self-Efficacy: A qualitative approach. J Sch Pub Health Inst Pub Health Res. 2012;9(3);23-36. [Persian]
[29]Sadeghnezhad F, Niknami S, Ghaffari M. Effect of health education methods on promoting breast self examination (BSE). J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2008;15(4):38-48.
[2]Sabatino SA, Lawrence B, Elder R, Mercer SL, Wilson KM, DeVinney B, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers: nine updated systematic reviews for the guide to community preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43(1):97-118.
[3]Kolahdoozan S, Sadjadi A, Radmard AR, Khademi H. Five common cancers in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2010;13(2):143-6.
[4]Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Noncommunicable Diseases Unit, Cancer Office. Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2008-2009. Aghajani H, Etemad K, Goya MM, Ramezani R, Modirian M, Nadali F. et al, editors. Tehran: Tandis; 2012. [Persian]
[5]Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Noncommunicable Diseases Unit, Cancer Office. Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2006-2007. Mousavi SM, Donlou M, Hajisadeghi N, Sedighi Z, Rahmani Basir Sh, Jalal R, et al, editors. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Center for Disease Control; 2008. [Persian]
[6]Bickley LS. Bates’ guide to physical examination and history-taking. 11th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
[7]Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2011: The impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(4):212-36.
[8]Perasteh A, Khajavi Shojaie K, Koldi N, Davati A. Stages of change and predicting of self efficacy construct in breast self examination behavior among women attending at Tehran Health Centers, Iran, 2011. Iranian J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2013;16(70):16-23.
[9]Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Noncommunicable Diseases Unit, Cancer Office. Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2002. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Center for Disease Control; 2006. [Persian]
[10]Abedeni M, Alameh M, Kavyani A, Motlagh MA. Breast disease: Physical examination and diagnostic methods for doctors and experts in health care centers. Tehran: Mezrab; 2011. [Persian]
[11]Fentiman IS. Fixed and modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Int J Clin Pract. 2001;55(8):527-30.
[12]Bragg LS, Deiriggi P, Hursh D, Miller D, Leight V. The effect of structured training on breast self-examination search behaviors as measured using biomedical instrumentation. Nurs Res. 2000;49(5):283-9.
[13]National Cancer Institue. SEER Cancer statistics review, 1975-2000 [Internet]. Bethesda: National Cancer Institue; 2018 [cited 2017 Dec 01] Available from: http://SEER.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2000
[14]Maleki A, Delkhoush M, Haji Amini Z, Ebadi A, Ahmadi Kh, Ajali A. Effect of puberty health education through reliable sources on health behaviors of girls. J Behav Sci. 2010;4(2):155-61. [Persian]
[15]Ghahremani L. Impact of health education on physical puberty on health behaviors of Middle school girls in Chabahar city. [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University; 2004. [Persian]
[16]Davari M, Mokarian F, Hosseini M, Aslani A, Nazari A, Yazdanpanah F. Direct medical costs of breast cancer in Iran: Analyzing patients level data from a cancer specific hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Health Inf Manag. 2013;10(3):461-70. [Persian]
[17]Allahverdipoor H. Passing through traditional health education towards theory-oriented health education. Health Promot Educ J. 2005;1:75-9. [Persian]
[18]Bauer JE. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd edn.). Educ Health. 2004;17(3):399-40.
[19]Saffari M, Shojaezadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia AR, Pakpour Hajiagha A. Health education & promotion: Theories, models and methods. Tehran: Sobhan; 2009. pp. 82-3. [Persian]
[20]Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M. Health promotion from concepts to practice. 1st Edition. Tehran: Nore Danesh; 2011. pp. 111-7. [Persian]
[21]Sargazi M, Mohseni M, Safar-Navade M, Iran-Pour A, Mirzaee M, Jahani Y. Efect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on behaviors leading to early diagnosis of breast cancer among women referred to health care centers in Zahedan in 2013. J Breast Dis. 2014;7(2):45-55. [Persian]
[22]Hatefnia E, Niknami S, Mahmudi M, Lamyian M. The effects of “Theory of Planned Behavior” based education on the promotion of mammography performance in employed women. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(1):50-8 [Persian].
[23]Fernández ME, Gonzales A, Tortolero-Luna G, Williams J, Saavedra-Embesi M, Chan W, et al. Effectiveness of cultivando la salud: A breast and cervical cancer screening promotion program for low-income Hispanic women. Am J Pub Health 2009;99(5):936-43.
[24]Yakout SM, El-shatbyMoursy AM, Moawad S, Salem O. Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Breast self examination among groups of Female nursing students, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int Res J Biological Sci. 2014;3(2):58-63.
[25]Tahvildari S, Shojaei Zadeh D, Mohamad K. The effect of teaching BSE in Knowledge women. J Med. 2009;3.
[26]Norman P, Cooper Y. The theory of planned behaviour and breast self-examination: Assessing the impact of past behaviour, context stability and habit strength. Psychol Health. 2011;26(9):1156-72.
[27]Lakshmi Satyavathi Devi Kommula A, Borra S, Madhavi Kommula V. Awareness and practice of breast self examination among women in South India. 2014;3(1):391-4.
[28]Keshavarz Z, Simbar M, Ramezankhani A, Alavi Majd H. Factors influencing the behavior of female-workers in the reproductive age regarding breast and cervical cancer screening based on the Integrated Model of Planned Behavior and Self-Efficacy: A qualitative approach. J Sch Pub Health Inst Pub Health Res. 2012;9(3);23-36. [Persian]
[29]Sadeghnezhad F, Niknami S, Ghaffari M. Effect of health education methods on promoting breast self examination (BSE). J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2008;15(4):38-48.