@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2015;2(2):38-46
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2015;2(2):38-46
The Role of Cell-Phone Over Use in Anticipation of Sleep Quality, Anxiety and Depression among University Students
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Majidaei M. (1)Pir-Einaladin S. (1*)
Kasaee A. (1)
(1) Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranPhone: +989147566848
Fax:
pireinaladin@gmail.com
Article History
Received: August 1, 2015Accepted: September 26, 2015
ePublished: September 28, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Due to the quick development and widespread use of mobile phones and its various effects on the interaction and communication, it is important to study its negative effects on the health of cellphone users. The overall aim of the present study was to investigate cellphone overuse as a predictor of sleep quality as well as anxiety and depression among college students.
Materials & Methods This descriptive–correlation study was carried out on all the students of Kharazmi and Payam-e-Noor universities of Karaj during 2014-2015 school years and the sample consisted of 240 persons who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. For data gathering, questionnaires such as cellphone over use scale (COS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were used. Data analysis was performed using Pear-son’s correlation and multiple regressions (stepwise) methods with SPSS 21 software and 0.01 P value.
Findings The results of regression showed that the variable of cellphone over use and the variance of sleep quality, anxiety and depression were respectively 0.31% and 0.14%, which predicted and were positively and significantly (r = 0.56, P < 0.01; r = 0.38, P < 0.01) correlated with sleep quality, anxiety and depression.
Conclusion The variable of cellphone overuse can predict and cause changes in sleep quality, anxiety and depression among students and psychotherapists can control these factors to enhance the qual-ity of life and mental health of them.
Materials & Methods This descriptive–correlation study was carried out on all the students of Kharazmi and Payam-e-Noor universities of Karaj during 2014-2015 school years and the sample consisted of 240 persons who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. For data gathering, questionnaires such as cellphone over use scale (COS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were used. Data analysis was performed using Pear-son’s correlation and multiple regressions (stepwise) methods with SPSS 21 software and 0.01 P value.
Findings The results of regression showed that the variable of cellphone over use and the variance of sleep quality, anxiety and depression were respectively 0.31% and 0.14%, which predicted and were positively and significantly (r = 0.56, P < 0.01; r = 0.38, P < 0.01) correlated with sleep quality, anxiety and depression.
Conclusion The variable of cellphone overuse can predict and cause changes in sleep quality, anxiety and depression among students and psychotherapists can control these factors to enhance the qual-ity of life and mental health of them.
CITATION LINKS
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[32]Brunborg GS, Mentzoni RA, Molde H, Myrseth H, Skouveroe KJ, Bjorvatn B, and et al. The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia. J Sleep Res.2011; 20(4):569-75.
[33]Thomee S, Eklof M, Gustafsson E, Nilsson R, Hagberg M. Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults- an explorative prospective study. Comput Human Behav.2007; 23(3):1300-21.
[34]Adams SK, Kisler TS. Sleep quality as a mediator between technology-related sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw.2013; 16(1):25-30.
[35]Beranuy M, Oberst U, Carbonell X, Chamarro A. Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Comput Human Behav.2009; 25(5):1182-7.
[36]Punamaki Rl, Wallenius M, Nygard Ch, Saarni L, Rimpela A. Use of information and communication technology (ICT) and perceived health in adolescence: The role of sleeping habits and waking-time tiredness. J Adolesc.2007; 30(4):569-85.
[37]Ezoe S, Toda M, Yoshimura K, Naritomi A, Den R, Morimoto K. Relationships of personality and lifestyle with mobile phone dependence among female nursing students. J Soc Behav Pers.2009; 37(2):231-8.
[38]Ohannessian CM. Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: an examination of gender differences. J Child Fam Stud.2009; 18(5):582–93.
[39]Geng Y. A research on emotion and personality characteristics in junior i high school students with internet addiction disorders. Chinese J Clin Psychol.2006; 14(2):153.
[2]Van den Bulck J. Adolescent use of mobile phones for calling and for sending text messages after lights out: results from a prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up. Sleep.2007; 30(9):1220-3.
[3]Zhao TY, Zou SP, Knapp PE. Exposure to cell phone radiation up-regulates apoptosis genes in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. Neurosci Lett.2007; 412(1):34-8.
[4]Thomee S, Dellve L, Harenstam A, Hagberg M. Perceived connections between information and communication technology use and mental symptoms among young adults - a qualitative study. BMC Public Health.2010; 10(1): 66.
[5]Repacholi MH. Health risks from the use of mobile phones. Toxicol Lett.2001; 120(1-3):323-31.
[6]Bianchi A, Phillips JG. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. Cyberpsychol Behav.2005; 8(1):39–51.
[7]Jenaro C, Flores N, Gomez-Velat M, Gonzalez-Gil F, Caballo C. Problematic internet and cell-phone use: psychological behavioral, and health correlates. Addict Res Theory.2007; 15(3):309-20.
[8]Mansourian M, Solhi M, Adab Z, Latifi M. [Relationship between dependence to mobile phone with loneliness and social support in university students]. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences.2014; 21(120):1-8. (Persian)
[9]Azuki T. Today's mobile phone users: current and emerging trends. Cyber Psych Behav.2008; 12(2):334-50.
[10]Billiex J, van der Linden M, Rochat L. The role of impulsivity in actual and problematic use of the mobile phone. Appl Cogn Psychol.2008; 22(9):1195-210.
[11]Walsh SP, White KM, Young RM. Over-connected? A qualitative exploration of the relationship between Australian youth and their mobile phones. J Adolesc.2008; 31(1):77-92.
[12]Lemon J. Can we call behaviors addictive?. Clin Psychol Sci.2002; 6(2): 44-9.
[13]Chen YF. The relationship of mobile phone use to addiction and depression American college study. Mobile Communication and Social Change.2004; 10(7):344-52.
[14]Stewart R, Besset A, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Lindesay J, Jenkins R, and et al. Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years. Sleep.2006; 29(11):1391-7.
[15]Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bogels SM. The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Med Rev.2010; 14(3):179-89.
[16]Brown FC, Buboltz WC Jr, Soper B. Relationship of sleep hygiene awareness, sleep hygiene practices, and sleep quality in university students. Behav Med.2002; 28(1):33-8.
[17]Banks S, Dinges DF. Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction. J Clin Sleep Med.2007; 3(5):519-28.
[18]Hidalgo MP, Caumo W. Sleep disturbances associated with minor psychiatric disorders in medical students. Neural Sci.2002; 23(1):35-9.
[19]Taylor DJ, Bramoweth AD. Patterns and consequences of inadequate sleep in college students: substance use and motor vehicle accidents. J Adolesc Health.2010; 46(6):610-2.
[20]White AG, Buboltz W, Igou F. Mobile phone use and sleep quality and length in college students. Int J Humanit Soc Sci.2011; 1(18):51-8.
[21]Forquer LM, Camden AE, Gabriau KM, Johnson CM. Sleep patterns of college students at a public university. J Am Coll Health Assoc.2008; 56(5):563-5.
[22]Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard RJ. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health.2009; 46(2):124-32.
[23]Alvarez B, Dahlitz MJ, Vignau J, Parkes JD. The delayed sleep phase syndrome: clinical and investigative findings in 14 subjects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.1992; 55(8):665-70.
[24]Okawa M. Delayed sleep phase syndrome and depression. Sleep Med.2011; 12(7):621-2.
[25]Hayer CA, Hicks RA. Type A-B scores and insomnia among college students: A replication and extension of earlier studies. Percept Mot Skills.1993; 77(3 Pt 2):1265-6.
[26]Doi Y, Minowa M, Uchiyama M, Okawa M, Kim K, Shibui K, and et al. Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects. Psychiatry Res.2000; 97(2-3):165-72.
[27]Golmohammadian M, Yaseminejad P. [Normalization, validation and reliability of COS in students]. Journal of Social Psychology.2011; 6(19):37-52. (Persian)
[28]Beiser M, Sack W, Manson SM, Redshirt R, Dion R. Mental health and the academic performance of first nations and majority-culture children. Am J Orthopsychiatry.1998; 68(3):455-67.
[29]Effatpanah M, Ghalaebandi MF, Effatpanah H, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Esmaeili GH. [Evaluation of sleep quality among bus drivers]. Payesh.2012; 4(11):485-90. (Persian)
[30]Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Ebrahimi M, Jarvandi S. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes.2003; 1:14.
[31]Thomee S, Harenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among adults - a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health.2011; 11:66.
[32]Brunborg GS, Mentzoni RA, Molde H, Myrseth H, Skouveroe KJ, Bjorvatn B, and et al. The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia. J Sleep Res.2011; 20(4):569-75.
[33]Thomee S, Eklof M, Gustafsson E, Nilsson R, Hagberg M. Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults- an explorative prospective study. Comput Human Behav.2007; 23(3):1300-21.
[34]Adams SK, Kisler TS. Sleep quality as a mediator between technology-related sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw.2013; 16(1):25-30.
[35]Beranuy M, Oberst U, Carbonell X, Chamarro A. Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Comput Human Behav.2009; 25(5):1182-7.
[36]Punamaki Rl, Wallenius M, Nygard Ch, Saarni L, Rimpela A. Use of information and communication technology (ICT) and perceived health in adolescence: The role of sleeping habits and waking-time tiredness. J Adolesc.2007; 30(4):569-85.
[37]Ezoe S, Toda M, Yoshimura K, Naritomi A, Den R, Morimoto K. Relationships of personality and lifestyle with mobile phone dependence among female nursing students. J Soc Behav Pers.2009; 37(2):231-8.
[38]Ohannessian CM. Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: an examination of gender differences. J Child Fam Stud.2009; 18(5):582–93.
[39]Geng Y. A research on emotion and personality characteristics in junior i high school students with internet addiction disorders. Chinese J Clin Psychol.2006; 14(2):153.