@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(1):35-41
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(1):35-41
Effect of Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome in Type II Diabetic Patients
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Bagheri P. (1)Delshad Noghabi A. (2)
Moshki M. (*)
(*) “Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center” & “Public Health Department, Health Faculty” , Gonabad University of Medical Science , Gonabad, Iran
(1) Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Hygiene , Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
(2) Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center , Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Near Asian Road, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Post Box: 397Phone: +985337259025
Fax: +985337259025
drmoshki@gmail.com
Article History
Received: June 6, 2013Accepted: March 2, 2014
ePublished: February 1, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Effects of fasting on diabetic patients has been considered more in recent years.
This study was done to investigate the changes in body weight, blood pressure and
biochemical parameters in fasting people.
Materials & Methods In July and August (Ramadan) 2012, 75 diabetic patients from Kenareh village, Iran, were selected by census method and finally the results of 60 patients were enrolled. 15 days before Ramadan, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the sitting position, weight, height, body mass index and age of samples were calculated and recorded. At this stage, all samples in terms of the occurrence of any possible complications related to the fasting i.e. hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis were also examined. Correlation of each parameter was evaluated with age using Pearson correlation test and with gender using two-sample T-test.
Findings During Ramadan, weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, blood sugar and body mass index of samples were significantly decreased but diastolic blood pressure did not have significant decrease. After Ramadan, 4.9% of subjects suffered from hypoglycemia, 23.8% from hyperglycemia and 1.9% from diabetic ketoacidosis.
Conclusion Changes in serum biochemical parameters in patients with type II diabetes as a result of fasting, reduces diabetes risk factors i.e. serum glucose concentration, triglyceride, and BMI.
Materials & Methods In July and August (Ramadan) 2012, 75 diabetic patients from Kenareh village, Iran, were selected by census method and finally the results of 60 patients were enrolled. 15 days before Ramadan, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the sitting position, weight, height, body mass index and age of samples were calculated and recorded. At this stage, all samples in terms of the occurrence of any possible complications related to the fasting i.e. hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis were also examined. Correlation of each parameter was evaluated with age using Pearson correlation test and with gender using two-sample T-test.
Findings During Ramadan, weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, blood sugar and body mass index of samples were significantly decreased but diastolic blood pressure did not have significant decrease. After Ramadan, 4.9% of subjects suffered from hypoglycemia, 23.8% from hyperglycemia and 1.9% from diabetic ketoacidosis.
Conclusion Changes in serum biochemical parameters in patients with type II diabetes as a result of fasting, reduces diabetes risk factors i.e. serum glucose concentration, triglyceride, and BMI.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Ch'ng SL, Cheah SH, Husain R, Duncan MT. Effect of altered eating pattern on serum fructosamine: totalprotein ratio and plasma glucose level. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001;18(3):326-7.
[15]Aksungar FB, Eren A, Ure S, Teskin O, Ates G. Effect of intermittent fasting on serum lipid levels, coagulation status and plasma homocystein levels. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005;49(2):77-82.
[16]Asgary S, Aghaei A, Naderi GH, Kelishadi R, Gharipour M, Azali SH. Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Lipid Pproxidation, Serum Lipoproteins and Fasting Blood Sugar. Med J Islamic Acad Sci. 2000;13(1):35-8. [Persian]
[17]Bouhlel E, Denquezli M, Zaouali M, Tabka Z, Shephard, RJ. Effect of plasma leptin, adiponectin concentrations, and body composition in trained Young men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(6):617-27.
[18]Hamdy EA, Attia S, Ghonna R. Effects of the Fast of Ramadan on Endothelial function and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetic Patient. Kuwait Med J. 2008;40(1):53-8.
[19]Iraki L, Bogdan A, Hakkou F, Amrani N, Abkari A, Touitou Y. Ramadan diet restrictions modify the circadian time structure in humans; A study on plasma gastrin, insulin, glucose and calcium on gastric pH. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1997;82(4):1261-73.
[20]Yarahmadi Sh, Larijani B, Bastan-Hagh MH, Pazhouhi M, Zahedi F, Baradar-Jalili R, et al. The metabolic and clinical effect of Islamic fasting in patients with type 2 diabete. Iranian diabete and lipid journal. 2001;1(1):59-65. [Persian]
[21]Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M. Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman UAE with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011;4:409-16.
[22]Sari R, Balci MK, Akbas SH, Avci B. The effects of diet, sulfonylurea, and Repaglinide therapy on clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients during Ramadan. Endocr Res. 2004;30(2):169-77.
[23]Salti I, Benard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2306-11.
[24]Khaled BM, Belbraouet S. Effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric parameters and food consumption in 276 type 2 diabetic obese women. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29(2):62-8.
[25]Kamal M, Masalmeh A. Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolism and on Serum levels of Some Hormones among Healthy Jordanian Students. J Med Sci. 2007;7(5):755-61.
[26]Nikseresht A, Basirat N. The effect of aerobic exercises on the level of lipid and glucose in the blood of fasting men. J Jahrom Uni Med sci. 2010;8(4):1-6. [Persian]
[27]Nikseresht A, Jahromi MK, Basirat N, Sobhanian S. The impact of aerobic exercise and Ramadan fasting on fluctuation of some blood hormones. J Jahrom Uni Med Sei. 2010; 3(7), 23-33. [Persian]
[28]Sharifi F, Anjom shoae A, Izadfar F, Mazloumzadeh S. The evaluation effect of Islamic fasting on serum level of adiponectin and serum CRP in patients with metabolic syndrome in zanjan. Iranian J Diabetes Lipid. 2010;10(2):214-20. [Persian]
[2]Aadil N, Houti IE, Moussamih S. Drug intake during Ramadan. BMJ. 2004;329(7469):778-82.
[3]Al-Arouj M, Bouguerra R, Buse J, Hafez S, Hassanein M, Ibrahim, et al. Recommendations for Management of Diabetes During Ramadan. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(9):2305-11.
[4]Hui E, Bravis V, Hassanein M. Management of people with diabetes wanting to fast during Ramadan. BMJ. 2010;340:1407-11.
[5]Larijani B,Sanjari M, zahedi F. Effect of fasting on FBS in Ramadan mounth in healthy people. Iranian Lipid Diabetes J. 2002;2:149-52. [Persian]
[6]Dikensoy E, Balat O, Cebesoy B, Ozkur A, Cicek H, Can G. Effect of fasting during Ramadan on fetal development and maternal health. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008;34(4):494-8.
[7]Bahmani A. Islamic fasting and its impact on pre-diabetic individuals. J Kurdestan Uni Med Sci (SJKU). 2013;18(1):40-6. [Persian]
[8]Navaei L, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. The changes of body weight and consumption pattern and density of biochemical parameters in fasted diabetic people. Iranian J Endocrinol Metabol (IJEM). 2001;3(2):125-32. [Persian]
[9]Rahbar N, Ghorbani R, Khazraie A. Effect of fasting on some biochemical parameters of blood, urine and the weight of fetus in the fasting pregnant. J Zahedan Uni Med Sci. 2005;7(3):171-7.
[10]Larijani B, Zahedi F, Sanjari M, Amini MR, Jalili RB, Adibi H, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting serum glucose in healthy adults. Med J Malaysia. 2003;58(5):678-80.
[11]Gregg EW, Cadwell BL, Cheng YJ, Cowie CC, Williams DE, Geiss L, et al. Trends in the prevalence and ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed diabetes according to obesity levels in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(12):2806-12.
[12]Bouguerra R, Jabrane J, Maatki C, Ben Salem L, Hamzaoui J, El Kadhi A, et al. Ramadan fasting in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Endocrinol. 2006;67(1):54-9.
[13]Timpson NJ, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Gaunt TR, Day IN, Palmer LJ, et al. C-reactive protein and its role in metabolic syndrome: mendelian randomization study. Lancet. 2005;366(9501):1954-9.
[14]Ch'ng SL, Cheah SH, Husain R, Duncan MT. Effect of altered eating pattern on serum fructosamine: totalprotein ratio and plasma glucose level. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001;18(3):326-7.
[15]Aksungar FB, Eren A, Ure S, Teskin O, Ates G. Effect of intermittent fasting on serum lipid levels, coagulation status and plasma homocystein levels. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005;49(2):77-82.
[16]Asgary S, Aghaei A, Naderi GH, Kelishadi R, Gharipour M, Azali SH. Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Lipid Pproxidation, Serum Lipoproteins and Fasting Blood Sugar. Med J Islamic Acad Sci. 2000;13(1):35-8. [Persian]
[17]Bouhlel E, Denquezli M, Zaouali M, Tabka Z, Shephard, RJ. Effect of plasma leptin, adiponectin concentrations, and body composition in trained Young men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(6):617-27.
[18]Hamdy EA, Attia S, Ghonna R. Effects of the Fast of Ramadan on Endothelial function and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetic Patient. Kuwait Med J. 2008;40(1):53-8.
[19]Iraki L, Bogdan A, Hakkou F, Amrani N, Abkari A, Touitou Y. Ramadan diet restrictions modify the circadian time structure in humans; A study on plasma gastrin, insulin, glucose and calcium on gastric pH. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1997;82(4):1261-73.
[20]Yarahmadi Sh, Larijani B, Bastan-Hagh MH, Pazhouhi M, Zahedi F, Baradar-Jalili R, et al. The metabolic and clinical effect of Islamic fasting in patients with type 2 diabete. Iranian diabete and lipid journal. 2001;1(1):59-65. [Persian]
[21]Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M. Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman UAE with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011;4:409-16.
[22]Sari R, Balci MK, Akbas SH, Avci B. The effects of diet, sulfonylurea, and Repaglinide therapy on clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients during Ramadan. Endocr Res. 2004;30(2):169-77.
[23]Salti I, Benard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2306-11.
[24]Khaled BM, Belbraouet S. Effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric parameters and food consumption in 276 type 2 diabetic obese women. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29(2):62-8.
[25]Kamal M, Masalmeh A. Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolism and on Serum levels of Some Hormones among Healthy Jordanian Students. J Med Sci. 2007;7(5):755-61.
[26]Nikseresht A, Basirat N. The effect of aerobic exercises on the level of lipid and glucose in the blood of fasting men. J Jahrom Uni Med sci. 2010;8(4):1-6. [Persian]
[27]Nikseresht A, Jahromi MK, Basirat N, Sobhanian S. The impact of aerobic exercise and Ramadan fasting on fluctuation of some blood hormones. J Jahrom Uni Med Sei. 2010; 3(7), 23-33. [Persian]
[28]Sharifi F, Anjom shoae A, Izadfar F, Mazloumzadeh S. The evaluation effect of Islamic fasting on serum level of adiponectin and serum CRP in patients with metabolic syndrome in zanjan. Iranian J Diabetes Lipid. 2010;10(2):214-20. [Persian]