@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;25(1):23-29
ISSN: 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;25(1):23-29
Comparative Study of Self-Destructive Behaviors, Irrational Beliefs, and Emotional Distress Tolerance in Two Male Groups of Recovering from Addiction to Narcotics and Stimulants
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Jangi P (1)Ramak N (2)
Sangani A.R (*3)
(*3) Psychology and Exceptional Children Education Department, Psychology Faculty, Science & Research Branch of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
(1) Educational Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: October 21, 2018Accepted: January 30, 2019
ePublished: March 19, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral-related problems associated with addiction to narcotics in the dependence situation and even treatment is different, depending on the type of narcotics; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare self-destructive behaviors, irrational beliefs, and emotional distress tolerance in two male groups of recovering from addiction to narcotics and stimulants.
Instrument & Methods The research method was descriptive comparative or post-event. The statistical population included all recovered drug addicts in 8 residential centers of Gorgan in spring 2017, 40 of whom were recovering from addiction to the opioid, and 40 patients were recovering from addition to the stimulants. These persons were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection instruments were Jones’ Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), Emotional Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Self-Destructive Behavior Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis, using SPSS 24 software.
Findings There was a significant difference among the need for receiving confirmation from others, the tendency to blame, emotional irresponsibility, high concern with anxiety, avoidance of the problem and dependence on the variables of irrational beliefs and subscales of tolerance and absorption to the negative emotions in the emotional distress tolerance, and self-destructive behaviors in the two groups of men recovering from the opioid and stimulant with 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).
Conclusion Self-destructive behaviors, irrational beliefs, and emotional distress tolerance are in a better position in the men recovering from opioid compared with the men recovering from stimulants.
Instrument & Methods The research method was descriptive comparative or post-event. The statistical population included all recovered drug addicts in 8 residential centers of Gorgan in spring 2017, 40 of whom were recovering from addiction to the opioid, and 40 patients were recovering from addition to the stimulants. These persons were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection instruments were Jones’ Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), Emotional Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Self-Destructive Behavior Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis, using SPSS 24 software.
Findings There was a significant difference among the need for receiving confirmation from others, the tendency to blame, emotional irresponsibility, high concern with anxiety, avoidance of the problem and dependence on the variables of irrational beliefs and subscales of tolerance and absorption to the negative emotions in the emotional distress tolerance, and self-destructive behaviors in the two groups of men recovering from the opioid and stimulant with 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).
Conclusion Self-destructive behaviors, irrational beliefs, and emotional distress tolerance are in a better position in the men recovering from opioid compared with the men recovering from stimulants.
Keywords:
Self-destructive behaviors,
Irrational beliefs ,
Emotional distress tolerance ,
Addiction,
CITATION LINKS
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[27]Kim SB, Jang JI. The relationship between adolescents’ stress coping behavior and gambling addiction: mediating effect of irrational belief of gambling. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2016;17(4):85-91.
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[35]Koball AM, Himes SM, Sim L, Clark MM, Collazo-Clavell ML, Mundi M, et al. Distress tolerance and psychological comorbidity in patients seeking bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2016;26(7):1559-64.
[36]DiLorenzo TA, David D, Montgomery GH. The interrelations between irrational cognitive processes and distress in stressful academic settings. Pers Individ Dif. 2007;42(4):765-76.
[37]Shams J, Azizi AR, Mirzaei A. Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with students smoking dependence. Hakim Health Syst Res. 2010;13(1):11-8. [Persian]
[38]Barlow DH, Hofman SG. Efficacy and dissemination of psychological treatments. In The science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. Clark DM, Fairburn CG, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
[2]Najafi M, Mohammadifar MA, Abdollahi M. Emotional dysfunction and tendency to substance abuse: the role of emotion regulation, distress tolerance and sensation seeking. Soc Health Addict. 2015;2(5):53-68. [Persian]
[3]Rea C, Hockenbury DH, Hockenbury SE. Study guide for psychology. 6th Edition. New York: Worth Publishers; 2012.
[4]Kashefi T. On the relationship between meta cognitive beliefs and the self-destructive behavior among addicts. J Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci. 2013;1(2):39-45. [Persian]
[5]Dom G, Hulstijn W, Sabbe B. Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics. Addict Behav. 2006;31(2);298-308.
[6]Tonetti L, Adan A, Caci H, De Pascalis V, Fabbri M, Natale V. Morningness-eveningness preference and sensation seeking. Eur Psychiatry. 2010;25(2):111-5.
[7]Lindgren KP, Neighbors C, Blayney JA, Mullins PM, Kaysen D. Do drinking motives mediate the association between sexual assault and problem drinking? Addict Behav. 2012;37(3):323-6.
[8]Litt MD, Kadden RM, Cooney NL, Kabela E. Coping skills and treatment outcomes in cognitive-behavioral and interactional group therapy for alcoholism. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(1):118-28.
[9]Dadkhahi S, Mahmoud Fakheh H. Comparison of family functioning, irrational beliefs and self-concept in addicted and non-addicted youth. J Islamic Res Women Fam. 2015;3(1):63-76. [Persian]
[10]Dastgheib Z, Narimani M, Ghobadi Dashedbi K, Hosseini F, Gharlipour Z, Imanzad M, et al. Comparing irrational beliefs and happiness in intelligent and normal students. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2014;22(3):27-33. [Persian]
[11]Esmaeilinasab M, Andami Khoshk A, Azarmi H, Samar Rakhi A. The predicting role of difficulties in emotion regulation and distress tolerance in students’ addiction potential. Q J Res Addict. 2014;8(29):49-63. [Persian]
[12]Zvolensky MJ, Bernstein A, Vujanovic AA. Distress tolerance: theory, research, and clinical application. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.
[13]Ghasem Boroujerdi F, Safa M, Karamloo S, Masjedi M. Effectiveness of mindfulness based on cognitive therapy, on distress tolerance and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. J Res Psychol Health. 2014;8(4):6-7. [Persian]
[14]Leahy RL, Tirch D, Napolitano LA. Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.
[15]Marshall-Berenz EC, Vujanovic AA, MacPherson L. Impulsivity and alcohol use coping motives in a trauma-exposed sample: The mediating role of distress tolerance. Pers Individ Dif. 2011;50(5):588-92.
[16]Kaiser AJ, Milich R, Lynam DR, Charnigo RJ. Negative urgency, distress tolerance, and substance abuse among college students. Addict Behav. 2012;37(10):1075-83.
[17]Berking M, Wirtz CM, Svaldi J, Hofmann SG. Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years. Behav Res Ther. 2014;57:13-20.
[18]Alizadeh A, Hasanzadeh L, Mahmoud Aliloo M, Poursharifi H. Predict of worry based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS), cognitive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in students. J Cogn Psychol. 2014;2(3):1-11. [Persian]
[19]Moschak TM, Terry DR, Daughters SB, Carelli RM. Low distress tolerance predicts heightened drug seeking and taking after extended abstinence from cocaine self‐administration. Addict Biol. 2018;23(1):130-41.
[20]Saatchi M, Kamkari K, Askarian M, et al. Psychological tests. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Virayesh Publishing; 2011. [Persian]
[21]Simons JS, Gaher RM. The distress tolerance scale: development and validation of a self-report measure. Motiv Emot. 2005;29(2):83-102.
[22]Alavi K, Modarres Gharavi M, Amin Yazdi SA, Salehi Fadardi J. Effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy (based on core mindfulness, distress tolerance and emotion regulation components) on depressive symptoms in university students. J Fundam Ment Health. 2011;13(50):35-124. [Persian]
[23]Aghamohammadian Sherbaf HR, Moradian Z, Baensaf Urmieh N. Self-denial behaviors and their causes in Ferdowsi University students at Mashhad city. Clin Psychol Couns Res. 2013;2(2):5-24. [Persian]
[24]Buckner JD, Jeffries ER, Terlecki MA, Ecker AH. Distress tolerance among students referred for treatment following violation of campus cannabis use policy: Relations to use, problems, and motivation. Behav Modif. 2016;40(5):663-77.
[25]Sava FA. Maladaptive schemas, irrational beliefs, and their relationship with the five-factor personality model. J Cogn Behav Psychothers. 2009;9(2):135-47.
[26]Nieuwenhuijsen K, Verbeek JHAM, de Boer AGEM, Blonk RWB, van Dijk FJH. Irrational beliefs in employees with an adjustment, a depressive, or an anxiety disorder: A prospective cohort study. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther. 2010;28(2):57-72.
[27]Kim SB, Jang JI. The relationship between adolescents’ stress coping behavior and gambling addiction: mediating effect of irrational belief of gambling. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2016;17(4):85-91.
[28]Aminpour H, Ahmadzadeh Y. The study and comparison of irrational beliefs in addicted and normal people. J Res Addict. 2011;5,(17):107-20. [Persian]
[29]Hafezi F, Malek Mahmoodi M. The study of the relationship between irrational beliefs and general health in addicts with more than one year of abortion in NA meetings and other addicts in Aligudarz town. Milit Knowledge. 2010;1(1):63-76. [Persian]
[30]Sandman CA, Kemp AS. Opioid antagonists may reverse endogenous opiate “dependence” in the treatment of self-injurious behavior. Pharmaceuticals. 2011;4(2):366-81.
[31]Daughters SB, Ross TJ, Bell RP, Yi JY, Ryan J, Stein EA. Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task. Addict Biol. 2017;22(5):1378-90.
[32]Black D, Grant J. DSM-5 guidebook: the essential companion to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Mansouri Rad, translator. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Arjmand; 2015. [Persian]
[33]Khantzian EJ. The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1997;4(5):231-44.
[34]Kozak AT, Davis J, Brown R, Grabowski M. Are overeating and food addiction related to distress tolerance? An examination of residents with obesity from a US metropolitan area. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2017;11(3):287-98.
[35]Koball AM, Himes SM, Sim L, Clark MM, Collazo-Clavell ML, Mundi M, et al. Distress tolerance and psychological comorbidity in patients seeking bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2016;26(7):1559-64.
[36]DiLorenzo TA, David D, Montgomery GH. The interrelations between irrational cognitive processes and distress in stressful academic settings. Pers Individ Dif. 2007;42(4):765-76.
[37]Shams J, Azizi AR, Mirzaei A. Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with students smoking dependence. Hakim Health Syst Res. 2010;13(1):11-8. [Persian]
[38]Barlow DH, Hofman SG. Efficacy and dissemination of psychological treatments. In The science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. Clark DM, Fairburn CG, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.