@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(1):23-27
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(1):23-27
Effect of Gallic Acid on Passive Avoidance Memory under Brain Ischemia Conditions in Mature Female Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Rahimi Asl F. (1 )Farbood Y. (2 )
Sarkaki A.R. (2 )
Hosseini S.E. (* )
(* ) Biology Department, Science Faculty, Fars Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
(1 ) Biology Department, Science Faculty, Fars Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
(2 ) , “Physiology Research Center” & “Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty”, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Fars Sciences & Researches Branch, Islamic Azad University, 18th Kilometer of Marvdasht- Sadde Doroodzan Road, Fars, IranPhone: +987284692130
Fax: +987284692110
ebrahim.hossini@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: October 5, 2013Accepted: November 29, 2013
ePublished: February 1, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Cerebral ischemia is a condition in in which blood and as a result enough oxygen does
not reach to all or parts of the brain. Due to the debilitating effects of cerebral ischemia, this
study was done to investigate the effect of Gallic Acid on passive avoidance memory in adult
female rats under bilateral cerebral ischemia condition.
Materials & Methods 84 rats were randomly divided into 6 control (C; without any manipulation of carotid artery and treatment), Gallic Acid control (CGA; without any manipulation of carotid artery and treated with Gallic Acid), ischemia control (CI; manipulated with carotid artery but not occlusion and without treatment), ischemia (I; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries and without treatment), solvent ischemia (IS; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries with normal saline gavage) and Gallic Acid ischemia (IGA; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries with Gallic Acid gavage) groups each had 14 rats. The shuttle box was used to investigate the passive avoidance learning behavior. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD logistic tests.
Findings After the application of electric shocks, the STL time in each of the I and IS groups had significant reduction compared to CI group and in IGA group increased significantly compared to I group. 72 hours after application of electric shock, the STL time in CGA group had a significant increase compared to the CI group and 7 days after the application of electric shock the STL time in IGA group had a significant decrease compared to CI group.
Conclusion Gallic Acid increases the passive avoidance memory in rats with cerebral ischemia.
Materials & Methods 84 rats were randomly divided into 6 control (C; without any manipulation of carotid artery and treatment), Gallic Acid control (CGA; without any manipulation of carotid artery and treated with Gallic Acid), ischemia control (CI; manipulated with carotid artery but not occlusion and without treatment), ischemia (I; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries and without treatment), solvent ischemia (IS; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries with normal saline gavage) and Gallic Acid ischemia (IGA; complete and bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries with Gallic Acid gavage) groups each had 14 rats. The shuttle box was used to investigate the passive avoidance learning behavior. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD logistic tests.
Findings After the application of electric shocks, the STL time in each of the I and IS groups had significant reduction compared to CI group and in IGA group increased significantly compared to I group. 72 hours after application of electric shock, the STL time in CGA group had a significant increase compared to the CI group and 7 days after the application of electric shock the STL time in IGA group had a significant decrease compared to CI group.
Conclusion Gallic Acid increases the passive avoidance memory in rats with cerebral ischemia.
CITATION LINKS
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[18]Rezayof A, Zare-Chahoki A, Zarrindast MR, Rassouli Y. Inhibition of dorsal hippocampal nitric oxide synthesis potentiates ethanol-induced state-dependent memory in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2010;209(2):189-95.
[19]Charradi K, Elkahoui S, Karkouch I, Limam F, Hassine FB, Aouani E. Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat. Neurochem Res. 2012;37(9):2004-12.
[20]Liu P, Smith PF, Appleton I, Darlington CL, Bilkey DK. Regional variations and age-related changes in nitric oxide synthase and arginase in the sub-egions of the hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2003;119(3):679-87.
[21]Sarkaki A, Raffiei Rad M, Hoseini SE, Farbood Y, Motamedi F, Mansouri SMT, et al. Improvement in memory and brain long-term potentiation deficits due to permanent Hypoperfusion/Ischemia by Grape Seed Extract in Rats. Iranian J Basic Med Sci. 2013;16:1004-10.
[22] Tung YT, Wu JH, Huang CC, Peng HC, Chen YL, Yang SC, et al. Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(6):1385-92.
[23]Lu Z, Nie G, Belton PS, Tang H, Zhao B. Structureactivity relationship analysis of antioxidant ability and neuroprotective effect of gallic acid derivatives. Neurochemistry International. 2006;48(4):263-274.
[24]Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Priscilla H, Devika PT. Gallic acid prevents lysosomal damage in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;615(1):139-43.
[25]Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002;19(8):819-834.
[26]Romera C, Hurtado O, Botella S, Lizasoain I, Cardenas A, Fernandez-Tome P, Leza J, Lorenzo P, Moro M. In Vitro Ischemic Tolerance Involves Upregulation of Glutamate Transport Partly Mediated by the TACE/ADAM17-Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Pathway. J Neurosci. 2004;24(6):1350- 57.
[27]Liu J, Ginis I, Spatz M, Hallenbeck JM. Hypoxic preconditioning protects cultured neurons against hypoxic stress via TNF-α and ceramide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000;278(1):144-53.
[28]Okado-Matsumoto A, Fridovich I. Subcellular dliver istribution of superoxide dismutases (SOD) in rat. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(42):38388-93.
[29]Lee H, Bae JH, Lee SR. Protective effect of green tea polyphenol EGCG against neuronal damage and brain edema after unilateral cerebral ischemia in gerbils. J Neurosci Res. 2004;77(6):892-900.
[2] Mattson MP, Culmsee C, Yu Z, Camandola S. Roles of nuclear factor kappa B in neuronal survival and lasticity. J Neurochem. 2000;74(2):443-56.
[3]Gertner MJ, Thomas SA. The roles of norepinephrine in spatial reference and spatial working memory. CUREJ; 2006.
[4]Hadjinikolaou L, Kotidis K, Galinanes M. Relationship between reduced elasticity of extracardiac vesselsand left main stem coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(6):508–13.
[5]Raffiei Rad M, Sarkaki A, Hoseini E, Farbood Y, Mansouri SMT, Motamedi F. The effect of Grape Seed Extract Lipid peroxidation duo to ishcemia hypoperfusion in male rat striatum. J Animal Biol. 2011;3(4):37-44.
[6]Endres M, Dirnagl U. Ischemia and stroke. Springer: US; (2002). P. 455-473.
[7]Fisher M. The ischemic penumbra-identification evolution and treatment concepts. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;17(supp 1):1-6.
[8] Carr DB, Sesack SR. Projections from the rat prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area: target specificity in the synaptic associations with mesoaccumbens and mesocortical neurons. J Neurosci. 2000;20(10):3864-73.
[9]Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry. 2006;97(1):109-14.
[10] Jadon A, Bhadauria M, Shukla S. Protective effect of Terminalia belerica Roxb and gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride induced damage in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;109(2):214-218.
[11]Sarkaki A, Raffiei Rad M, Hoseini SE, Farbood Y, Mansouri SMT, Motamedi F. Cognitive deficiency induced by cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia improves by exercise and grape seed extact. HealthMed. 2012;6(4):1097-1104.
[12]Mustafa O, Muzaffer K, Resul Y, Erhan K, Fikret O. Free oxygen radical with growth in coelic disease. Health Med. 2011;5(5):1008-13.
[13]Priscilla DH, Prince PSM. Cardioprotective effect of gallic acid on cardiac troponin-T, cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2009;179(2):118-24.
[14]Locatelli C, Leal PC, Yunes RA, Nunes RJ, CreczynskiPasa TB. Gallic acid ester derivatives induce apoptosis and cell adhesion inhibition in melanoma cells: the relationship between free radical generation, glutathione depletion and cell death. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2009;181(2):175-84.
[15]Doyle KP, Simon RP, Stenzel-poore MP. Mechanism of ischemic brain damage. Neuropharmacol. 2008;55(3):310- 18.
[16] Li LX, Cheng YF, Lin HB, Wang C, Xu JP, Zhang HT. Prevention of cerebral Ischemia-induced memory deficit by inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 in rats. Metab Brain Dis. 2011;26(1):37-47.
[17]Huang L, Chen N, Ge M, Zhu Y, Guan S. Wang JH. Ca2+ and acidosis synergistically lead to the dysfunction of cortical GABAergic neurons during ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;394(3):709-14.
[18]Rezayof A, Zare-Chahoki A, Zarrindast MR, Rassouli Y. Inhibition of dorsal hippocampal nitric oxide synthesis potentiates ethanol-induced state-dependent memory in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2010;209(2):189-95.
[19]Charradi K, Elkahoui S, Karkouch I, Limam F, Hassine FB, Aouani E. Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat. Neurochem Res. 2012;37(9):2004-12.
[20]Liu P, Smith PF, Appleton I, Darlington CL, Bilkey DK. Regional variations and age-related changes in nitric oxide synthase and arginase in the sub-egions of the hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2003;119(3):679-87.
[21]Sarkaki A, Raffiei Rad M, Hoseini SE, Farbood Y, Motamedi F, Mansouri SMT, et al. Improvement in memory and brain long-term potentiation deficits due to permanent Hypoperfusion/Ischemia by Grape Seed Extract in Rats. Iranian J Basic Med Sci. 2013;16:1004-10.
[22] Tung YT, Wu JH, Huang CC, Peng HC, Chen YL, Yang SC, et al. Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(6):1385-92.
[23]Lu Z, Nie G, Belton PS, Tang H, Zhao B. Structureactivity relationship analysis of antioxidant ability and neuroprotective effect of gallic acid derivatives. Neurochemistry International. 2006;48(4):263-274.
[24]Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Priscilla H, Devika PT. Gallic acid prevents lysosomal damage in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;615(1):139-43.
[25]Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002;19(8):819-834.
[26]Romera C, Hurtado O, Botella S, Lizasoain I, Cardenas A, Fernandez-Tome P, Leza J, Lorenzo P, Moro M. In Vitro Ischemic Tolerance Involves Upregulation of Glutamate Transport Partly Mediated by the TACE/ADAM17-Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Pathway. J Neurosci. 2004;24(6):1350- 57.
[27]Liu J, Ginis I, Spatz M, Hallenbeck JM. Hypoxic preconditioning protects cultured neurons against hypoxic stress via TNF-α and ceramide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000;278(1):144-53.
[28]Okado-Matsumoto A, Fridovich I. Subcellular dliver istribution of superoxide dismutases (SOD) in rat. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(42):38388-93.
[29]Lee H, Bae JH, Lee SR. Protective effect of green tea polyphenol EGCG against neuronal damage and brain edema after unilateral cerebral ischemia in gerbils. J Neurosci Res. 2004;77(6):892-900.