@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(4):293-306
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(4):293-306
Physical Vulnerability Assessment of the Hashtgerd New Town against a Probable Earthquake
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Fallahi A. (1)Hassani A. (*1)
(1) Department Disaster and Reconstruction, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No. 15, Ghaem Alley 3, East Kourosh Street, North Jana-tabad, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1477816493.Phone: +98 (21) 44816439
Fax: -
Atoosa_h70@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: June 20, 2020Accepted: August 15, 2020
ePublished: December 12, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Occurrence of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, in urban environments has destructive effects and humans are also increasingly suffering from the harmful effects of these disasters. Therefore, proper recognizing and planning before the accident can reduce the devastating effects of these events, casualties and financial losses left by them. The aim of this study was to identify the vulnerability of the physical tissue of Hashtgerd new city against a probable earthquake.
Methodology The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical study. At first, eight indicators, such as, accessibility to open spaces, building density, population density, land use, closeness to fault zone, access to vital services, accessibility to street network and passage’s width were selected by using the opinion of experts and Likert scale, and finally the critical areas of the city were revealed through quantitative content analysis of indicators and weighting each of them by AHP method in Expert Choice software program, and analyzing the vulnerability of Hashtgerd new town in GIS software.
Findings Only about 18% of the city, which includes phases 1, 2, 3, and part of phase 4, were in a crisis situation. 54.91% of its area had low and very low vulnerability and 26.73% had moderate vulnerability.
Conclusion The vulnerability of the new city of Hashtgerd can be reduced by increasing the density of green spaces in the city and their proper distribution, controlling population and building density in the direction of the entrance axis and their balanced distribution in the city, increasing the number of vital centers, respecting the privacy of faults, especially in phases 2, 4 and 5 and assigning these points to spaces Urban greenery, proper planning for using the wastelands and the lack of proximity to incompatible uses.
Methodology The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical study. At first, eight indicators, such as, accessibility to open spaces, building density, population density, land use, closeness to fault zone, access to vital services, accessibility to street network and passage’s width were selected by using the opinion of experts and Likert scale, and finally the critical areas of the city were revealed through quantitative content analysis of indicators and weighting each of them by AHP method in Expert Choice software program, and analyzing the vulnerability of Hashtgerd new town in GIS software.
Findings Only about 18% of the city, which includes phases 1, 2, 3, and part of phase 4, were in a crisis situation. 54.91% of its area had low and very low vulnerability and 26.73% had moderate vulnerability.
Conclusion The vulnerability of the new city of Hashtgerd can be reduced by increasing the density of green spaces in the city and their proper distribution, controlling population and building density in the direction of the entrance axis and their balanced distribution in the city, increasing the number of vital centers, respecting the privacy of faults, especially in phases 2, 4 and 5 and assigning these points to spaces Urban greenery, proper planning for using the wastelands and the lack of proximity to incompatible uses.
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Fallahi A, Montazeriun M, Aslani F (2018). Evaluation effect of muharram mourning ceremony on social resilience against disasters. Scientific journal of rescue and relief. 10(2):74-89. Persian
[14]Farhadkhah H, Hataminejad H, Arvin M, Moradpoor N (2018). An evaluation of assumed quality of life in the new city of Andisheh. Quaterly of Environmental Based Territorial Planning. 10(39):105-130. Persian
[15]Ghanavati E, Barzegar S, Ganbabanejhad M (2010). Assessment site selection new towns in Iran case study: Andishe new town. Geographical Journal of Chashmandaz-e-Zagros. 2(5):147-163. Persian
[16]Hajinejad A, Badali A, Aghaei V (2016). The survey effective factors in vulnerability due earthquake in informal district of city zones with application of GIS, case study: 1 and 5 zones of Tabriz. Journal of Natural Environment Hazards. 4(6):33-56. Persian
[17]Heydari MJ (2018). The vulnerability assessment of urban fabric in earthquake against, case study: Old fabric of Zanjan city). Journal of Geographical Engineering of Territory. 2(3):101-115. Persian
[18]Isalou Sh, Latifi GR, Goodarzy V (2017). Assessment of physical vulnerability of the texture in district 1 of Tehran city against possible earthquakes using "IHWP" method and "GIS" system. Scientific Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (Sepehr). 25(100):73-87. Persian
[19]Khazaei Z (2012). Examination intsrumentality effective ao the drow population to new towns case study: Hashtgerd new town. Geographical Research of Territory. 32(8):113-124. Persian
[20]Kial A, Aghili M (2009). Analyzing and locating Mashhad fire stations using AHP and GIS. National Conference on Spatial Information System (GIS). 2008, 22-23 Novamber: Theran. pp. 1-10. Persian
[21]Zhang ZH (2019). A discussion on institutional improvement for ecological civilization and landscape governance in China. Landscape Architecture Frontiers. 7(3):100-105.
[22]Ma X, Ohno R (2018). earthquake resistant residential neighborhood in China: Examination of vulnerability in outdoor spaces. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies. 3(7):59-69.
[23]Merlin P (2000). New towns and European spatial development.
[24]Mobaraki O, Kashani Asl A (2014). The role of urban planning in crisis management with an emphasis on earthquakes case study of Ahar city). International Journal of Basic Science & Applied Research. 3:256-263.
[25]Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadsalehi N, Aligol M (2015). Validity and reliability of the instruments and types of measurements in health applied researches. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science. 13(12):1153-1170. Persian
[26]Mohammadi A, Ashouri K, Robati M (2017). Evaluating the components of instutional and social resilience in urban spontaneous settlements, case study: Naisar separated urban district in Sanandaj. Motaleate Shahri Journal of Urban Studies. 6(22):75-88. Persian
[27]Negaresh H (2005). Earthquakes, cities and faults. Geographical Research Quarterly Journal. 37(1):34-51. Persian
[28]New Towns Development (2017). National document for development of new towns. Tehran: Ministry of Roads and Urban Development Publiction. Persian
[29]Parand Municipal [Internet]. Construction of the first crisis management shed in 60 days [Cited 2020, 5 August; Published year, 2020, 21 July]. Parnd: Parand Municipal Publications. Available From: http://parandnew.ir/
[30]Paykadeh Consulting Engineers (2010). Review of the comprehensive plan of Hashtgerd new town. Report on current status studies. Persian
[31]Privitera R, La Rosa D (2018). Reducing seismic vulnerability and energy demand of cities through green infrastructure. Sustainability Journal. 10(8):1-21.
[32]Rumbach A (2014). Do new towns increase disaster risk? Evidence from Kolkata, India. Habitat International. 43:117-124.
[33]Shamai A, Shahsavari A (2017). Assessment the quality of life in new towns, case study: New town of Parand. Geographical Journal of Territory. 14(54):1-16. Persian
[34]Talebzadeh MH (2010). Unsustainable physical development of cities and their vulnerability to natural disasters. Housing and Rural Environment. 28(128):98-111. Persian
[35]Yaran A, Mohammadi Khoshbin H (2012). The analysis of self-Sufficiency in new cities comparing Iran’s experience, Hashtgerd new city, and South Korea. Iranian Architectural and Urban Journal. 4:99-112. Persian
[36]Zebar-Dast E, Jahan-Shahlou L (2007). A survey about Hashtgerd new city operation in surplus population attraction.
[37]Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 5(10):5-22. Persian
[38]Ziari K, Asadi S, Rabbani T, Molaei Qelich M (2014). Assessment of spatial structure and providing urban development strategies for new town of Pardis. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 45(4):1-28. Persian
[39]Ziari K, Pilevar A, Ahmadi M (2015). Analysis of measure quality of life in new towns, case study: New city of Binalud. Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal. 5(16):19-36. Persian
[2]Ahmadi H (1997). The role of urban planning in reducing the vulnerability of the city. Housing and Rural Environment Journal. (229):61-70. Persian
[3]Alimardan S, Solaymani Azad Sh, Ghorashi M, Ghorashi MR, Oveisi B, Hatami A (2015). Morphotectonic markers and active faulting research in Hashtgerd New town, west of Karaj. Geoscience Journal. 24:227-234. Persian
[4]Aslani F (2018). Understanding, analyzing and reducing the vulnerability to earthquakes (case study of east Golestan neighborhood unit: Tehran district 22). Disaster Prevention and Management Knowledge (DPMIK). 8(3):241-254, Persian
[5]Bahraini SH, Masayeli S (1996). Land use planning in earthquake zones (Mangil, Roudbar & Lowshan). 1th ed. Saeedi A, editor. Tehran: Disaster Research Institute Publications. Persian
[6]Bazi K (2016). Reflection on the issues and problems of new cities with emphasis on the new city of Ramshar (Zabul). Green Architecture Journal. (3):19-30. Persian
[7]Bhattarai K, Conway D (2010). Urban vulnerabilities in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal: Visualization of human/hazard interactions. Journal of Geographic Information System. 2(2):63-84.
[8]Borden K, Schmidtlein M, Emrich C, Piegorsch W, Cutter S (2007). Vulnerability of U.S. cities to environmental hazards. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. 4(2):1-21.
[9]Burton CG (2012). The development of metrics for community resilience to natural disasters [dissertation]. Columbia: University of South Carolina.
[10]Cutter SL, Barnes L, Berry M, Burton Ch, Evans E, Tate E, et al (2008). Community and regional resilience: perspectives from hazards, disasters and emergency management. Columbia: University of South Carolina Publictions.
[11]Dadbood A, Zangiabadi A (2019). Prioritization of effective factors on vulnerable areas of physical texture of Gorgan city, Iran. Geographical Researches. 34(3):369-376. Persian
[12]Darban Astane AR, Sheykhzadeh M, Bazgeer S (2018). The strategies for vulnerability mitigation of residential context against the earthquake a case Study for 6th region of Tehran city. Geographical Urban Planning Research Journal. 6(2):265-288. Persian
[13]Fallahi A, Montazeriun M, Aslani F (2018). Evaluation effect of muharram mourning ceremony on social resilience against disasters. Scientific journal of rescue and relief. 10(2):74-89. Persian
[14]Farhadkhah H, Hataminejad H, Arvin M, Moradpoor N (2018). An evaluation of assumed quality of life in the new city of Andisheh. Quaterly of Environmental Based Territorial Planning. 10(39):105-130. Persian
[15]Ghanavati E, Barzegar S, Ganbabanejhad M (2010). Assessment site selection new towns in Iran case study: Andishe new town. Geographical Journal of Chashmandaz-e-Zagros. 2(5):147-163. Persian
[16]Hajinejad A, Badali A, Aghaei V (2016). The survey effective factors in vulnerability due earthquake in informal district of city zones with application of GIS, case study: 1 and 5 zones of Tabriz. Journal of Natural Environment Hazards. 4(6):33-56. Persian
[17]Heydari MJ (2018). The vulnerability assessment of urban fabric in earthquake against, case study: Old fabric of Zanjan city). Journal of Geographical Engineering of Territory. 2(3):101-115. Persian
[18]Isalou Sh, Latifi GR, Goodarzy V (2017). Assessment of physical vulnerability of the texture in district 1 of Tehran city against possible earthquakes using "IHWP" method and "GIS" system. Scientific Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (Sepehr). 25(100):73-87. Persian
[19]Khazaei Z (2012). Examination intsrumentality effective ao the drow population to new towns case study: Hashtgerd new town. Geographical Research of Territory. 32(8):113-124. Persian
[20]Kial A, Aghili M (2009). Analyzing and locating Mashhad fire stations using AHP and GIS. National Conference on Spatial Information System (GIS). 2008, 22-23 Novamber: Theran. pp. 1-10. Persian
[21]Zhang ZH (2019). A discussion on institutional improvement for ecological civilization and landscape governance in China. Landscape Architecture Frontiers. 7(3):100-105.
[22]Ma X, Ohno R (2018). earthquake resistant residential neighborhood in China: Examination of vulnerability in outdoor spaces. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies. 3(7):59-69.
[23]Merlin P (2000). New towns and European spatial development.
[24]Mobaraki O, Kashani Asl A (2014). The role of urban planning in crisis management with an emphasis on earthquakes case study of Ahar city). International Journal of Basic Science & Applied Research. 3:256-263.
[25]Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadsalehi N, Aligol M (2015). Validity and reliability of the instruments and types of measurements in health applied researches. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science. 13(12):1153-1170. Persian
[26]Mohammadi A, Ashouri K, Robati M (2017). Evaluating the components of instutional and social resilience in urban spontaneous settlements, case study: Naisar separated urban district in Sanandaj. Motaleate Shahri Journal of Urban Studies. 6(22):75-88. Persian
[27]Negaresh H (2005). Earthquakes, cities and faults. Geographical Research Quarterly Journal. 37(1):34-51. Persian
[28]New Towns Development (2017). National document for development of new towns. Tehran: Ministry of Roads and Urban Development Publiction. Persian
[29]Parand Municipal [Internet]. Construction of the first crisis management shed in 60 days [Cited 2020, 5 August; Published year, 2020, 21 July]. Parnd: Parand Municipal Publications. Available From: http://parandnew.ir/
[30]Paykadeh Consulting Engineers (2010). Review of the comprehensive plan of Hashtgerd new town. Report on current status studies. Persian
[31]Privitera R, La Rosa D (2018). Reducing seismic vulnerability and energy demand of cities through green infrastructure. Sustainability Journal. 10(8):1-21.
[32]Rumbach A (2014). Do new towns increase disaster risk? Evidence from Kolkata, India. Habitat International. 43:117-124.
[33]Shamai A, Shahsavari A (2017). Assessment the quality of life in new towns, case study: New town of Parand. Geographical Journal of Territory. 14(54):1-16. Persian
[34]Talebzadeh MH (2010). Unsustainable physical development of cities and their vulnerability to natural disasters. Housing and Rural Environment. 28(128):98-111. Persian
[35]Yaran A, Mohammadi Khoshbin H (2012). The analysis of self-Sufficiency in new cities comparing Iran’s experience, Hashtgerd new city, and South Korea. Iranian Architectural and Urban Journal. 4:99-112. Persian
[36]Zebar-Dast E, Jahan-Shahlou L (2007). A survey about Hashtgerd new city operation in surplus population attraction.
[37]Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 5(10):5-22. Persian
[38]Ziari K, Asadi S, Rabbani T, Molaei Qelich M (2014). Assessment of spatial structure and providing urban development strategies for new town of Pardis. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 45(4):1-28. Persian
[39]Ziari K, Pilevar A, Ahmadi M (2015). Analysis of measure quality of life in new towns, case study: New city of Binalud. Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal. 5(16):19-36. Persian