@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(1):83-94
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(1):83-94
Assessment of Active Tectonic by Using Geomorphic Indices in Dezful-Andimeshk Basin, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Khalaj M. (*1)(*1) Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tehran Branch, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Geology, Payame Noor University of Tehran (PNU), Nakhl Street, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1955643183.Phone: +98 (21) 22442034
Fax: +98 (21) 22458369
m_khalaj@pnu.ac.ir
Article History
Received: November 27, 2019Accepted: March 13, 2020
ePublished: March 18, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Almost no area in the world can be found that has not been affected by tectonic processes. The morpho-tectonic indices of the basin are used to investigate the active tectonics. Morphometry can be defined as the quantitative measurement of the shape of the Earth’s landscape that using these quantitative measurements can identify areas with active tectonics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Active tectonic in Dezful- Andimeshk basin using five geomorphological indices of the Drainage Asymmetry Factor (Af), Relative relief (Bh), Form factor (Ff), Hypsometric integral and curve (Hi), and Stream gradient index (SL). With this research, it is possible to find out the active processes in Dezful-Andimeshk basin and the damage from natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes can be partially prevented.
Methodology This study is an applied research and has used quantitative calculations. GIS software and digital elevation map (DEM) with resolution of 30 m were used to calculate the indices. For each index, the zoning map in the study area was plotted and and each of these indices was divided into five categories of very high, high, medium, low and very low in terms of tectonic activity. Finally, by averaging the whole set of indices, a final index called relative active tectonics index (Iat) was calculated and the study area was divided into four categories of very high, high, medium and low tectonic activity.
Findings In the sub basins corresponding to Dowragh, Mountain Front Fault and Parts of the Labrian, Ramhormoz and Balarud, the measured indices show high values due to the high tectonic activity of the area.
Conclusion The results of this study show that recent relative tectonic activity in Dezful-Andimeshk basin is high and very high due to the impact of the faults on the area.
Methodology This study is an applied research and has used quantitative calculations. GIS software and digital elevation map (DEM) with resolution of 30 m were used to calculate the indices. For each index, the zoning map in the study area was plotted and and each of these indices was divided into five categories of very high, high, medium, low and very low in terms of tectonic activity. Finally, by averaging the whole set of indices, a final index called relative active tectonics index (Iat) was calculated and the study area was divided into four categories of very high, high, medium and low tectonic activity.
Findings In the sub basins corresponding to Dowragh, Mountain Front Fault and Parts of the Labrian, Ramhormoz and Balarud, the measured indices show high values due to the high tectonic activity of the area.
Conclusion The results of this study show that recent relative tectonic activity in Dezful-Andimeshk basin is high and very high due to the impact of the faults on the area.
CITATION LINKS
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[18]Maathuis BHP, Wang L (2006). Digital elevation model based hydro-processing. Geocarto International. 21(1):21-26.
[19]Maghsoudi M, Kamrani DH (2009). Evaluation effect of tectonic activity in regulation rivers channel case study: Tajan river. Journal of Natural Geography Research. 40(66):37-55. [Persian]
[20]Melosh BL, Keller EA (2013). Effects of active folding and reverse faulting on stream channel evolution, Santa Barbara Fold Belt, California. Geomorphology. 186:119-135.
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[23]Singh P, Gupta A, Singh M (2014). Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Egyptian journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 17(2):111-121.
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[25]Strahler AN (1952). Hypsometric (area–altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 63(11):1117-1142.
[26]Walker RT (2006). A remote sensing study of active folding and faulting in southern Kerman province, SE Iran. Journal of Structural Geology. 28(4):654-668.
[27]Wells SG, Bullard TF, Menges CM, Drake PG, Karas PA, Kelson KI, et al (1988). Regional variations in tectonic geomorphology along a segmented convergent plate boundary. Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Geomorphology. 1(3):239–265.
[28]Yamani M, Maghsudi M, Ghassemi MR, Mohammadnejad V (2012). Morphologic and morphometric evidence for active tectonic effects on Alluvial fans in north Damgha. Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 44(2):1-18. [Persian]
[2]Bayati Khatibi M (2009). Neotectonic affection analysis on longitudinal river profiles in Gharangho Chai basin, the Eastern slope of Sahand. Geographic-space. Ahar. 27:79-113. [Persian]
[3]Berberian M (1995). Master “blind” thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics. Tectonophysics. 241(3-4):193-224.
[4]Bull WB (1977). Tectonic geomorphology north and south of the Garlock fault, California. In: Geomorphology in Arid Regions, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Geomorphology Symposium, State University of New York. Binghamton. pp. 115-138
[5]Burbank DW, Anderson RS (2012). Tectonic Geomorphology.2nd ed. United States: Wiley.
[6]El Hamdouni R, Irigaray C, Fernandez T, Chacón J, Keller EA (2008). Assessment of relative active tectonics, southwest border of Sierra Nevada (southern Spain). Geomorphology. 96(1-2):150-173.
[7]Figueroa AM, Knott JR (2010). Tectonic geomorphology of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains (California): Evidence for uplift and basin formation. Geomorphology. 123(1-2):34- 45.
[8]Font M, Amorese D, Lagarde JL (2010). DEM and GIS analysis of the stream gradient index to evaluate effects of tectonics: The Normandy intraplate area (NW France). Geomorphology. 119(3-4):172-180.
[9]Fossen H (2010). Structural geology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[10]Guarnieri P, Pirrotta C (2008). The response of drainage basins to the late quaternary tectonics in the Sicilian Side of the Messina Strait (NE Sicily). Geomorphology. 95(3-4):260- 273.
[11]Hack JT (1973). Stream-profiles analysis and stream-gradient index. Journal of Research of the U.S Geological Survey. 1(4):421-429.
[12]Hare PW, Gardner TW (1985). Geomorphic indicators of vertical neotectonism along converging plate margins, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. In: Morisawa M, Hack JT, editors. Tectonic Geomorphology. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium, Allen and Unwin, Boston, 123-134. Tectonic Geomorphology. 4:75-104.
[13]Holbrook J, Schumm SA (1999). Geomorphic and sedimentary response of rivers to tectonic deformation: A brief review and critique of a tool for recognizing subtle epeirogenic deformation in modern and ancient settings. Tectonophysics. 305(1-3):287-306.
[14]Horton RE (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 56(3):275-370.
[15]Keller EA, Pinter N (1996). Active tectonics Earthquakes, Uplift and Landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
[16]Keller EA, Zepeda RL, Rockwell TK, Ku TL, Dinklage WS (1998). Active tectonics at Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California. Geological Society of America. Bulletin. 110(3):298-310.
[17]Keller EA, Pinter N (2002). Earthquakes, Uplift, and landscape. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
[18]Maathuis BHP, Wang L (2006). Digital elevation model based hydro-processing. Geocarto International. 21(1):21-26.
[19]Maghsoudi M, Kamrani DH (2009). Evaluation effect of tectonic activity in regulation rivers channel case study: Tajan river. Journal of Natural Geography Research. 40(66):37-55. [Persian]
[20]Melosh BL, Keller EA (2013). Effects of active folding and reverse faulting on stream channel evolution, Santa Barbara Fold Belt, California. Geomorphology. 186:119-135.
[21]Moore ID, Grayson RB, Ladson AR (1991). Digital terrain modelling: A review of hydrological, geomorphological and biological applications. Hydrological Process. 5(1):3-30.
[22]Seif A, Khosravi G (2011). Investigation of active tectonics in Zagros thrust belt Farsan region. Journal of Natural Geography Research. 42(4):125-145. [Persian]
[23]Singh P, Gupta A, Singh M (2014). Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Egyptian journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 17(2):111-121.
[24]Stocklin J (1968). Structural history and tectonics of Iran: A review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 52(7):1229-1258.
[25]Strahler AN (1952). Hypsometric (area–altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 63(11):1117-1142.
[26]Walker RT (2006). A remote sensing study of active folding and faulting in southern Kerman province, SE Iran. Journal of Structural Geology. 28(4):654-668.
[27]Wells SG, Bullard TF, Menges CM, Drake PG, Karas PA, Kelson KI, et al (1988). Regional variations in tectonic geomorphology along a segmented convergent plate boundary. Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Geomorphology. 1(3):239–265.
[28]Yamani M, Maghsudi M, Ghassemi MR, Mohammadnejad V (2012). Morphologic and morphometric evidence for active tectonic effects on Alluvial fans in north Damgha. Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 44(2):1-18. [Persian]