@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(4):355-366
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(4):355-366
Prioritizing the Behavioral Components of Tourists to Increase Satisfaction with the Holy Cities; Case Study of Mashhad, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Hassani P. (1)Seyedolhosseini SM. (*1)
Sarvari H. (1)
Hanaee T. (1)
(1) Department of Urban Planning, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No. 9, Shahid Payandeh 2, Razavi 22, Razavi Boulevard, Mashhad, Iran.Phone: -
Fax: -
seyedolhosseini5930@mashdiau.ac
Article History
Received: June 14, 2020Accepted: August 15, 2020
ePublished: December 12, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Religious tourism is considered one of the most prosperous tourism types by many planners and managers of holy cities. Tourists are one of the most influential groups in planning holy cities, and it is necessary to see tourists’ behavior in the plans and policies of urban planners because planning holy cities by the behavior of tourists lead to their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and prioritize tourists’ behavioral components in Mashhad to obtain their satisfaction.
Methodology This descriptive study was conducted in the summer of 2019 in tourists in Mashhad. 384 people were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data, and the Friedman test was used to prioritize.
Findings The loyalty component related to the satisfaction dimension with an average of 4.80, the mental image component related to the attitude dimension with an average of 4.35 and the needs component related to the motivation dimension with an average of 4.18 had the most and the commitment components with an average of 3.46 and participation with an average of 3.28 had the least impact on urban planning.
Conclusion To gain more satisfaction with tourists, the results of which can be reflected in participation, commitment, and loyalty to the destination city, accurate and comprehensive identification of tourist behavior in the destination city should be considered by managers and urban planners.
Methodology This descriptive study was conducted in the summer of 2019 in tourists in Mashhad. 384 people were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data, and the Friedman test was used to prioritize.
Findings The loyalty component related to the satisfaction dimension with an average of 4.80, the mental image component related to the attitude dimension with an average of 4.35 and the needs component related to the motivation dimension with an average of 4.18 had the most and the commitment components with an average of 3.46 and participation with an average of 3.28 had the least impact on urban planning.
Conclusion To gain more satisfaction with tourists, the results of which can be reflected in participation, commitment, and loyalty to the destination city, accurate and comprehensive identification of tourist behavior in the destination city should be considered by managers and urban planners.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Ahmadi M, Mohammadi G (2014). Prioritize and determine the factors affecting the motivations and needs of sacred defense tourism. Basij Strategic Studies Quarterly. 17(65):115-140. [Persian]
[2]Aghajani H, Amirfakhriyan M, Biniaz MK (2012). Pilgrimage and tourism in the programs and major documents of the country's development with emphasis on the pilgrimage of Imam Reza (AS). Journal of Social Studies tourism. 1(1):63-75.
[3]Astuti Pratminingsih S, Lipuringtyas Rudatin Ch, Tetty R (2014). Roles of motivation and destination image in predicting tourist revisit intention: A case of Bandung – Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. 5(1):19-24.
[4]Amiri Aghdaei F, Rezaei Dolatabadi H, Ansari A, Al-Ajaji H (2016). The mediating role of satisfaction in the effect of destination image on the development of religious tourism. Business Management Perspective. 27:107-124.
[5]Berger P (1967). A sociological view of the secularization of theology. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing. 6(1):3-16.
[6]Bideci M, Albayrak T (2016). Motivations of the Russian and German tourists visiting pilgrimage site of Saint Nicholas Church. Tourism Management Perspectives. 18:10–13.
[7]Bozic S, Spasojevic B, Vujicic MD, Stamenkovic I (2016). Exploring the motives of religious travel by applying the AHP method-The case study of Monastery Vujan (Serbia). International Journal Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage. 4(4):33-47.
[8]Buckley RC (2016). Qualitative analysis of emotions: Fear and thrill. Frontiers in Psychology. 7(1):1–13.
[9]Brennan Horley C (2012). Mental mapping the ‘creative city. Journal of Maps. 6(1):250-259.
[10]Chand M (2010). A cross-national study of motivational determinants among non-resident Indian visitors to religious centers in India. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 11(1):22-38.
[11]Collins Kreiner N (2020). A review of research into religion and tourism Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on religion and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 82:1-22.
[12]Collins Kreiner N, Shmueli DF, Gal M B (2015). Understanding conflicts at religious-tourism sites: The Baha'i World Center, Israel. Tourism Management Perspectives. 16:228-236.
[13]Carmona M, Heath T, Oc T, Tiesdell S (2003). Public places- urban spaces, The dimensions of urban design. 2nd ed. Jordan Hill, Oxford: Architectural Press.
[14]Edgell D.L, DelMastro Allen M, Smith G, Swanson JR (2008). Tourism policy and planning: Yesterday, today and tomorrow.1st ed. Jordan Hill, Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
[15]Galzacorta M, Guereño Omil B, Makua A, Iriberri JL, Santoma R (2016). Pilgrimage as tourism experience: The case of the Ignatian way. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage. 4(4):48-66.
[16]Hosseinipour SE, Rezaei Dolatabadi H, kazemi A (2016). Investigating the factors of traction and drift affecting the intention of religious tourism and how it affects them (Qom city). Tourism Management Studies. 11(36):109-124. [Persian]
[17]Hung K, Petrick JF (2011). Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation scale. Tourism Management. 32:386-393.
[18]Hung K, Petrick JF (2011). Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation scale. Tourism Management. 32(2):386-393.
[19]Imani Khoshkhoo MH, Bad M (2016). Typology of Karbala pilgrims based on the purpose and motivation of the trip case study: Arbaeen walk. Tourism and Development Quarterly. 5(3):155-137.
[20]Jang S, Feng R4 (2007). Temporal destination revisit intention: The effects of novelty seeking and satisfaction. Tourism Management. 28(2):580-590.
[21]Kujawa J (2017). Spiritual tourism as a quest. Tourism Management Perspectives. 24:193–200.
[22]Li X, Petrick JF (2010). Revisiting the commitment-loyalty distinction in a cruising context. Journal of Leisure Research. 42(1):67–90.
[23]Lo AS, Lee C (2011). Motivations and perceived value of volunteer tourists from Hong Kong. Tourism Management. 32(2):326-334.
[24]MacKay K, Fesenmaier D (1998). A process approach to segmenting the gateway travel market. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 7(3):1-18.
[25]McKercher B, Cros H (2003). Testing a cultural tourism typology. Tourism Research. 5(1):45-58.
[26]Moutinho L (1987). Consumer behavior in tourism. European Journal of Marketing. 21(10):1-44.
[27]Prayag G (2012). Senior travelers‟ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 29(7):665-681.
[28]Pritchard MP, Havitz ME, Howard DR (1999). Analyzing the commitment-loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 27(3):333-348.
[29]Raj R, Morpeth N (2007). Religious tourism and pilgrimage festivals management an international. International Journal of Tourism Research. 10(3):290-291.
[30]Ragheb MG, Tate RL (1993). A behavioural model of leisure participation, based on leisure attitude, motivation and satisfaction. Leisure Stud. 12(1):61-70.
[31]Sadeh E, Asgari F, Mousavi L, Sadeh S (2012). Factors affecting tourist satisfaction and its consequences. Journal of Basic Appl Scientific Research. 2(2):1557-1560.
[32]Sangpikul A (2008). Travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Tourism Research. 10(1):81-94.
[33]Shinde KA (2012). Place-making and environmental change in a Hindu pilgrimage site in India. Geoforum. 43(1):116-127.
[34]Smith V (1992). Introduction: The quest in guest. Annals of Tourism Research. 19(1):1-171.
[35]Toth G, David L (2010). Tourism and accessibility: An integrated approach. Applied Geography. 30(4):666-677.
[36]Turner V (1973). The centre out there: Pilgrim’s goal. History of Religions. 12(3):191-230.
[37]Veicy H (2017). Investigating the tourism industry policy in the upstream laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Studies in Public Policy. 7(25):93-112.
[38]VanVuuren C, Slabbert E (2011). Travel behaviour of tourists to a South African holiday resort. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences. 17(4):694–707.
[39]Zamani Farahani H, Eid R (2016). Muslim world: A study of tourism & pilgrimage among OIC Member States. Tourism Management Perspectives. 19:144-149.
[40]Zhang H, Fu X, Cai LA, Lu L (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A Meta analysis. Tourism Management. 40:213–223.
[2]Aghajani H, Amirfakhriyan M, Biniaz MK (2012). Pilgrimage and tourism in the programs and major documents of the country's development with emphasis on the pilgrimage of Imam Reza (AS). Journal of Social Studies tourism. 1(1):63-75.
[3]Astuti Pratminingsih S, Lipuringtyas Rudatin Ch, Tetty R (2014). Roles of motivation and destination image in predicting tourist revisit intention: A case of Bandung – Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. 5(1):19-24.
[4]Amiri Aghdaei F, Rezaei Dolatabadi H, Ansari A, Al-Ajaji H (2016). The mediating role of satisfaction in the effect of destination image on the development of religious tourism. Business Management Perspective. 27:107-124.
[5]Berger P (1967). A sociological view of the secularization of theology. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing. 6(1):3-16.
[6]Bideci M, Albayrak T (2016). Motivations of the Russian and German tourists visiting pilgrimage site of Saint Nicholas Church. Tourism Management Perspectives. 18:10–13.
[7]Bozic S, Spasojevic B, Vujicic MD, Stamenkovic I (2016). Exploring the motives of religious travel by applying the AHP method-The case study of Monastery Vujan (Serbia). International Journal Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage. 4(4):33-47.
[8]Buckley RC (2016). Qualitative analysis of emotions: Fear and thrill. Frontiers in Psychology. 7(1):1–13.
[9]Brennan Horley C (2012). Mental mapping the ‘creative city. Journal of Maps. 6(1):250-259.
[10]Chand M (2010). A cross-national study of motivational determinants among non-resident Indian visitors to religious centers in India. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 11(1):22-38.
[11]Collins Kreiner N (2020). A review of research into religion and tourism Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on religion and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 82:1-22.
[12]Collins Kreiner N, Shmueli DF, Gal M B (2015). Understanding conflicts at religious-tourism sites: The Baha'i World Center, Israel. Tourism Management Perspectives. 16:228-236.
[13]Carmona M, Heath T, Oc T, Tiesdell S (2003). Public places- urban spaces, The dimensions of urban design. 2nd ed. Jordan Hill, Oxford: Architectural Press.
[14]Edgell D.L, DelMastro Allen M, Smith G, Swanson JR (2008). Tourism policy and planning: Yesterday, today and tomorrow.1st ed. Jordan Hill, Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
[15]Galzacorta M, Guereño Omil B, Makua A, Iriberri JL, Santoma R (2016). Pilgrimage as tourism experience: The case of the Ignatian way. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage. 4(4):48-66.
[16]Hosseinipour SE, Rezaei Dolatabadi H, kazemi A (2016). Investigating the factors of traction and drift affecting the intention of religious tourism and how it affects them (Qom city). Tourism Management Studies. 11(36):109-124. [Persian]
[17]Hung K, Petrick JF (2011). Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation scale. Tourism Management. 32:386-393.
[18]Hung K, Petrick JF (2011). Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation scale. Tourism Management. 32(2):386-393.
[19]Imani Khoshkhoo MH, Bad M (2016). Typology of Karbala pilgrims based on the purpose and motivation of the trip case study: Arbaeen walk. Tourism and Development Quarterly. 5(3):155-137.
[20]Jang S, Feng R4 (2007). Temporal destination revisit intention: The effects of novelty seeking and satisfaction. Tourism Management. 28(2):580-590.
[21]Kujawa J (2017). Spiritual tourism as a quest. Tourism Management Perspectives. 24:193–200.
[22]Li X, Petrick JF (2010). Revisiting the commitment-loyalty distinction in a cruising context. Journal of Leisure Research. 42(1):67–90.
[23]Lo AS, Lee C (2011). Motivations and perceived value of volunteer tourists from Hong Kong. Tourism Management. 32(2):326-334.
[24]MacKay K, Fesenmaier D (1998). A process approach to segmenting the gateway travel market. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 7(3):1-18.
[25]McKercher B, Cros H (2003). Testing a cultural tourism typology. Tourism Research. 5(1):45-58.
[26]Moutinho L (1987). Consumer behavior in tourism. European Journal of Marketing. 21(10):1-44.
[27]Prayag G (2012). Senior travelers‟ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 29(7):665-681.
[28]Pritchard MP, Havitz ME, Howard DR (1999). Analyzing the commitment-loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 27(3):333-348.
[29]Raj R, Morpeth N (2007). Religious tourism and pilgrimage festivals management an international. International Journal of Tourism Research. 10(3):290-291.
[30]Ragheb MG, Tate RL (1993). A behavioural model of leisure participation, based on leisure attitude, motivation and satisfaction. Leisure Stud. 12(1):61-70.
[31]Sadeh E, Asgari F, Mousavi L, Sadeh S (2012). Factors affecting tourist satisfaction and its consequences. Journal of Basic Appl Scientific Research. 2(2):1557-1560.
[32]Sangpikul A (2008). Travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Tourism Research. 10(1):81-94.
[33]Shinde KA (2012). Place-making and environmental change in a Hindu pilgrimage site in India. Geoforum. 43(1):116-127.
[34]Smith V (1992). Introduction: The quest in guest. Annals of Tourism Research. 19(1):1-171.
[35]Toth G, David L (2010). Tourism and accessibility: An integrated approach. Applied Geography. 30(4):666-677.
[36]Turner V (1973). The centre out there: Pilgrim’s goal. History of Religions. 12(3):191-230.
[37]Veicy H (2017). Investigating the tourism industry policy in the upstream laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Studies in Public Policy. 7(25):93-112.
[38]VanVuuren C, Slabbert E (2011). Travel behaviour of tourists to a South African holiday resort. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences. 17(4):694–707.
[39]Zamani Farahani H, Eid R (2016). Muslim world: A study of tourism & pilgrimage among OIC Member States. Tourism Management Perspectives. 19:144-149.
[40]Zhang H, Fu X, Cai LA, Lu L (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A Meta analysis. Tourism Management. 40:213–223.