@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):221-227
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):221-227
Effect of Oil Paint Fumes Inhalation on the Level of Serum Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Siavashi M. (*)Ahmadi R. (1)
(*) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
(1) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan, Professor Mussivand Bulverde, Madani Town, Hamedan, IranPhone: +988134494000
Fax: +988134494026
msiavashi80@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: July 23, 2015Accepted: May 10, 2016
ePublished: June 30, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
The exposure to chemical materials and colors affects thyroid gland functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fume inhalation of oil-based paints on the serum level of thyroid hormones in female and male rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 15 male and 15 female Wistar rats were studied. The rats were divided into six 5-rat groups including a control group and groups with either 1- or 8-hour a day exposure to the paint fumes by gender division. The serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH thyroid hormones were measured after 10 weeks. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc.
Findings Mean values of T3 and T4 hormones were significantly reduced in both 1- and 8-hour male and female groups than control group (p<0.001). In addition, the more the inhalation time, the more the reduction was. Any reduction in T3 in females in 1-hour (p<0.001) and 8–hour (p<0.05) groups was significantly more than the males. Nevertheless, a significant reduction in T4 was only in 1-hour group (p<0.001). Mean TSH hormone was significantly increased due to the inhalation of paint fume than control group (p<0.001). In addition, such an increase was significant in the female rats in 8-hour group than the male group (p<0.01).
Conclusion The inhalation of oil-based paint fume leads to a reduction in the serum levels of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones, while increases TSH serum level. Such an effect is stronger in the females.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 15 male and 15 female Wistar rats were studied. The rats were divided into six 5-rat groups including a control group and groups with either 1- or 8-hour a day exposure to the paint fumes by gender division. The serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH thyroid hormones were measured after 10 weeks. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc.
Findings Mean values of T3 and T4 hormones were significantly reduced in both 1- and 8-hour male and female groups than control group (p<0.001). In addition, the more the inhalation time, the more the reduction was. Any reduction in T3 in females in 1-hour (p<0.001) and 8–hour (p<0.05) groups was significantly more than the males. Nevertheless, a significant reduction in T4 was only in 1-hour group (p<0.001). Mean TSH hormone was significantly increased due to the inhalation of paint fume than control group (p<0.001). In addition, such an increase was significant in the female rats in 8-hour group than the male group (p<0.01).
Conclusion The inhalation of oil-based paint fume leads to a reduction in the serum levels of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones, while increases TSH serum level. Such an effect is stronger in the females.
CITATION LINKS
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[15]NourEddine D, Miloud S, Abdelkaader A. Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain. Toxicol. 2005;207(3):363-8.
[16]Zhang F, Degitz SJ, Holcombe GW, Kosian PA, Tietge J, Veldhoen N, et al. Evaluation of gene expression endpoints in the context a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis based bioassay to detect thyroid hormone disruptors. Aquat Toxicol. 2006;76(1):24-36.
[17]Veldhoen N, Boggs A, Walzak K, Helbing CC. Exposure to tetrabromobisphenol-A alters TH-associated gene expression and tadpole metamorphosis in the Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla. Aquat Toxicol. 2006;78(3):292-302.
[18]Kulikowska-Karpińska E, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Lead and Zinc influence on antioxidant enzyme activity and melondialdhyde concentration in thyroid. Plish J Environ Stud. 2001;10(3):161-5.
[19]Gustafson A, Hedner P, Schutz A, Skerfving S. Occuptional lead exposure and pituitary function. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1989;61(4):277-81.
[20]Scott GR, Sloman KA. The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: Integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity. Aquat Toxicol. 2004;68(4):369-92.
[21]Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, John R, N'Diaye M, Prysor-Jones SG. Endemic goitre in Senegal-thyroid function etiological factors and treatment with oral iodized oil. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1992;126(2):149-54.
[22]Pedraza PE, Obregon MJ, Escobar-Morreale HF, del Rey FE, de Escobar GM. Mechanisms of adaptation to iodine deficiency in rats: thyroid status is tissue specific, Its relevance for man. Endocrinol. 2006;147(5):2098-108.
[23]Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Bulow I, Ovesen L, Jorgensen T. Risk factors for goiter and thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2002;12(10):879-88.
[2]Burel C, Boujard T, Kaushik SJ, Boeuf G, Mol KA, Van der Geyten S, et al. Effects of rapeseed meal-glucosinolates on thyroid metabolism and feed utilization in rainbow trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2001;124(3):343-58.
[3]Kinne A, Schülein R, Krause G. Primary and secondary thyroid hormone transporters. Thyroid Res. 2011;4(Suppl 1):S7.
[4]Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A. Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking: Direct comparison of toxicant exposure. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6):518-23.
[5]Costanza M, Musio S, Abou-Hamdan M, Binart N, Pedotti R. Prolactin is not required for the development of severe chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2013;191(5):2082-8.
[6]Vaziri ND, Ding Y. Effect of lead on nitric oxide synthase expression in coronary endothelial cells: Role of superoxide. Hypertens. 2001;37(2):223-6.
[7]Arnold E, Thebault S, Baeza-Cruz G, Arredondo Zamarripa D, Adán N, et al. The hormone prolactin is a novel, endogenous trophic factor able to regulate reactive glia and to limit retinal degeneration. J Neurosci. 2014;34(5):1868-78.
[8]Vigeh M, Smith DR, Hsu PC. How does lead induce male infertility?. Iran J Reprod Med. 2011;9(1):1-8.
[9]Mokhtari M, Shariari M, Goshmardi N. Effect of lead on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes in adult male rats. Hormozgan Med J. 2007;11(2):115-20. [Persian]
[10]Vreeburg JT, Samaun K, Verkade HJ, Verhoef P, Ooms MP, Weber RF. Effects of corticosterone on the negative feedback action of testosterone, 5 alpha- dihydro testosterone and estradiol in the adult male rat. J Steroid Biochem. 1988;29(1):93-8.
[11]Iyer RS, Scott JA. Power station fly ash-a review of value-added utilization outside of the construction industry. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2001;31(3):217-28.
[12]Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LG, Erickson T. Toxicology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2001. pp. 133-44.
[13]Lau YS, Camoratto AM, White LM, Moriarty CM. Effect of lead on TRH and GRF binding in rat anterior pituitary membranes. Toxicol. 1991;68(2):169-79.
[14]Olney JW. New Insights and New Issues in Developmental Neurotoxicology. Neurotoxicology. 2002;23(6):659-68.
[15]NourEddine D, Miloud S, Abdelkaader A. Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain. Toxicol. 2005;207(3):363-8.
[16]Zhang F, Degitz SJ, Holcombe GW, Kosian PA, Tietge J, Veldhoen N, et al. Evaluation of gene expression endpoints in the context a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis based bioassay to detect thyroid hormone disruptors. Aquat Toxicol. 2006;76(1):24-36.
[17]Veldhoen N, Boggs A, Walzak K, Helbing CC. Exposure to tetrabromobisphenol-A alters TH-associated gene expression and tadpole metamorphosis in the Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla. Aquat Toxicol. 2006;78(3):292-302.
[18]Kulikowska-Karpińska E, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Lead and Zinc influence on antioxidant enzyme activity and melondialdhyde concentration in thyroid. Plish J Environ Stud. 2001;10(3):161-5.
[19]Gustafson A, Hedner P, Schutz A, Skerfving S. Occuptional lead exposure and pituitary function. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1989;61(4):277-81.
[20]Scott GR, Sloman KA. The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: Integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity. Aquat Toxicol. 2004;68(4):369-92.
[21]Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, John R, N'Diaye M, Prysor-Jones SG. Endemic goitre in Senegal-thyroid function etiological factors and treatment with oral iodized oil. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1992;126(2):149-54.
[22]Pedraza PE, Obregon MJ, Escobar-Morreale HF, del Rey FE, de Escobar GM. Mechanisms of adaptation to iodine deficiency in rats: thyroid status is tissue specific, Its relevance for man. Endocrinol. 2006;147(5):2098-108.
[23]Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Bulow I, Ovesen L, Jorgensen T. Risk factors for goiter and thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2002;12(10):879-88.