@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2021;36(2):99-113
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2021;36(2):99-113
Site Selection of Potential Zones for Wind-Catchers in Hot and Dry Areas of IRAN to Naturally Ventilate the Building
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Yahyaei M. (1)Mofidi Shemirani SM. (*2)
Ahmadi V. (1)
(*2) Department of Architecture, Fac- ulty of Architecture and Urbanism, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
(1) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: September 4, 2020Accepted: October 20, 2020
ePublished: June 16, 2021
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
The purpose of this study was to locate wind-catcher sites in regions with hot and arid climates in the country (Semnan province).
Methodology The current study is empirical in terms of purpose. First, the initial list of indicators affecting the location of the wind-catchers was prepared by reviewing the fundamental theories was approved by the Delphi method. Then, a combined model was used to find the potential areas for wind-catchers establishment. This model includes the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) technique and the Geographic Information System (GIS). The tools used for this purpose were ArcGIS software, version 9.3, and Expert Choice software, version 2004. The pair comparison method was used to weigh the indicators and zones.
Findings Six indicators of sunny hours, wind, altitude, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were identified to locate the win-catchers. The relative humidity index with a weight of 0.38 had the highest score and the height index with a weight of 0.154 had the lowest score. The layer for each indicator was prepared and drawn for the eight cities of the province. Eventually, according to the scores estimated by the pairwise comparison of the indicators and the studied areas, the priorities of the cities of Semnan province in terms of the wind-catchers establishment are as follows: Semnan, Garmsar, Aradan, Sorkheh, Damghan, Shahroud, Miami and Mehdishahr.
Conclusion The optimal locating of wind-catchers requires a combination of several indicators that was possible using the hierarchical analysis method combined with GIS. The final model is practical and generalizable to similar climates.
Methodology The current study is empirical in terms of purpose. First, the initial list of indicators affecting the location of the wind-catchers was prepared by reviewing the fundamental theories was approved by the Delphi method. Then, a combined model was used to find the potential areas for wind-catchers establishment. This model includes the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) technique and the Geographic Information System (GIS). The tools used for this purpose were ArcGIS software, version 9.3, and Expert Choice software, version 2004. The pair comparison method was used to weigh the indicators and zones.
Findings Six indicators of sunny hours, wind, altitude, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were identified to locate the win-catchers. The relative humidity index with a weight of 0.38 had the highest score and the height index with a weight of 0.154 had the lowest score. The layer for each indicator was prepared and drawn for the eight cities of the province. Eventually, according to the scores estimated by the pairwise comparison of the indicators and the studied areas, the priorities of the cities of Semnan province in terms of the wind-catchers establishment are as follows: Semnan, Garmsar, Aradan, Sorkheh, Damghan, Shahroud, Miami and Mehdishahr.
Conclusion The optimal locating of wind-catchers requires a combination of several indicators that was possible using the hierarchical analysis method combined with GIS. The final model is practical and generalizable to similar climates.
Keywords:
Site locating,
Wind-catcher,
Geographic Information System,
Hierarchical Analysis Method,
Hot and Dry Climate,
Semnan Province,
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Khajoo M, Tayebi Sani S M, Fahiminejad A, Morsal B (2019). Evaluating and Analyzing the Spatial Justice in the Distribution of Sports Applications and Services in Garmsar County. Geographical Researches. 34(4):551-558. [Persian]
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[19]Mokhtari M, Hosseini F, Babaee A A, Mirhoseini S A (2015). Application of AHP and TOPSIS models for site selection of municipal solid waste landfill (case study: Lali City). The Journal of Toloo-e-Behdasht. 14(4):143–153. [Persian]
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[23]Rathore S, Ahmad S A, Shirazi S A (2016). Use of the suitability model to identify landfill sites in Lahore-Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 12:103–108.
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[26]Şener Ş, Sener E, Karaguzel R (2011). Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: a case study in Senirkent–Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 173(1-4):533–554.
[27]Shafei Sabet N, Hosseini Hasel S, Rahbari M (2019). Assessment of rural management, empowerment of local stakeholders and physical developments of rural settlements (Case Study: Semnan Province). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 38(165):113-128. [persia]
[28]Shi Y, Liu X (2019). Research on the literature of green building based on the web of science: A scientometric analysis in cite space (2002–2018). Sustainability. 11(13):3716.
[29]Valipoor M, Bahrami M, Rahimabadi A, Karimi O (2014). Location of Boroujerd gas station using geographic information system (GIS). Journal of Zagros Perspective. 6(20):161-179. [Persian]
[30]Valian T, Mofidi Shemirani S M, Mahmoodi M (2020). Sustainable Development Patterns in the Architecture of Semnan Wind-Catchers. Georaphical Research Journal. 35 (2). 129-140. [Persian].
[31]Valizadeh R (2007). Location of high school educational centers using geographic information system (case study of Tabriz city). Geographical Sciences. 10:59-87.
[32]Zandieh M, Parvardinejad S (2010). Sustainable development and its concepts in Iranian residential architecture. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 29(130):2-21. [Persian]
[33]Ziabakhsh N, Sadat Zad G, Davoodi A (2011). Comparative study of sustainability in residential and indigenous architecture of hot and dry climate based on wind-catcherss and materials (Case study: Nain and Taft houses). Proceedings of National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Energy Management. [Persian]
[34]Ziari Y, Khodadadi R (2013). Investigating and locating postal service centers using AHP method in GIS environment (Case study: Semnan city). Environmental Management Journal. 6(20):177-193
[2]Alesheikh A A, Soltani MJ, Nouri N, Khalilzadeh M (2008). Land assessment for flood spreading site selection using geospatial information system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 5(4):455-462.
[3]Arab M, Farokhzad M (2020). Road residence location in Semnan province with approach to earth-sheltered architecture. Geographical Planning of Space Quaterly Journal. 9(32):181-198. [Persian]
[4]Bertolini, M, Braglia M, Carmignani G (2006). Application of the AHP methodology in making a proposal for a public work contract. International Journal of Project Management. 24(5):422-430.
[5]Beskese A, Demir H H, Ozcan H K, Okten H E (2015). Landfill site selection using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS: A case study for Istanbul. Environmental Earth Sciences. 73(7): 3513–3521.
[6]Chou, Y C, Yen H Y, Dang V T, Sun C C (2019). Assessing the human resource in science and technology for Asian countries: Application of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS. Symmetry. 11(2):251.
[7]Fatemi Sh, Taki D (2015). The role of architecture in optimizing energy consumption in buildings. the 3rd National Conference on Climate, Building and Optimizing Energy Consumption with a Sustainable Development Approach. [Persian]
[8]Healey M, Ilbery B (1990). Location and change: Perspective on economic geography. New York: Oxford University Press.
[9]Hekmatnia H, Ansari Zh (2012). Planning of housing in Meybod with sustainable development approach. Human Geography Research Quaterly. 44(79):191-207. [Persian]
[10]Heydari N, Doostan R, Habibi Nokhandan M (2017). Site selection of urban meteorological stations in Mashhad. Journal of Climate Research. 27(27):59-75. [Persian]
[11]Kamyabi S, Seyedalipoor S K, Hasanabadi M (2013). Site selection of the shelter in the city of Semnan with the use of the GIS analytical tool and the process of "analysis" of the HAHP series, with the approach of "4-6 city management", 49, number 1, disciplinary geography. 1(3):49-64.
[12]Kamyabi S, Seyedalipoor S K, Hasanabadi M (2013). Site selection of the shelter in the city of Semnan with the use of the GIS analytical tool and the process of "analysis" of the HAHP series, with the approach of "4-6 city management", 49, number 1, disciplinary geography. 1(3):49-64.
[13]Khajoo M, Tayebi Sani S M, Fahiminejad A, Morsal B (2019). Evaluating and Analyzing the Spatial Justice in the Distribution of Sports Applications and Services in Garmsar County. Geographical Researches. 34(4):551-558. [Persian]
[14]Khorsandi H, Faramarzi A, Aghapour A A, Jafari S J (2019). Landfill site selection via integrating multi-criteria decision techniques with geographic information systems: A case study in Naqadeh, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 730.
[15]Mahdavinejad M J, Javanroodi K (2012). Comparative Evaluation of Airflow in Two kinds of Yazdi and Kermani Wind-Towers. Journal of Honar-Haye-Ziba. 3(4):69-80. [Persian]
[16]Mahmoodi Zarandi M (2016). An analysis on the orientation, Position and Dimensions of Wind-catchers in Vernacular Houses of Yazd. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 35(153): 35-46. [Persian]
[17]Mohammadi Sangli Kh, Gharashi S (2016). Sustainable urban development; global approach with local solutions (case study: review of sustainability criteria in traditional architecture of Yazd city). Art and Architecture studies. 4 & 5(11 & 12):87-99. [Persian]
[18]Moharamnejad N, Laghai H A, Arjmandi R, Alesheikh A A, Bahmanpour H (2013). Ecological capability evaluation of outdoor recreation by integrating geographic information system (GIS) and index overlaying (IO). Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 38:121–134.
[19]Mokhtari M, Hosseini F, Babaee A A, Mirhoseini S A (2015). Application of AHP and TOPSIS models for site selection of municipal solid waste landfill (case study: Lali City). The Journal of Toloo-e-Behdasht. 14(4):143–153. [Persian]
[20]Morahemi Sh, Yari Broojeni N, Saadvandi M (2017). Typology of loft badgirs’ (wind towers) Based on façade ornaments. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 36(159):19-34. [Persian]
[21]Vaidya O, Kumar S (2006). Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of Operational Research. 169(1):1-29.
[22]Poorahmadi M, Ayatalahi M H (2011). Refunctioning solutions for different wind catchers of Yazd based on their related summer side spaces. Journal of Architecture Hot and dry climate. 1(1):7-18. [Persian]
[23]Rathore S, Ahmad S A, Shirazi S A (2016). Use of the suitability model to identify landfill sites in Lahore-Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 12:103–108.
[24]Roohi S (2014). The use of wind energy in wind-catcherss in order to reduce the cooling load of the building. Proceedings of the 2end International Congress of Structural, Architectural and Urban Development. [Persain]
[25]SCI. [Internet] Statistical center of Iran. [Published 2019, 15 August; Cited 2019, 27 May]. Available from:
[26]Şener Ş, Sener E, Karaguzel R (2011). Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: a case study in Senirkent–Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 173(1-4):533–554.
[27]Shafei Sabet N, Hosseini Hasel S, Rahbari M (2019). Assessment of rural management, empowerment of local stakeholders and physical developments of rural settlements (Case Study: Semnan Province). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 38(165):113-128. [persia]
[28]Shi Y, Liu X (2019). Research on the literature of green building based on the web of science: A scientometric analysis in cite space (2002–2018). Sustainability. 11(13):3716.
[29]Valipoor M, Bahrami M, Rahimabadi A, Karimi O (2014). Location of Boroujerd gas station using geographic information system (GIS). Journal of Zagros Perspective. 6(20):161-179. [Persian]
[30]Valian T, Mofidi Shemirani S M, Mahmoodi M (2020). Sustainable Development Patterns in the Architecture of Semnan Wind-Catchers. Georaphical Research Journal. 35 (2). 129-140. [Persian].
[31]Valizadeh R (2007). Location of high school educational centers using geographic information system (case study of Tabriz city). Geographical Sciences. 10:59-87.
[32]Zandieh M, Parvardinejad S (2010). Sustainable development and its concepts in Iranian residential architecture. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 29(130):2-21. [Persian]
[33]Ziabakhsh N, Sadat Zad G, Davoodi A (2011). Comparative study of sustainability in residential and indigenous architecture of hot and dry climate based on wind-catcherss and materials (Case study: Nain and Taft houses). Proceedings of National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Energy Management. [Persian]
[34]Ziari Y, Khodadadi R (2013). Investigating and locating postal service centers using AHP method in GIS environment (Case study: Semnan city). Environmental Management Journal. 6(20):177-193