@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):21-26
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):21-26
Effectiveness of “Task Concentration Training” in Reducing the Anxiety Symptoms in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Golmohammadi K. (*)Shairi M.R. (1)
Asghari Moghaddam M.A. (1)
(*) Clinical Psychology Department, Literature & Humanities Sciences Faculty, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran
(1) Clinical Psychology Department, Literature & Humanities Sciences Faculty, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Clinical Psychology Department, Humanities Sciences Faculty, Shahed University, Affront of Imam Khomeini Holy Shrine, Persian Gulf Freeway, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 51212470
Fax: +98 (21) 51212433
karimgolpsy68@gmail.com
Article History
Received: January 26, 2016Accepted: July 19, 2016
ePublished: January 19, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
As a common disorder, the social anxiety disorder is characterized by the persistent fear of social situations and severe physical and mental reactions. Its prevalence and effect being noticed, different psychotherapy methods were raised to reduce or annihilate it. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of task-concentration training technics on the social anxiety symptom reduction in persons with social anxiety.
Materials & Methods In the controlled pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study, 20 students with social anxiety disorder were studied in Shahed University in 2014-15 academic year. The subjects, selected via stepwise cluster sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including control and experimental (task concentration training) groups. Data was collected using the social anxiety questionnaire and the structured clinical interview. Five one-hour task-concentration treatment sessions were conducted in experimental group. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using independent T test.
Findings The mean scores of social anxiety and its sub-scales were not significantly different in experimental and control groups at the pretest stage (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the pretest-posttest differences of the scores of social anxiety and its subscales including avoidance, fear, and physiologic discomfort between the groups were significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion The task-concentration training techniques reduce the social anxiety symptoms in persons with social anxiety disorders.
Materials & Methods In the controlled pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study, 20 students with social anxiety disorder were studied in Shahed University in 2014-15 academic year. The subjects, selected via stepwise cluster sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including control and experimental (task concentration training) groups. Data was collected using the social anxiety questionnaire and the structured clinical interview. Five one-hour task-concentration treatment sessions were conducted in experimental group. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using independent T test.
Findings The mean scores of social anxiety and its sub-scales were not significantly different in experimental and control groups at the pretest stage (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the pretest-posttest differences of the scores of social anxiety and its subscales including avoidance, fear, and physiologic discomfort between the groups were significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion The task-concentration training techniques reduce the social anxiety symptoms in persons with social anxiety disorders.
CITATION LINKS
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[20]Bogels SM. Task concentration training versus applied relaxation, in combination with cognitive therapy, for social phobia patients with fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating. Behav Res Ther. 2006;(44):1199-1210.
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[24]Bogels SM, Mulkens S, De Jong PJ. Task concentration training and fear of blushing. Clin Psychol Psychother. 1997;4(4):251-8.
[2]Furmark T. Social phobia: Overview of community surveys. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;105(2):84-93.
[3]Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602.
[4]Heinrichs N, Rapee RM, Alden LA, Bögels S, Hofmann SG, Oh KJ, et al. Cultural differences in perceived social norms and social anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(8):1187-97.
[5]Feske U, Chambless DL. Cognitive behavioral versus exposure only treatment for social phobia: A meta-analysis. Behav Ther. 1995;26(4):695-720.
[6]Gould RA, Buckminster S, Pollack MH, Otto MW. Cognitive‐behavioral and pharmacological treatment for social phobia: A meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychol Scie Pract. 1997;4(4):291-306.
[7]Persons JB. Empiricism, mechanism, and the practice of cognitive-behavior therapy. Behav Ther. 2005;36(2):107-18.
[8]Aderka IM. Factors affecting treatment efficacy in social phobia: The use of video feedback and individual vs group formats. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(1):12-7.
[9]Bunnell BE, Beidel DC, Mesa F. A randomized trial of attention training for generalized social phobia: Does attention training change social behavior?. Behav Ther. 2013;44(4):662-73.
[10]Kimbrel NA. A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28(4):592-612.
[11]Cowart MJ, Ollendick TH. Attention training in socially anxious children: A multiple baseline design analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(7):972-7.
[12]HakamataY, Lissek S, Bar-Haim Y, Britton JC, Fox NA, Leibenluft E, et al. Attention bias modification treatment: a meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(11):982-90.
[13]Hallion LS, Ruscio AM. A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression. Psychol Bull. 2011;137(6):940-51.
[14]Heeren A, Hannah E, Reese Richard J, McNally P. Attention training toward and away from threat in social phobia: Effects on subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures of anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 2012;(50):30-9.
[15]Richards HJ, Benson V, Donnelly N, Hadwin JA. Exploring the function of selective attention and hypervigilance for threat in anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014;34(1):1-13.
[16]Gerlach AL, Wilhelm FH, Gruber K, Roth WT. Blushing and physiological arousability in social phobia. J Abnorm Psychol. 2001;110(2):247-56.
[17]Bar‐Haim Y. Research review: Attention bias modification (ABM): A novel treatment for anxiety disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(8):859-70.
[18]Hofmann SG, Scepkowski LA. Social self-reappraisal therapy for social phobia: Preliminary findings. J Cogn Psychother. 2006;20(1):45-56.
[19]Mulken S, Bögels SM, de Jong PJ, Louwers J. Fear of blushing. Effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology. J Anxiety Disord. 2001;15(5):413-32.
[20]Bogels SM. Task concentration training versus applied relaxation, in combination with cognitive therapy, for social phobia patients with fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating. Behav Res Ther. 2006;(44):1199-1210.
[21]Zohrabi Sh, Shairi MR, Heydarinasab L. The effect of mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy on decreasing fear of negative evaluation in patients with social anxiety disorder. Razi J of Med Sciences. 2016;22(140):1-11. [Persian]
[22]Banopoor A. The effectiveness of video-feedback and use of video modeling in video feed-back process in the improvement of self-perception in the people with social anxiety [Dissertation]. Tehran: Shahed University; 2013. [Persian]
[23]Frest L. Structured clinical interview for DSM.IV.TR disorders. Mohammad Khani P, Translator. Tehran: Danjeh; 2011. [Persian]
[24]Bogels SM, Mulkens S, De Jong PJ. Task concentration training and fear of blushing. Clin Psychol Psychother. 1997;4(4):251-8.