@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2021;36(1):75-85
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2021;36(1):75-85
Evaluation and Geographical Analysis of the Principal Components Affecting Urban Economic Sustainability; Case Study of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Cities, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Esmaili Vardanjani M. (1)Marsousi N. (*1)
Mokhtari Malekabadi R. (1)
Aliakbari E. (1)
(1) Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Payame Noor University of South Tehran, Ostad Neja-tolahi South Street, Karim Khan Boulevard,Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1584668611.Phone: +98 (21) 24508201
Fax: +98 (21) 22808494
marsousin@gmail.com
Article History
Received: August 8, 2020Accepted: September 26, 2020
ePublished: March 18, 2021
ABSTRACT
Aims & Backgrounds
Today, economic challenges is the most important obstacles to achieving sustainability in the cities of developing countries. Therefore, recognition and geographical analysis of the factors affecting the economic sustainability of cities are among the important goals and priorities of urban and regional planning.
Methodology This research has been done by quantitative and survey method and using secondary data. In this study, with using the content validity index and content validity ratio, 17 objective indicators of economic sustainability were selected and economic sustainability of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari cities measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods.
Findings Findings of the research in the principal component analysis show that the three principal components (economic welfare, economic dynamism and economic diversity) with a total variance of 60.7%, explain the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate the urban economic sustainability of the province. Also, spatial autocorrelation Moran’s Index with a value of 0.031 indicates the random spatial pattern of urban economic sustainability in the province and the significance of spatial relationships of 7 urban centers in economic welfare, 8 urban centers in economic dynamism, 6 urban centers in economic diversity and 9 urban centers in the composite index of economic sustainability.
Conclusion The results of the study, while showing the unfavorable situation of the cities of the province in the economic welfare component, show the concentration of the better situation of the cities located in the eastern half, especially the cities located in Saman, Borujen and Shahrekord county compared to other regions of the province in all three principal components and combined economic sustainability index.
Methodology This research has been done by quantitative and survey method and using secondary data. In this study, with using the content validity index and content validity ratio, 17 objective indicators of economic sustainability were selected and economic sustainability of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari cities measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods.
Findings Findings of the research in the principal component analysis show that the three principal components (economic welfare, economic dynamism and economic diversity) with a total variance of 60.7%, explain the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate the urban economic sustainability of the province. Also, spatial autocorrelation Moran’s Index with a value of 0.031 indicates the random spatial pattern of urban economic sustainability in the province and the significance of spatial relationships of 7 urban centers in economic welfare, 8 urban centers in economic dynamism, 6 urban centers in economic diversity and 9 urban centers in the composite index of economic sustainability.
Conclusion The results of the study, while showing the unfavorable situation of the cities of the province in the economic welfare component, show the concentration of the better situation of the cities located in the eastern half, especially the cities located in Saman, Borujen and Shahrekord county compared to other regions of the province in all three principal components and combined economic sustainability index.
Keywords:
Economic Sustainability,
Cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province,
Geographical Analysis,
Principal Component Analysis,
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[2]Asgari A (2012). Spatial Statistics Analysis with ArcGis. Tehran: Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization Publications. [Persian]
[3]Ashrafi S, Najafi Mehri S, Nehrir B (2017). Designing an alarm fatigue assessment questionnaire: Evaluation of the validity and reliability of an instrument. Critical Care Nurse Journal. 10(4):1-5.
[4]Bakhshi Z, Motiee Langroudi SH, Faraji Sabokbar HA, Ghadiri Masoom M (2019). Spatial analysis of economic sustainability of rural settlements (Sabzevar-Neishabour Region). Journal of Space Economy and Rural Development. 8(3):32-1. [Persian]
[5]Barzegar S, Bakhshi A, Heidari M (2019). Explaining socio-economic sustainability in small cities with a sustainable development approach, example: Small cities in northern Iran. Journal of Parliamentary and Strategy. 26(97):5-38. [Persian]
[6]Barzegar S, Fani Z (2018). Analysis of planning perspectives and sustainable space development with emphasis on strengthening small towns. Journal of Strategic Studies in Public Policy. 8(27): 176-203. [Persian]
[7]Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province Management and Planning Organization (2016). Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Development Document in the Sixth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Chapter on Regional Planning and Balancing. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province Management and Planning Organization. [Persian]
[8]Ferraz GAS, Ferraz PFP, Martins FB, Silva FM, Damasceno FA, Barbari M (2019). Principal components in the study of soil and plant properties in precision coffee farming. Agronomy Research. 17(2):418–429.
[9]Harris JM (2000). Basic principal of sustainable development. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
[10]Howard MC (2016). A review of exploratory factor analysis decisions and overview of current practices: What we are doing and how can we improve?. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 32(1):51-62.
[11]Jabareen Y (2012). Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk. Cities. 31(1):220-229.
[12]Jabbari M, Alijanzadeh M, Vaziri MH, Rahimi S (2014). Accreditation of HSE culture assessment tools in a manufacturing company. Journal of Iran Occupational Health. 11(4):108-99. [Persian]
[13]Kutay N, Tektufekci F (2016). A new era for sustainable development: A comparison for sustainability indices. Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies. 2(2):70-95.
[14]Kutay N, Tektufekci F (2016). A new era for sustainable development: A comparison for sustainability indices. Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies. 2(2):70-95.
[15]Markulev A, Long A (2013). On sustainability: An economic approach. Melbourne: Productivity Commission Publictions.
[16]Najafipour R, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M (2019). Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the International Design Questionnaires of non-lethal suicide behavior in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 1397: A descriptive study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 18(8):811-838. [Persian]
[17]Nadiri A, Shakur S, Asghari Moghadam A, Vadiati M (2014). Evaluation of various interpolation methods to estimate nitrate pollution in groundwater resources (Case study: Bilordi plain, East Azarbaijan province). Journal of Hydrogeomorphology. 1(1):75-92. [Persian]
[18]Rajabi A, Sobhani N (2016). Analysis of sustainability index among Asian countries. Journal of Human Geographical Research. 48(4):749-733. [Persian]
[19]Sahalia YA, Xiu D (2019). Principal component analysis of High-Frequency data. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 114(525):287–303.
[20]Sheykh Al-Eslami A, Bagheri Khalili F, Mahmoudabadi A (2012). Reducing the input variables in the freeway crash modeling process using the main component analysis method. Journal of Transport Engineering. 3(4):338-325. [Persian]
[21]Smith D, Dixon C (1996). Sustainable urbanization in Vietnam. Geoforum. 28(1):21-38.
[22]Dugarova E, Gülasan N (2017) Global Trends, challenges and opportunities in the implementation of the sustainable development goals. New York: United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
[23]Yigitcanlar T (2010). Making space and place for the knowledge economy: knowledge-based development of Australian cities. Journal of European Planning Studies. 18(11):1769-1786.
[24]Zarabi A, Rezaei M (2013). Sustainable urban development planning (case study: Babolsar city). Journal of Sepehr Geographical Information. 22(85):17-13. [Persian]
[25]Zebardast E, Ghanuni H (2017). Scattered urban analysis using factor analysis technique, case study: Qazvin urban areas. Journal of Urban Structure and Functional Studies. 7(26):59-78. [Persian]
[26]Zebardast E (2017). Application of exploratory factor analysis method in urban and regional planning. HONAR-HA-ZIBA MEMARI- VA- SHAHRSAZI. 22(2):5-18. [Persian]