@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(2):20-29
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(2):20-29
Health Promoting Self-Care Behaviors and Its Related Factors in Elderly: Appli-cation of Health Belief Model
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Azadbakht M. (1)Garmaroudi Gh. (2)
Taheri Tanjani P. (3*)
Sahaf R. (4)
Shojaeijadeh D. (5)
Gheisvandi E. (1)
(1) Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(2) Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(3*) Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(4) Department of Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(5) Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: August 19, 2014Accepted: November 16, 2014
ePublished: December 10, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Health beliefs significantly affect health promoting self-care behaviors. The most important model designed based on health beliefs is the Health Belief Model. This study examined the association between health belief model constructs and demographic factors with behaviors in elderly.
Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 465 elders referring to Tehran's cultural centers recruited with a multi-stage sampling method. Study instruments were questionnaires regarding demographic information, health beliefs, self-efficacy and health-promoting self-care behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software by Independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Multiple linear regressions.
Findings The mean (±SD) age of subjects was 68.24±6.12 years and the mean of general self-care score was 1.79±0.36. Gender (P=0.011), economy (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001) and age (P=0.008) were significantly associated with self-care behaviors. Regression analysis showed that perceived barriers, self-efficacy and perceived severity were determinants of behavior (P<0.001).
Conclusion According to the results of this study, it is essential to pay special attention to self-efficacy, perceived severity and perceived barriers to design health education for elderly.
Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 465 elders referring to Tehran's cultural centers recruited with a multi-stage sampling method. Study instruments were questionnaires regarding demographic information, health beliefs, self-efficacy and health-promoting self-care behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software by Independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Multiple linear regressions.
Findings The mean (±SD) age of subjects was 68.24±6.12 years and the mean of general self-care score was 1.79±0.36. Gender (P=0.011), economy (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001) and age (P=0.008) were significantly associated with self-care behaviors. Regression analysis showed that perceived barriers, self-efficacy and perceived severity were determinants of behavior (P<0.001).
Conclusion According to the results of this study, it is essential to pay special attention to self-efficacy, perceived severity and perceived barriers to design health education for elderly.
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Tan MY. The relationship of heath beliefs and complication prevention behaviors of Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.2004; 66(1):71-7
[26]Chao J, Nau DP, Aikens JE, Taylor SD. The meditation role of health beliefs in the relationship between depressive symptoms and medication adherence in persons with diabetes. Res Social Adm Pharm.2005; 1(4):508-25.
[27]Tanner-Smith EE, Brown TN. Evaluating the Health Belief Model: A critical review of studies predicting mammo-graphic and pap screening. Soc Theory Health.2010; 8(1):95-125.
[28]Dijkstra A, Okken V, Niemeijer M, Cleophas T. Determinants of perceived severity of hypertension and drug-compliance in hypertensive patients. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets.2008; 8(3):179-84.
[29]Sarkar U, Fisher L, Schillinger D. Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management across race/ethnicity and health literacy?. Diabetes care.2006; 29(4):823-9.
[30]Courtney M, Tong S, Walsh A. Acute‐care nurses’ attitudes towards older patients: A literature review. Int J Nurs Pract.2000; 6(2):62-9.
[31]Ghahremani L, Nazari M. [Comparing prediction power of exercise intention and behavior based on self-efficacy and theory of planned behavior]. PAYESH.2013; 12(1):99-107. (Persian)
[32]Terry D, O'Leary J. The theory of planned behavior: the effects of perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy. Br J Health Psychol.1995; 34(2):199-220.
[33]Povey R, Conner M, Sparks P, James R, Shepperd R. Application of the theory of planned behavior to two dietary behaviors: roles of perceived control and self-efficacy. Br J Health Psychol.2000; 5(2):121-39.
[34]Conn VS. Older adults and exercise: path analysis of self-efficacy related constructs. Nurs Res. 1998; 47(3):180-9.
[2]Davies N. Promoting healthy ageing: the importance of lifestyle. Nurs stand.2011; 25(19):43-9.
[3]McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q.1988; 15(4):351-77.
[4]Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric charac-teristics. Nurs Res.1987; 36(2):76-81.
[5]Sohng KY, Sohng S, Yeom HA. Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Elderly Korean Immigrants in the United States. Public Health Nurs.2002; 19(4):294-300.
[6]Robinson TD. Hypertension Beliefs and Behaviors of African Americans in Seleceted Cleveland Public Housing [PhD thesis]. USA: Kent State University; 2012.
[7]Bonds DE, Camacho F, Bell RA, Duren-Winfield VT, Anderson RT, Goff DC. The association of patient trust and self-care among patients with diabetes mellitus. BMC Fam Pract.2004; 5(1):26.
[8]Strecher VJ, Champion VL, Rosenstock IM, Gochman DS. The health belief model and health behavior. 1th ed. New York: Plenum Press publisher; 1997.
[9]Newell MA. Knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and behaviors related to the prevention of hypertension among Black Seventh-day Adventists living in London [PhD thesis]. California: Loma Linda University; 2008.
[10]Aprahamian I, Martinelli JE, Neri AL, Yassuda MS. The clock drawing test: a review of its accuracy in screening for dementia. Dement and Neuropsychol.2009; 3(2):74-81.
[11]Meihan L, Chung-Ngok W. Validation of the psychometric properties of the health-promoting lifestyle profile in a sample of Taiwanese women. Qual Life Res.2011; 20(4):523-8.
[12]Antonacci CB. The effect of health beliefs on health-promoting behavior in the rural elderly [PhD thesis]. Bing-hamton: State University of New York; 2002.
[13]Becker H, Stuifbergen A, Oh HS, Hall S. Self-rated abilities for health practices: A health self-efficacy measure. Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion.1993; 17(5):42.
[14]Mohammadi-Zeidi I, Pakpour-Hajiagha A, Mohammadi-Zeidi B. [Reliability and validity of Persian version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile]. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.2012; 21(1):102-13. (Per-sian)
[15]Sargazi M, Salehi S, Naji SA. [A Study on the Health Promoting Behaviors Regarding Hospitalized Older Adults' Health in Zahedan]. Journal of Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.2012; 4(2):73-84. (Persian)
[16]Sarkisian CA, Prohaska TR, Wong MD, Hirsch S, Mangione CM. The relationship between expectations for aging and physical activity among older adults. J Gen Intern Med.2005; 20(10):911-5.
[17]Baghianimoghadam M, Aivazi S, Mzloomy SS, Baghianimoghadam B. Factors in relation with self–regulation of Hypertension, based on the Model of Goal Directed behavior in Yazd city. J Med Life.2011; 4(1):30-5.
[18]Morowatisharifabad M, Tonekaboni NR. [Perceived self-efficacy in self-care behaviors among diabetic patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center]. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.2009; 15(4):91-9. (Persian)
[19]Frauman AC, Nettles‐Carlson B. Predictors of a health‐promoting life‐style among well adult clients in a nursing practice. J Am Acad Nurse Pract.1991; 3(4):174-9.
[20]Namdar A, Bigizadeh S, Naghizadeh MM. [Measuring Health Belief Model components in adopting preventive be-haviors of cervical cancer]. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences.2012; 2(1):34-44. (Persian)
[21]Smith JP. Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status. J Econ Per-spect.1999; 13(2):144-66.
[22]Newhouse JP. Free for all?: lessons from the RAND health insurance experiment: Harvard University Press; 1993. [updated 18 August, 2014; cited 22 November, 2014]; Available from: http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB199.html
[23]Habibi A, Nikpour S, Seiedoshohadaei M, Haghani H. [Quality of life and status of physical functioning among elderly people in west region of Tehran: a cross-sectional survey]. Iran Journal of Nursing.2008; 21(53):29-39. (Persian)
[24]Heidari S, Gholizadeh LM, Asadolahi F, Abedini Z. [Evaluation of health status of elderly in Qom city, 2011, Iran]. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal.2013; 7(4):71-80. (Persian)
[25]Tan MY. The relationship of heath beliefs and complication prevention behaviors of Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.2004; 66(1):71-7
[26]Chao J, Nau DP, Aikens JE, Taylor SD. The meditation role of health beliefs in the relationship between depressive symptoms and medication adherence in persons with diabetes. Res Social Adm Pharm.2005; 1(4):508-25.
[27]Tanner-Smith EE, Brown TN. Evaluating the Health Belief Model: A critical review of studies predicting mammo-graphic and pap screening. Soc Theory Health.2010; 8(1):95-125.
[28]Dijkstra A, Okken V, Niemeijer M, Cleophas T. Determinants of perceived severity of hypertension and drug-compliance in hypertensive patients. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets.2008; 8(3):179-84.
[29]Sarkar U, Fisher L, Schillinger D. Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management across race/ethnicity and health literacy?. Diabetes care.2006; 29(4):823-9.
[30]Courtney M, Tong S, Walsh A. Acute‐care nurses’ attitudes towards older patients: A literature review. Int J Nurs Pract.2000; 6(2):62-9.
[31]Ghahremani L, Nazari M. [Comparing prediction power of exercise intention and behavior based on self-efficacy and theory of planned behavior]. PAYESH.2013; 12(1):99-107. (Persian)
[32]Terry D, O'Leary J. The theory of planned behavior: the effects of perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy. Br J Health Psychol.1995; 34(2):199-220.
[33]Povey R, Conner M, Sparks P, James R, Shepperd R. Application of the theory of planned behavior to two dietary behaviors: roles of perceived control and self-efficacy. Br J Health Psychol.2000; 5(2):121-39.
[34]Conn VS. Older adults and exercise: path analysis of self-efficacy related constructs. Nurs Res. 1998; 47(3):180-9.