@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(2):83-88
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2013;19(2):83-88
Effect of Early Post Cesarean Feeding on Wound Healing
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Razmjoo N. (1)Adeli M. (*)
Tara F. (2)
Ebrahimzadeh S. (3)
(*) Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Torbat-e-Heydariye University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e- Heydariye, Iran
(1) Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(2) Educational Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(3) Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: January 14, 2012Accepted: June 18, 2013
ePublished: June 25, 2013
ABSTRACT
Aims
Wound complication after cesarean is a severe problem that may happen in spite of correct application of section technics. Inappropriate nutrition delays wound healing because of the decreasing of body’s saved energy that make wound vulnerable to infection. The aim of this paper was to detect the effect of early post cesarean feeding on wound healing.
Materials & Methods This random clinical trial was performed in mothers, candidate for cesarean section in Ommolbanin hospital of Mashhad in 2009. 82 samples were selected by purposed sampling method and divided randomly into 2 equal groups of early- and normal feed. Data were collected by interview and observation forms, visual analog scale of pain and flatulence and REEDA scale. The level of flatulence and pain were measured in both groups 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery by visual scale. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Kruskal Wallis, independent T and Mann-Whitney U tests by SPSS 11 software.
Findings The mean of REEDA score for cesarean wound healing was 0.39±1.1 in the early feed group and 0.63±1.1 in normal feed group that hadn’t a significant difference (p=0.257). The severity of flatulence, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery, and the pain intensity, 36 and 48 hours after cesarean section, had significant differences between 2 groups.
Conclusion Although the early feeding is not effective on post cesarean wound healing, it decreases post cesarean pain and flatulence.
Materials & Methods This random clinical trial was performed in mothers, candidate for cesarean section in Ommolbanin hospital of Mashhad in 2009. 82 samples were selected by purposed sampling method and divided randomly into 2 equal groups of early- and normal feed. Data were collected by interview and observation forms, visual analog scale of pain and flatulence and REEDA scale. The level of flatulence and pain were measured in both groups 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery by visual scale. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Kruskal Wallis, independent T and Mann-Whitney U tests by SPSS 11 software.
Findings The mean of REEDA score for cesarean wound healing was 0.39±1.1 in the early feed group and 0.63±1.1 in normal feed group that hadn’t a significant difference (p=0.257). The severity of flatulence, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery, and the pain intensity, 36 and 48 hours after cesarean section, had significant differences between 2 groups.
Conclusion Although the early feeding is not effective on post cesarean wound healing, it decreases post cesarean pain and flatulence.
CITATION LINKS
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[2] Kores S, Vyavaharkar M, Akolekar R, Toke A, Ambiyye V. Comparison of closure of subcutaneous tissue versus non-closure in relation to wound disruption after abdominal hysterectomy in obese patients. J Postgrad Med. 2000;46(1):26-8.
[3] Campos AC, Groth AK, Branco AB. Assessment and nutritional aspects of wound healing. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(3):280-1.
[4] Lipscomb GH, Ling FW. Wound healing, suture material and surgical instrumentation. In: Rock JA, Jones HW, editors. Linde's operative gynecology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2003.
[5] Nichols DH, Clarke-Pearson DL. Gynecologic obstetric and related surgery. 2nd ed. New York: Mosby Publisher; 2000.
[6] Muslim Yurt UA, Hatice Toy B, Hamdi Arbag C, Osman C. The effects of early and late feeding on healing of esophageal anastomoses: An experimental study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;75(10):1289-91.
[7] Shepherd A. Nutrition for optimum wound healing. Nurs Stand. 2003;18(6):55-8.
[8] Todorovic V. Food and wound: Nutritional factors in wound formation and healing. Br J Community Nurs. 2002:43-4.
[9] Casey G. Nutritional support in wound healing. Nurs Stand. 2003;17(23):55-80.
[10] Ord H. Nutritional support for patients with infected wounds. Br J Nurs. 2007;16(21):1346-8.
[11] Thomas DR. The role of nutrition in prevention and healing of pressure ulcers. Clin Geriater Med. 1997;13(3):497-511.
[12] Harry M, Achilles A. Effect of early postoperative nutritional support on skin wound and colon anastomosis healing. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(4):357-61.
[13] Laverence WV, Jerard D. Diagnose and treatment of carnet surgical. Malek Alayi M, translator. Tehran: Nasl-e- Farada Publication; 2003. [Persian]
[14] Uden P, Blomquist P, Jiborn H, Zeder F. Impact of long term relative bowel rest on conditions for colonic surgery. Am J Surg. 1988;156(5):381-5.
[15] Irvin TT, Hunt TK. Effect of malnutrition on colonic healing. Ann Surg. 1974;180(5):765-72.
[16] Nuria F, Vicenc A, Daniel C, Xavier R, Manel T, Gonzalez JA. Effect of early postoperative enteral immunonutrition on wound healing in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(1):55-65.
[17] Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL, Hallow E, Heddle R. Protein status of general surgical patients. JAMA. 1974;230(6):858-60.
[18] Decker D, Schoendrof M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, Von A. Surgical stress induces a shift in the type1/type 2 Thelper cell balance, suggesting down-regulation of cell mediated and up-regulation of antibody mediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surgery. 1996;119(3):316-25.
[19] Meakins JL. Host defense mechanism in surgical patients: Effect of surgery and trauma. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1989;550:43-51.
[20] Nixon DW, Heymsfield SB, Cohen AE, Kutner MH, Ansley J, Lawson DH, et al. Protein-caloric under 19. In: Word MW, Dazi M, Lewin MR, Rennie MJ, Clark CG, editors. The effects of subclinical malnutrition and refeeding on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. BRJ Surg. 1982;89:308-10.
[21] Goodlad RA, Almukhtar MY, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Wright NA. Cell proliferation, plasma enters glucagon and plasma gastrin levels in starved and refed rats. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1983;43(1):55-62.
[22] Moss G, Greenstion A, Levy S, Bierenbaum A. Maintenance of GI functions after bowel surgery and immediate enteral full nutrition: Doubling of canine colorectal anastomotic bursting pressure and intestinal wound mature collagen content, clinical experience with objective demonstration of intestinal absorption and motility. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1980;4(6):535-8.
[23] Fazel N, Tafazoli M, Ramezani M, Esmaili H. The effect of superminet on post cesarean flatulence. Ardabil Univ Med Sci J. 2005;4(14):8. [Persian]
[24] Stephen J, Lewis C, Matthias E, Paul A, Steven T. Early enteral versus nil by mouth after gastrointestinal surgery, systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trial. BMJ. 2001;323(7316):773.
[25] Schroeder D, Gillanders L, Mahr K, Hill GL. Effect of immediate postoperative enteral nutrition on body composition, muscle functions and wound healing JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1991;15(4):376-83.
[26] Malhotra N, Khanna S, Pasrija S, Jain M, Agarwala RB. Early oral hydration and its impact on bowel activity after elective caesarean section our experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Rep Biol. 2005;120(1):53-6.
[27] Gocmen A, Gocmen M, Saraoglu M. Early post operative feeding after caesarean delivery. J Int Med Res. 2002;30(5):506-11.
[28] Hill PD. Psychometric property of the REEDA. J Nurse Midwifery. 1990;35(3):162-5.
[29] Shamaeian Razavi N. The effect of post cesarean early oral fluid on postoperative gasterointestioneal compliments. Gonabad Univ Med Sci J. 2000;5(11):18-23. [Persian]
[30] Izbizky GH, Mining L, Sebastiani MA, Otano L. The effect of early versus delayed post caesarean feeding on women’s satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial. BJOG. 2008;115(3):332-8.
[31] Burrows WR, Gingo AJ, Rose SM, Zwick SI, Kosty DL, Dierker LJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of early postoperative solid food consumption after cesarean section. J Report Med. 1995;40(6):463-7.
[32] Kramer RL, Julie K, Van S, Clifford R, Luis B. Postoperative management of cesarean patients: The effect of immediate feeding on the incidence of illus. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88(1):29-32.
[2] Kores S, Vyavaharkar M, Akolekar R, Toke A, Ambiyye V. Comparison of closure of subcutaneous tissue versus non-closure in relation to wound disruption after abdominal hysterectomy in obese patients. J Postgrad Med. 2000;46(1):26-8.
[3] Campos AC, Groth AK, Branco AB. Assessment and nutritional aspects of wound healing. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(3):280-1.
[4] Lipscomb GH, Ling FW. Wound healing, suture material and surgical instrumentation. In: Rock JA, Jones HW, editors. Linde's operative gynecology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2003.
[5] Nichols DH, Clarke-Pearson DL. Gynecologic obstetric and related surgery. 2nd ed. New York: Mosby Publisher; 2000.
[6] Muslim Yurt UA, Hatice Toy B, Hamdi Arbag C, Osman C. The effects of early and late feeding on healing of esophageal anastomoses: An experimental study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;75(10):1289-91.
[7] Shepherd A. Nutrition for optimum wound healing. Nurs Stand. 2003;18(6):55-8.
[8] Todorovic V. Food and wound: Nutritional factors in wound formation and healing. Br J Community Nurs. 2002:43-4.
[9] Casey G. Nutritional support in wound healing. Nurs Stand. 2003;17(23):55-80.
[10] Ord H. Nutritional support for patients with infected wounds. Br J Nurs. 2007;16(21):1346-8.
[11] Thomas DR. The role of nutrition in prevention and healing of pressure ulcers. Clin Geriater Med. 1997;13(3):497-511.
[12] Harry M, Achilles A. Effect of early postoperative nutritional support on skin wound and colon anastomosis healing. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(4):357-61.
[13] Laverence WV, Jerard D. Diagnose and treatment of carnet surgical. Malek Alayi M, translator. Tehran: Nasl-e- Farada Publication; 2003. [Persian]
[14] Uden P, Blomquist P, Jiborn H, Zeder F. Impact of long term relative bowel rest on conditions for colonic surgery. Am J Surg. 1988;156(5):381-5.
[15] Irvin TT, Hunt TK. Effect of malnutrition on colonic healing. Ann Surg. 1974;180(5):765-72.
[16] Nuria F, Vicenc A, Daniel C, Xavier R, Manel T, Gonzalez JA. Effect of early postoperative enteral immunonutrition on wound healing in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(1):55-65.
[17] Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL, Hallow E, Heddle R. Protein status of general surgical patients. JAMA. 1974;230(6):858-60.
[18] Decker D, Schoendrof M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, Von A. Surgical stress induces a shift in the type1/type 2 Thelper cell balance, suggesting down-regulation of cell mediated and up-regulation of antibody mediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surgery. 1996;119(3):316-25.
[19] Meakins JL. Host defense mechanism in surgical patients: Effect of surgery and trauma. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1989;550:43-51.
[20] Nixon DW, Heymsfield SB, Cohen AE, Kutner MH, Ansley J, Lawson DH, et al. Protein-caloric under 19. In: Word MW, Dazi M, Lewin MR, Rennie MJ, Clark CG, editors. The effects of subclinical malnutrition and refeeding on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. BRJ Surg. 1982;89:308-10.
[21] Goodlad RA, Almukhtar MY, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Wright NA. Cell proliferation, plasma enters glucagon and plasma gastrin levels in starved and refed rats. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1983;43(1):55-62.
[22] Moss G, Greenstion A, Levy S, Bierenbaum A. Maintenance of GI functions after bowel surgery and immediate enteral full nutrition: Doubling of canine colorectal anastomotic bursting pressure and intestinal wound mature collagen content, clinical experience with objective demonstration of intestinal absorption and motility. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1980;4(6):535-8.
[23] Fazel N, Tafazoli M, Ramezani M, Esmaili H. The effect of superminet on post cesarean flatulence. Ardabil Univ Med Sci J. 2005;4(14):8. [Persian]
[24] Stephen J, Lewis C, Matthias E, Paul A, Steven T. Early enteral versus nil by mouth after gastrointestinal surgery, systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trial. BMJ. 2001;323(7316):773.
[25] Schroeder D, Gillanders L, Mahr K, Hill GL. Effect of immediate postoperative enteral nutrition on body composition, muscle functions and wound healing JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1991;15(4):376-83.
[26] Malhotra N, Khanna S, Pasrija S, Jain M, Agarwala RB. Early oral hydration and its impact on bowel activity after elective caesarean section our experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Rep Biol. 2005;120(1):53-6.
[27] Gocmen A, Gocmen M, Saraoglu M. Early post operative feeding after caesarean delivery. J Int Med Res. 2002;30(5):506-11.
[28] Hill PD. Psychometric property of the REEDA. J Nurse Midwifery. 1990;35(3):162-5.
[29] Shamaeian Razavi N. The effect of post cesarean early oral fluid on postoperative gasterointestioneal compliments. Gonabad Univ Med Sci J. 2000;5(11):18-23. [Persian]
[30] Izbizky GH, Mining L, Sebastiani MA, Otano L. The effect of early versus delayed post caesarean feeding on women’s satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial. BJOG. 2008;115(3):332-8.
[31] Burrows WR, Gingo AJ, Rose SM, Zwick SI, Kosty DL, Dierker LJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of early postoperative solid food consumption after cesarean section. J Report Med. 1995;40(6):463-7.
[32] Kramer RL, Julie K, Van S, Clifford R, Luis B. Postoperative management of cesarean patients: The effect of immediate feeding on the incidence of illus. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88(1):29-32.