@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(1):17-21

Background
LDL is the most important atherogenic lipoprotein, produced by VLDL metabolism. LDL transfers about 70% of plasma cholesterol to tissues [5]. Among diabetic patients, dyslipidemia, which means an increase in the values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL, and a decrease in the value of HDL, is common, in such a case that an increase in the values of lipoproteins results in atherosclerosis [3]. Alloxan injection increases cholesterol’s plasma concentration [7], and the rats infected by diabetes, LDL-C increases, and HDL-C decreases [8, 9]. The use of drugs for reducing blood glucose results in significant decrease of cholesterol and LDL-C [10]. The highest value of alloxan absorption is in the pancreatic beta cells [1, 2]. This material causes damage in beta cells in many laboratory species. Concerning alloxan, it seems that restorative mechanisms can act without activating the immune system [1-8]. In traditional medicine, the use of medicinal herbs has had a very important role [11]. Gelder (Otostegia persica) is of Mint family (Lamiaceae), and it is growing at East Asia [12]. SIt has been reported that aqueous extract of aerial parts of Gelder has anti-histamine, anti-spasmodic, and anti-arthritis properties [13].In southern Fars province, Iran, aqueous extract of the herb’s root has been used to heal diabetes and jaundice.
Previous Studies
Until now, positive effects of more than 1200 medicinal herbs on decrease in blood sugar or its sequelae were known [16]. To this aim, Gelder has been studied. It is reported that polyphenol antioxidants of some herbs are useful in recovery of sequelae of diabetes [20]. Until now, important chemical and active compounds have been extracted from Gelder, and their structure has been determined [21]. Gelder has polar polyphenol compounds, similar to flavonoids and tannins [19]. According to the results of a study, activity of methanol extract of Gelder, concerning linoleic acid peroxidation, is more than Kohandaar herb (Ginkgo biloba), and it is approximately two times green tea’s activity. In addition, two flavonoids of them has been identified, which has antioxidants activity equal to BHA and more powerful than alpha – tocopherol [22]. It has been reported that there is antioxidant effects in some herbs with flavonoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and phenolic compounds [25].
Aim(s)
The aim of the study was to assess impact of the aqueous extract of the Gelder’s roots on level of blood lipids and lipoproteins in the kind I diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia.
Research type
Method of the study is experimental.
Research society, place and time
Research society was 48 Wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (Pasteur Institute; Iran) population with about 250 gr weight, in Animals’ Home and Research Laboratory of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Sampling method and number
At December 2011, Gelder was collected from southern Fars Province (Iran); and botanists of Ferdosi University (Mashhad) identified it with herbarium code No. 23332, and it was confirmed. Extracting from the herb’s root was done, using maceration method and by water solvent. According to the method of Ziokovious et. al [14], the herb’s phenolic and flavonoids compounds were measured. During research, the rats were kept in Animals’ Home with 12 hours darkness and 12 hours lighting light cycle and with temperature21.5±2.8℃, applying standard diet, until they reached appropriate weight conditions. 40 rats became infected by type I diabetes through intraperitoneal injection with 90 mg single dose per kg body weight of alloxan (Sigma; Germany). After 48 hours from alloxan injection, fasting blood sugar of the rats and their sample blood taken from their tail tip were measured. Blood sugar more than 250 mg per deciliter was counted diabetic, and rats with blood sugar less than 250 mg per deciliter were excluded from research environment. To increase blood lipids, the diabetic rats were kept at the previous conditions for 2 weeks [15]. Based on previous studies, it was expected that the diabetic rats would be also with hyperlipidemia at this stage [15]. After ensuring from level of blood sugar and of the rats being infected by diabetes, they, experiencing gavage per day during a month, were divided to 6 groups of 8, as follows: Normal (healthy rats, receiving water) Control (diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, receiving physiological serum) Metformin (diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, receiving 50 mg per kg metformin drug) Dose 200 (diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, receiving 200 mg per kg aqueous extract of the Gelder’s root) Dose 300 (diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, receiving 300 mg per kg aqueous extract of the Gelder’s root) Dose 400 (diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, receiving 400 mg per kg aqueous extract of the Gelder’s root) At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the rats’ hearts in fasting and anesthesia condition; and about 5 cc of its serum was used for experiments. After serum making, levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured in each group separately via standard method and by the use of enzymatic method.
Used devices&materials
Auto-analysis device to make lyophilized matter, model i24 (Prestige; Japan) was used to make lyophilized and to store produced extract of Gelder’s roots. Glucometer device, model Accu Check (Rosch; Germany), was used to measure the rats’ fasting blood sugar. Specific kits (Pars Azmoon; Iran) were used to measure levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C. One-way Variance Analysis and Tukey tests were used to compare average values of experimental groups, alongside the use of SPSS 19 software.
Findings by Text
Values of phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract of Gelder’s roots, ethanol extract, and petroleum etheric extract were obtained 2.280±0.005 Gallic acid mg per dry extract g, 1.036±0.040 mg per g, and 0.006±0.002 mg per g, respectively. Values of flavonoid of aqueous extract of Gelder’s root, and ethanol extract were obtained 0.090±0.007 mg per g, and 0.080±0.003 mg per g, respectively. Petroleum etheric extracts of the herb’s root had no flavonoid compounds. Average values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C showed a significant decrease in all the three groups identified by dose of aqueous extract of Gelder’s roots than normal, control, and metformin groups.
Main comparison to the similar studies
According to the results of a conducted research, prescribing aqueous - alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Gelder with 300 mg per kg dose during 6 days and 14 days results in decrease in the value of triglyceride and cholesterol of the diabetic rats’ serum [17], which is a result consistent with the results of the present study.
Suggestions
Since, decreasing the value of harmful lipids, aqueous extract of Gelder’s roots decreases at the same time the value of the useful factor HDL-C, more researches should be conducted to find out the cause or causes of the phenomenon.
Limitations
Non-declared
Conclusions
The use of aqueous extract of Gelder’s root in diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia decreases serum value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C.
Acknowledgments
Researchers feel grateful to the personnel of Imam Reza Hospital’s laboratory.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
All the ethical points concerning preservation of and working with animals in laboratory were taken into account, and all the conditions were preserved during intervention.
Funding Sources
The paper is based on the results of a thesis, code No. 2080917, Faculty of Sciences, Birjand University.

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