ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Saeidi Mofrad   S. (*1)
Taleb Elm   M. (1)






(1) Department of Urbanism, Faculty of art and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Department of Urbanism, Faculty of art and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University Ostad Yusofi Street, Emamieh Boulevard, Ghasem Abad, Mashhad, Iran. Postal Code: 9187147578.
Phone: +98 (51) 38942474
Fax: +98 (51) 36638920
Saeedi.s@mshdiau.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  August  5, 2020
Accepted:  September 20, 2020
ePublished:  March 18, 2021

BRIEF TEXT


Flood is one of the most destructive natural hazards and the compensation of its damages in cities is very expensive.

Urban flood is a new phenomenon caused by the big cities expansion [Ghahroudi, 2009]. It is not a matter of heavy rainfall, but it is a matter of poor management leading to a long time flooding in the passages, human and financial losses [Ghazanfarpoor et al., 2019]. Nowadays, resilience is a new concern in urban areas that grabs a lot of attention in prone cities [Hosseinzade et al., 2019]. Resilience needs to be the central point of disaster management and development [Ghazanfarpoor et al., 2019]. Karimi (2015) used the SWMM model to simulate floods caused by rainfalls in some urban areas of Babolsar. He concluded that the main reasons for floods are the small cross-sections of the water canals, low and reverse slopes in some parts.

This study aimed to evaluate the resilience indices against floods disasters in water and electricity neighborhood in Mashhad.

This is a descriptive study.

The current research is carried out in the Water and Electricity neighborhood in Mashhad in 2020.

All 61 sub-basins of Water and Electricity neighborhood were studied.

The needed data were extracted from the SWMM model using Hec-Ras hydraulic model and ARC-GIS software.

The studied area is about 36.2 〖km〗^2 and is divided into 61 sub-basins. Figure 2 shows the map of sub-basins discharging in the system. The studied run-off collection system includes water canals along the main boulevards (such as Hafte tir, Honarestan, Hashemie and etc.) and the mentioned streams. Inlet points of the flow into the run-off transfer system and the intersection of the various transporters were detected and named to be conveyed to the SWMM model. Figure 3 shows the final system of run-off transfer as well as each node's name in the SWMM environment. Precipitation statistics from rainfall stations of the Water Company in Mashhad were used to analyze the rainfalls. Almost430 rainfalls from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. According to the analysis of rainfalls intensity, length and amount, 17 rainfalls were selected for simulating. 5 out of 17 rainfalls are shown in Graph 2. According to the results, short rains with high instantaneous intensity make the maximum water flow bigger than the long-time rainfalls with low instantaneous intensity. The rainfall in 2014 April 29th with the amount of 5.14 mm and the average intensity of 5.17 mm per hour and the length of 22 minutes was selected for further analysis because could make bigger water flow in all sub-basins. The precipitation graph of this event is shown in Graph 3.

Yarahmadi et al. (2019) used the EPA-SWMM model for simulating the floods in district 6 of Tehran caused by rainfalls. They concluded some nodes and canals discharging in the critical passages cannot pass the run-off in some parts because of the huge amount of water flow. Evaluation of the SWMM model in simulating the flow graph in dried-up rivers of Shiraz showed that this model has a significant correlation with the measured water flow and the indicators' efficacy is acceptable [Chen et al., 2009]. The upsurge in the amount of water flow in the floods may threaten the passages and public and private areas, worsen the traffic jams, and contaminate underground and surface water [Ghasemi & Maghrebi, 2015]. Shahbazi et al. (2013) studied the effect of some of the best managerial strategies on the improvement of the urban run-off quantity using SWMM software. They concluded that impermeable land growth is the most important parameter making the urban floods.

It is suggested to carry out research projects studying the land-use changes in the recent decades to evaluate their impact on the urban floods and use the results in the management of the urban areas.

There is no limitation reported.

Short and heavy rains create bigger hydrographs in comparison to the longer light rains in the water and electricity neighborhood in Mashhad. Northern and eastern parts are more prone to floods. Although it is impossible to prevent floods, it would be possible to reduce floods destructions by detecting vulnerable areas and taking measures such as increasing the permeable lands in urban areas through the replacement of asphalt surfaces with paving. The green space along the passages is great for water penetration.

We tend to thank the Azad University of Mashhad.

None.

None.

This study is carried out at the author's personal expense.

TABLES and CHARTS

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