@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(4):307-312

Background
One of the main causes of death are cardiovascular diseases that their prevalence is increasing [1].
Previous Studies
… [2-6]. Many studies support aerobic activities in order to evaluate the effect of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors. The results of these studies have shown that regular aerobic exercise, reduce the blood homocysteine levels. Therefore, they are useful to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases [7-9-11-13] … [8, 14-17].
Aim(s)
The study was done to investigate the effects of physical activities on the serum homocysteine levels, as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in either obese or overweight women.
Research type
This study is the controlled pretest-posttest semi-experimental.
Research society, place and time
This study has done among women referred to the Alzahra sport complexes in districts 3 and 4 of Tehran in 2015.
Sampling method and number
18 people were selected and were studied via random sampling method. Inclusion criteria included: age between 30-50, lack of regular physical activity and obesity or being overweight (BMI greater than 25 kg per square meter). Exclusion criteria were: Physical well-known diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, thyroid, respiratory, diabetes, musculoskeletal, hyperlipidemia, pregnancy and Bilateral removal of the ovaries and appendixes, professional sport and smoking. The subjects were selected via random sampling method and randomly divided into two groups; physical activity and control groups that the intervention program was conducted in the former, while the latter received no intervention.
Used devices&materials
Anthropometric parameters, were measured before and after intervention. Height of the subjects was recorded with accuracy of 0.1 cm by Stadiometer (seca; China) and a scale (model beurer; Germany) with an accuracy of 0.1 kg was used to measure the weight of subjects. Participants` subcutaneous fat was measured by using calipers in three points: triceps, abdomen and above pelvis, on the right side of the body and after inserting in the general equation of Jackson and Pollock to determine the body fat percentage in women. The exercise protocol was based on Choi et al. studies consisted of 5 sessions a week exercising ,each session including 5 minutes warm-ups, stretching exercises for 20 minutes, then 45 minutes of aerobic activity by 60% to 75% of maximum heart rate and at last 5 minutes cooling [18]. In the fasting state, the rate of 5 mL blood was taken from the antecubital vein of case studies. After that, the samples were immediately frozen and transferred to the laboratory for measurement of plasma homocysteine. Homocysteine assay kit (Axis-shield diagonist; Germany) was used for measuring the homocysteine levels by ELISA method. In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured by enzymatic method using kits and auto analyzer (RA 1000 Technician; USA). For measuring HDL-C (high density lipoprotein) deposition technique by bivalent anions and cations was used and LDL-C value was obtained from the Friedmann equation. After completing the 10-week training period and after 48 hours of the last day of training, Again, blood sampling was performed with the same initial conditions to determine the biochemical variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software. To determine the normal distribution of data Kolmogorov – Smirnov statistical test was used. The disagreements within the group were analyzed using paired T-test (dependent) and out-group differences were analyzed using independent T-test.
Findings by Text
Subjects had a mean age of 39.33±7.70 years, mean weigh of 76.57± 5.19 kg and mean height of 157.92±0.05 cm. The mean values of variables in the pre-test were not significantly different between the two groups of physical activity and control groups (p>0.05). After the exercises, the mean serum homocysteine level in physical activity group significantly decreased compared to the control group (p=0.001). Between the two groups of Physical activity and control group there was a significant difference in serum homocysteine levels (P=0.001). Nevertheless, the difference between the mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, body mass index and fat percentage of physical activity and control groups was not significant (p>0.05; Table 1 ).
Main comparison to the similar studies
In the field of physical activity effects on reducing serum homocysteine levels, the results of this study was consistent with previous results of Bizheh et al. [1], Meyer et al. [12],Dehghan et al. [19], Kelly and Kelly [20], Mohammadi et al. [21] and Okara et al. [22]. However, results of this study are inconsistent with the results of Antunes et al. [23] and Rousseau et al. [24]. … [25-27].
Suggestions
It is suggested that in future studies, the subjects diet be controlled; Sex differences are being examined, and other training protocols be compared with the present exercise protocol study.
Limitations
The present study faced some limitations such as the small number of subjects, Lack of controlling subjects’ activity out of the study time, and lack of precise diet control during the study.
Conclusions
Reducing the serum homocysteine concentration, 10-week physical activity might also reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in either obese or overweight women.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to venerable subjects without whose cooperation this research was impossible.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
Candidates completed consent form and announced its readiness to participate in the study.
Funding Sources
This study was conducted without financial support.

TABLES and CHARTS

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