ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Nakhaee   H (1)
Nazarali   P (1)
Hanachi   P (*)
Hedayati   H (2)






(*) Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Department of Exercise Physiology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Department of Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Article History

Received:  January  18, 2018
Accepted:  May 2, 2018
ePublished:  May 16, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


Physical activity is an inseparable part of human life. It is believed that physical activity can lead to the maintenance and improvement of the health and no physical activity can threaten the life [1].

... [2-4]. Polyphenolic polymers in cinnamon act as antioxidants in insulin secretion [5]. ... [6-7]. The effect of cinnamon and ginger consumption on oxidative stress, athletic performance and body composition on athletic women in Iran has been studied. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was partially reduced in the cinnamon and ginger groups compared with the placebo group, but there was a significant increase in the performance of the cinnamon and ginger groups. However, there were no significant changes in MDA and BMI between training groups compared to controls [8]. Regular exercise and cinnamon can significantly decrease levels of total cholesterol and LDL and increase HDL and HDL / LDL ratios compared with the control group, and cinnamon extract and regular physical activity also significantly reduced MDA [9].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise (six weeks) on total antioxidant capacity.

This research is an experimental study.

This experimental study was carried out on 35 students of Alzahra University in Tehran (Bagh-e-no stadium) in 2013.

The research had pre-test-post-test design with 4 experimental groups and one control group studying the effects of two independent variables (aerobic exercise and cinnamon powder supplement) on dependent variables (total oxidative capacity, uric acid and bilirubin) on experimental groups. The dependent variables were measured in subjects before and after the research. In this study, blood sampling was done in 35 subjects in pre-test and the aerobic group, aerobic group with cinnamon supplement and aerobic group with placebo completed aerobic training for 6 weeks. The cinnamon supplement group received 1 gr of cinnamon supplement for 6 weeks and the control group did not receive any specific intervention. The subjects were selected from dormitory students with a fairly similar diet [10].

The aerobic exercise program was designed based on maximum heart rate (HR max). (HR max) is the highest heart rate an individual can achieve without severe problems, which is calculated by the 220 minus age [11]. Physical Education students of Alzahra University in Tehran aged 20-30 years were studied. The inclusion criteria included the age of 20-30 years and studying the physical education. Exclusion criteria, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, taking special medication were evaluated using an individual health questionnaire. An aerobic exercise at a mile test was first taken for those who met the research criteria and they were randomly divided into five groups, including control, supplement, aerobic exercise, supplement and aerobic exercise, and placebo and aerobic exercise groups. 28 subjects with mean age of 22.35 years and mean BMI of 22.71 kg/m2, and the mean blood pressure of 10.071/7.0357 mmHg performed post-test. It should be noted that all ethical considerations, such as the informed consent, secrecy, preserving privacy, protection of subjects against the pressure and harm, and physical and mental hazards were fully observed. 10 cc of blood was sampled from the subjects to measure TAC, uric acid, bilirubin in a pre-test in fasting mode by a laboratory expert. Following blood sampling, the samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory of the Metabolism and Endocrine Institute to isolate the blood serum to determine the blood parameters considering cold chain management. Blood samples were centrifuged at a 3000 rpm for 10 min, then the serum was separated from the blood and then stored in a freezer at 80°C until biochemical measurements. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by colorimetric method using a kit. Exercise protocol Aerobic exercises program was conducted for six 3-session weeks. The exercises began in the first week with an intensity of 65% of maximum heart rate and a volume of 40 min, and at the second and third week, they reached 70% of the maximum heart rate for 40 and 45 min. It reached 75% of the maximum heart rate for 45 and 50 min at the 4th and 5th week and ended at the sixth week with an intensity of 80% of maximum heart rate and for 50 min. The exercises included 5 min of warming up, 40-30 min of main trainings, including various types of running, basic aerobic exercises and one min interval between each stage and 5 min cool-down exercise. At each stage, the intensity of the activity was measured with the Sunnto wristband, a wrist watch and a belt [12].

According to Table 2 and the results of Kruskal-Wallis test, there was no statistically significant difference in age, anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics in 5 groups of women. According to Table 3, there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of plasma TAC in women in the 5 groups before the 6-week exercise. Based on the table above, there was no significant difference in mean bilirubin of women in the 5 groups before exercise (p>0.05). The results of Table 3 show that there was no significant difference in the mean of changes in the level of uric acid in women in the 5 groups before and after the exercise.

The results of this study are consistent with the results of Mashhadi et al. [8], who showed no significant change in the use of malondialdehyde after 6 weeks of cinnamon powder intake (1.5 g/day). ... [13-14]. Various studies have shown that body's antioxidant system is affected by TAC capacity, age, physical fitness, type, duration, and intensity of exercise [16, 15]. Only in the control group, the mean plasma TAC level decreased significantly after exercise, which is consistent with the results of the Afzalupur study on the effect of moderate exercise on the AChEI enzyme and TAC [15]. ... [17]. Studying the significant effect of an aerobic exercise course using cinnamon supplement on the bilirubin levels of active female subjects showed that cinnamon supplement and exercise has no significant effect on the level of subjects' bilirubin, which is consistent with the results of Aslani et al. [18] and Tim [19], who examined the effect of cinnamon extract on diabetics for 12 weeks. ... [20-21]. According to the results of this study, cinnamon supplement and exercise had no significant effect on the level of uric acid in subjects. In Naghizadeh et al. [22] study, there was no significant change in uric acid level, which is consistent with the results of this study. ... [23-26].

Due to the insignificant effects of cinnamon supplement alone or aerobic exercise alone or in combination on TAC and bilirubin and uric acid, more studies are should be done to observe significant effects.

Despite considered intervals, the subjects did not have a high motivation.

Physical activity with intensity at the 65-80% Vo2 max over 6 weeks using cinnamon can possibly improve total antioxidant capacity.

I am grateful to all the professors, staff, and students at Al-Zahra University and also the staff at laboratory of Metabolism and Endocrinology Institute who helped us to my thesis.

None declared.

None declared.

This study is extracted from my thesis and funded personally.

TABLES and CHARTS

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