@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):77-83

Background
… [1-2]. According to the latest census data, 25% of the population of Iran (about 16 million) is adolescence [3].
Previous Studies
… [4-23]. Self-concept is determined by communication with others, and human being find value in relation to others and adapt to useful and constructive stimuli. “Roy” has identified three areas in relation to self-concept: self-physical, self-perception and self-relatied with others [24, 25].
Aim(s)
The purpose of this study was to examine the Gonabad City adolescent girls’ self-concept and its related factors based on Roy’s Adaptation Model.
Research type
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Research society, place and time
This study was conducted in 2015 in adolescent girls in three health centers in Gonabad City.
Sampling method and number
270 teenage girls were selected by cluster random sampling from the three health centers in Gonabad City. Criteria for inclusion in the study included: consent for participation in the study, inclusion in the age range of 12 to 16 years old, being student, being single, not having one parent, absence of physical and mental illness, and the absence of stressful events during the past 6 months.
Used devices&materials
The data gathering tools were the demographic questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire of investigating self-concept in adolescent girls based on the Roy adaptation pattern model. The questionnaire consists of 50 questions in three dimensions: self-physical (objective), self-perception (containing self-moral and spiritual, self-sustaining and self-ideal) and self-related with others. Each question is categorized as “completely agree” (with a score of 5) to “completely disagree” (with a score of one). In this questionnaire, the highest score is 250 and the lowest score is 50. The grades obtained in this test are placed in three levels of weak (50-117), medium (118-184), and high (185-250). Also, this leveling is applied to each subset of self-concept. The content validity of the questionnaire was verified by several experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency and Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.74. Also, cronbach alpha was determined for all the three subscales i.e. 0.72, 0.81, and 0.76 for self-physical, self-perception and self-related with others respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and statistical correlation coefficients, namely, Spearman and Chi-square tests.
Findings by Text
The sample included 270 teenage girls aged 12 to 16 years old with the mean age 14.20 ± 1.21 years. Their mothers had the mean age 40.51±5.42 years and their fathers had the mean age 45.26±5.62 years. 113 (41.8%) of them were living in families with three children and only 9 (3.3%) of them were living in the families with one child. 99 (36.7%) of these girls were the first children of the family (Table 1). The mean self-concept was 182.01±19.06. In the leveling of the self-concept based on the total score, 125 (46.6%) and 143 (53.4) of the subjects were in the good and moderate levels respectively. According to the leveling of each of the areas of self-concept, most of the subjects (87.1%) were in the moderate and weak levels in the dimension of the self-physical and in contrast, 61.3% of them were in high level in the dimension of self-related with others (Table 2). According to the results of the questionnaire, the most common maladaptive behaviors according to prioritization were lack of good sense to menstruation and pain due to menstruation (Table 3). There was a significant relationship between the age of the participants and their self-objective in the domain of self-sustaining that is with the increase in the age, the self-objective in the domain of self-sustain decreased (p=0.03; r=-0.13). However, no significant relationship was found between age and total self-concept and its other domains. There was a significant relationship between economic status of the subjects with the level of compatibility in the aspect of spiritual-moral self-perception (r=0.11, p=0.02). As the economic status increased, the level of compatibility in these two areas increased. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between the fathers’ level of education and self-perception in the domain of self-sustaining that is with the increase in the level of fathers’ education, the compatibility of the fathers was also increased in this domain (r=0.12; p=0.04). Also, there was a significant relationship between the father’s occupation and the level of the self-concept (r=0.13; p=0.04), so that the level of compatibility in the adolescents whose fathers were employee was the highest (47.1%) and in the adolescents whose fathers were laborers had the lowest level of compatibility (7.7%). Meanwhile there was no significant relation between the level of total self-concept and its domains with the mothers’ level of education and occupation.
Main comparison to the similar studies
… [26-38]. Some of the demographic characteristics of the subjects including the age of adolescents, the age of parents, the rank of children, and the number of family members did not have any significant relation with the self-concept that was similar to the findings of Hosseini et al. [39].
Suggestions
It is suggested that other dimensions (physiological, role play, autonomy, and dependence) be studied based on the Roy Model for more detailed and exhaustive examination.
Limitations
In the present study, the lack of participation of adolescent boys and the comparison of their self-concept with those of girls as well as not considering the larger age interval for participants in the project to compare the self-concept in the tree stages of adolescence were of the limitations of this study.
Conclusions
More than half of Gonabad’s teenage girls have a moderate self-concept and most of them have weak or moderate self-objective that their self-concept can be improved with interventions based on the Roy Adaptation Model.
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our appreciation and gratitude to the Deputy of Research and Technology of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences for funding this project. Also, we sincerely thank and appreciate the cooperation and assistance of other officials of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, professors, staff of the health centers of Gonabad and especially the adolescents and their families who helped us faithfully in this research.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
This project is approved by the Ethics Committee of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences with IR.GMU.REC.1394.25 code.
Funding Sources
This project was sponsored by the Deputy of Research and Technology of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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