ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Abedini Baltork   M. (*1)
Mir Shamsi   F.S. (2)






(*1) Education Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
(2) Education Department, Humanities Faculty, Ardakan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Correspondence

Article History

Received:  December  11, 2018
Accepted:  June 6, 2019
ePublished:  July 21, 2019

BRIEF TEXT


The physical and psychological problems specially affect their family, and their indirect effects on their families are one of the most adverse consequences of war [1].

... [2-6]. Resilience is a factor to help individuals to face and adapt to the stressful conditions of life and protect them against mental disorders and life problems [3], so it seems that resilience is effective in mental health and lifestyle of veterans' spouses in dealing with physical and psychological problems caused by living with veteran. .. [7-9]. On the other hand, many clinical experiences have shown that the families of physically and mentally injured individuals in the war, especially their wives, suffer from psychological problems [10-16]. Other studies have shown that survivors of war are significantly more likely to develop diseases [3, 17]. Lifestyle is a factor affecting the resilience and mental health of veterans' wives. Lifestyle is a unique pattern of characteristics, behaviors and habits of each individual and its failure can put the person at risk of illness or disasters [18]. ... [19]. Parenting is also one of the most important tasks of the parents.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between lifestyle and parenting style with resilience and mental health of veterans' spouses.

The present research is an applied research in terms of its objective and in terms of method, it is a descriptive-correlation study.

This study was carried out on all veterans' spouses (about 300 subjects) in Ardakan city in 2018.

Among the veterans' spouses, 170 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and based on Morgan’s table. The inclusion criteria were having the veteran spouse and child and willingness to participate.

The researchers attended the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs and in meetings for veterans' wives, they spoke with them and if they so wished, they were received and filled out questionnaires. In addition, since their names and information were not asked in the questionnaire, they were assured of confidentiality of data, so they filled out the questionnaire with full satisfaction. Data were collected by the Miller-Smith lifestyle assessment inventory [19], Baumrind's parenting style inventory [20, 21], Connor-Davidson resilience scale [22-24], and Goldberg and Hillier health questionnaire [25, 26]. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. At first, the normal distribution of data was investigated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then Pearson correlation test was used to examine the correlation between the variables.

Of the 170 samples, 27 subjects (15.9%) were in the age group of 36-45 years, 55 subjects (32.3%) were in the age group of 46-55, 46 subjects (27.1%) were in the age group of 56-65 years and 42 subjects (24.7%) were in the age group of 66-75 years. The majority of subjects 44 (25.9%) had diploma and the lowest number 17 (10.0%) had master's degree. The parenting style was 116 (68.2%) in an authoritative style, 33 (49.4%) and 21 (12.4%) were destitute. The highest mean score for the lifestyle was related to the authoritarian style and the lowest was for the authoritative style. The highest average score of the resilience was the authoritarian style parenting, whereas the lowest score obtained for permissive style. For mental health, the highest mean obtained for permissive style, whereas authoritative style had the lowest mean (Table 1).There was a significant correlation between lifestyle (unhealthy life) and resilience and mental health, which means that by an increase in lifestyle, resilience increases and the mental health (lower mental health) decreases. There was a negative and significant correlation between authoritarian parenting style and resilience, which means that an increase in using this style, the level of resilience decreases, but the correlation between resilience with authoritative and permissive styles was not significant. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the authoritarian parenting style and mental health; in fact, with an increase in the authoritarian parenting style, the level of mental health increases, which means that the mental health status deteriorates. There was a significant negative correlation between the authoritative parenting style and mental health, that is, by increasing the authoritative style, the level of mental health decreases, which means improving the mental health status. However, there was no significant correlation between permissive parenting style and mental health (Table 2).

The findings of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between lifestyle and resilience in veterans' spouses. The results also showed that there is a significant correlation between lifestyle and mental health in veterans' spouses, which is consistent with other relevant research findings [27]. There was no correlation between permissive parenting style and resilience in veterans' spouses, which is consistent with some other researches [28]. ... [29]. ... [28]. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between authoritarian parenting style and mental health in veterans' spouses, which is in line with some researches [30]. ... [31]. Studies suggest that this style of parenting can also affect the various dimensions of mental health (physical symptoms, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and depression) and because of the resulted problems in their mental health, they risk themselves and others [32-37]. In general, lifestyle and parenting styles (permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative) play a significant role in predicting resilience and mental health in veterans' spouses, which is in line with the findings of some studies [28]. ... [38, 39].

It is suggested that other research tools should be used and based on their results, holding educational workshops to increase resilience and conducting educational courses for parenting styles in the veterans’ wives are recommended.

This research was conducted among veterans' wives of Ardakan city, so the results can not be generalized to other counties and provinces, which is one of the limitations of this research.

There is correlation between lifestyle and parenting style with resilience and mental health of veterans' spouses.

The authors are grateful to all who helped in this research.

None declared.

The necessary permissions were provided for the implementation of the questionnaire and the questionnaires were reported with respect to ethical considerations and without interference.

This study was supported by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file


CITIATION LINKS

[1]Parandeh A, Sirti M, Khaghani zadeh M, Karimi zarji AA. The effect of training conflict resolution on quality of life’s on spouses of war veterans post traumattic stress disorder. J Mil Med. 2006;8(1):45-51. [Persian]
[2]Gholipour S, Nazari AA, Gholipour M. Directory services to veterans and their quality life (case study: Kermanshah). J Contemp Soc Res. 2018;6(11):149-75. [Persian]
[3]Haditabar H, Navabinezhad S, Ahghar GH. The effect of spiritual components training on quality of life of veterans' spouses working in adult schools in Tehran. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(3):1-11. [Persian]
[4]Vafaei T, Khosravi S. comparison between mental health of devotee’s spouses and normal person’s spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2009;1(4):9-13. [Persian]
[5]Yamininia N. Investigation of personality traits of wives of spinal cord and spinal cord injury and spouses of non-injured individuals [Dissertaton].Tehran: Tarbiat Moallem University; 2001. [Persian]
[6]Shoarinejad AA.Growth Psychology (1). Tehran: Payame Noor University; 2006. [Persian]
[7]Akbarizadeh F, Bagheri F, Hatami HR, Hajivandi A. Relationship between spiritual intelligence, hardiness and general health among nurses. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2012;15(6):466-72. [Persian]
[8]James Saduk B, Alcott Saduk V, Roez P. Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry behavioral sciences. Rezaei F, translator. Volume 2. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Arjmand; 2011 [Persian].
[9]Javadi R, Parv D. The relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience in students at university of social welfare science and rehabilitation. J Res Addict. 2009;2(8):69-82. [Persian]
[10]Fauci AJ, Bonciani M, Guerra R. Quality of life, vulnerability and resilience: a qualitative study of the tsunami impact on the affected population of Sri Lanka. Ann Ist Super Sanità. 2012;48(2):177-88.
[11]Murthy RS, Lakhminarayana R. Mental health consequences of war: a brief review of research findings. World Psychiatry. 2006;5(1):25-30.
[12]Ganzer CA. Veteran women: mental health-related consequences of military service. Am J Nurs. 2016;116(11):32-9.
[13]MacDonell GV, Bhullar N, Thorsteinsson EB. Depression, anxiety, and stress in partners of Australian combat veterans and military personnel: a comparison with Australian population norms. Peer J. 2016;4:e2373.
[14]Krešić Ćorića M, Klarića M, PetrovaB, Mihićb N. Psychological and behavioral problems in children of war veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychiatry. 2016;30(3):219-30.
[15]Quinn M. Psychosocial outcomes and predictors of distress among military spouses [Dissertaton]. Melbourne: Victoria University; 2017.
[16]Devine DT. Levels of distress among women veterans attending a women’s health specialty clinic in the VA healthcare system. [Dissertaton]. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida; 2016.
[17]Pemberton MR, Forman-Hoffman VL, Lipari RN, Ashley OS, Heller DC, Williams MR. Prevalence of past year substance use and mental illness by veteran status in a nationally representative sample. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality data review. 2016
[18]Ahmadi MS. Religious beliefs and lifestyle with quality of life of second grade high school students in Zanjan. Woman Fam Stud. 2015;8(3):8-20. [Persian]
[19]Afzalnia MR. Family mental health. 1st Edition. Tehran: Nasl-e noandish; 2007. [Persian]
[20]Hasanzadeh R, Farzan S, Khodemlou A. Theories and application of psychological and personality tests. Tehran: Arasbaran; 2014. [Persian]
[21]Farahini N, Afrouz G, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaei SK. The relationship between parenting styles, shyness and creativity in the gifted. J Sch Psychol. 2013;2(4):137-53. [Persian]
[22]Bigdeli I, Najafi M, Rostami M. The relation of attachment styles, emotion regulation, and resilience to well-being among students of medical sciences. Iran J Med Educ. 2013;13(9):721-29. [Persian]
[23]Compell-Sills L, Stein MB. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Conner-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10 item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(6):1019- 28.
[24]Keyhani M, Taghvaei D, Rajabi A, Amirpour B. Internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among nursing female students. Iran J Med Educ. 2015;14(10):857-59. [Persian]
[25]Taghavi SMR. Assessment of the validity and reliability of the general health questionnaire. J Psychology. 2001;5(4):381-98. [Persian]
[26]Nazifi M, Mokarami HR, Akbaritabar AA, Faraji Koujerdi M, Tabrizi R, Rahi A. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Persian translation of General Health Questionnire (GHQ-28) in Hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2014;3(4):336-42. [Persian]
[27]Jafarzadeh N. Relationship between parenting and resilience styles with happiness of students. J Educ Psychol. 2015;11(37):67-81. [Persian]
[28]Ghasemi M, Gholami A, Mehdizadeghan I. The effect of training Forgiveness on Resilience and Perceived stress in Wives of Veteran. Iran J War Public Health. 2017;9(4):177-83.
[29]Tozandehjani H, Tavakolizadeh J, Lazian Z. The effect of parenting styles on self-efficacy and mental health of Students. Horizon Med Sci. 2011;17(2):56-64. [Persian]
[30]Zarnaghash M, Mehrabizadeh M, Bashlideh K, Davoodi I, Marashi SA. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on quality of life and resiliency of veterans spouses in Ahvaz. Psychol Methods Models. 2016;7(23):83-99. [Persian]
[31]Seifi M. The effects of parenting styles on students' self-efficacy. Int J Hum Cult Stud. 2016;special Issus:2193-2200
[32]Mishra P, Kiran UV. Parenting style and social anxiety among adolescents. Int J Appl Home Sci. 2018;5(1):117-23.
[33]Mousavi SE, Low WY, Hashim AH. The relationships between perceived parental rearnig style and anxiety symptoms in malaysisan adolescents: the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas. J Depress Anxiety. 2016;2(9):1-8.
[34]Hanafi H, Mousa Thabet AA. The relationship between parenting styles and mental health problems among preschool children living in Gaza Strip. EC Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;7(7):347-57.
[35]Zhong X, Wu D, Nie X, Xia J, Li M, Lei F, et al. Parenting style, resilience, and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:135.
[36]Xu J, Ni S, Ran M, Zhang C. The relationship between parenting styles and adolescents’ social anxiety in migrant families: a study in Guangdong, China. Front Psychol. 2017;8:626.
[37]Eman Shokry A, Hanna Hamdy, Rehab Fathy AH, Marwa EL-Sh. Association between social phobia and parenting styles among secondary school students. Am J Nurs Sci. 2016;5(3):96-105.
[38]Mahaptra S, Batul R. Psychosocial consequences of parenting. J Hum Soc Sci. 2016;21(2):10-7.
[39]Sarwar S. Influence of parenting style on children’s behaviour. J Educ Educ Dev. 2016;3(2):221-49.