ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Khayatzade   J. (*)
Barakpour   E. (1)
Rakhshande   H. (2)






(*) Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
(1) Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
(2) Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Biology Department, Islamic Azad University, Rahnamaei 26 Street, Mashhad, Iran
Phone: +985138435050
Fax: +985138435050
j.khayatzadeh@mshdiau.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  January  17, 2014
Accepted:  August 10, 2014
ePublished:  February 19, 2015

BRIEF TEXT


… [1-6] Brassica oleracea L. is used as a wound healing in the traditional medicine [7]. There are A, C, and E vitamins in cabbage [8]. … [9] Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata is now referred due to its physiologic properties [10]. … [11, 12] Through stimulation of fibroblasts proliferation, reduction in the collagenase activity, inhibition of glucocorticoid, increasing the granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and reduction of microbial contamination, phenytoin heals the wounds [13].

Herbal flavonoid has anti-inflammatory effects [11]. Besides having color properties, anthocyanin of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata is effective on many physiological functions, especially anti-inflammatory properties [12].

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata on epithelial layer healing of skin and closing the created holes in male rats, compared with phenytoin medication.

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NIH male rats weighing 25-30gr (Razi Serum Center; Mashhad) were studied in Basic Sciences Faculty of Azad Islamic University (Mashhad; Iran).

40 rats were studied.

The rats were kept in suitable cages at 18-22°C and 50% wet in 12-houer dark-light cycle with enough water and food (standard industrial food) [14]. … [15] Firstly, the back hairs of the rats were removed after 5min using hair remover cream. And then, spraying lidocaine on that part, the animal was put by ether. A 6mm-diameter circle having been drawn on the back of the animal, its skin was cut by a long forceps and a surgical scissors. As primary skin, the removed tissue was transferred into formalin. The place was disinfected by betadine before and after cut. Extracting through soaking was used. Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata powder was gathered from farms rounding Mashhad City. Using rot-operator (Pars Teb Novin; Iran), the solvent was removed at 40°C; and the concentrated extract was kept at a refrigerator. To prepare 10% solution, 1g hydro-alcoholic extract was solved in 10cc normal saline. To prepare 20% solutions, 2g of each one were solved in 20cc normal saline. The rats were randomly divided into 10-rat groups, including negative control, positive control, and two treatment groups. Normal saline, 1% phenytoin (DarouPakhsh; Iran), and 10 and 20% hydro-alcoholic extract were administrated locally (5 drops with a filtered syringe) 2 times a day (up to closing the holes) to negative control, positive control, and treatment groups, respectively [16]. The primary holes were 6mm-diameter circles. To investigate the rate of restoration compared with the control tissue, the surfaces of the holes were measured and recorded at 1st, 4th, 7th, 12th, and 15th days after the primary punching, using transparent sheets and graph papers [17]. To investigate the microscopic sections, tissue sampling from the place of healing was done again at 1st, 4th, 7th, 12th, and 15th days after the primary punching. After washing with physiological serum, the samples were kept in 10% formalin. Tissue processing having been done, 6μm-thick sections were prepared from the samples. To investigate the epithelium thickness in the healing areas, H&E staining was done using the eye micrometer. Data was analyzed, using Tukey Post-hoc test and SPSS 16 software. … [18-25]

There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in the macroscopic evidences at 1st and 4th days after making holes. There was a significant reduction in the mean surface of the holes in 20% hydro-alcoholic extract group (13.5± 0.5mm²) compared to negative control (22.8±1.2mm²) and 10% hydro-alcoholic extract in the 7th day (20.3±1.5mm²). There was a significant reduction in the mean surface of the holes in the 12th day in 20% extract group (2.9±0.5mm²) compared to 10% extract (4.5±0.5mm²) and negative control (5.4±0.5mm²). However, there was no significant difference with phenytoin group (2.9±0.1mm²). At day 15, in the treatment group with 20% extract, the skin hole was closed (completely) sooner than other groups. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference with other treatment and control groups (Diagram 1). Since the day 7 and more rapidly than other groups, especially negative control (Fig. 1.A), in treatment group with 20% extract, there was an increase in the epithelial thickness (Fig. 1.B), and in day 12, there was a reduction in it down to the healthy skin epithelium (2.2μm) more rapidly than other groups (Fig. 1.C). Begun about the 10th day, the epithelium thickness increased in 10% extract group reached its highest level at day 12 (Fig. 1.D). Finally, at day 15 and after hole-making, in all treatment groups, the epithelium thickness was similar to the healthy skin and treatment with phenytoin. Nevertheless, there was a delay in negative control group (Diagram 2).  

Both extract were effective on accelerating healing the skin holes of the rat. The results of both doses of the extract were similar to phenytoin ointment; and in the treatment group with 20% extract, the procedure was more accelerated than phenytoin ointment. The mixture of alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata and egg-white highly affects the healing of the burn-wounds degree 2 [26]; however, the effects of each one lonely have not been identified. It seems that, due to C, A, and E vitamins and flavonoids, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata plays a role in wound healing. Vitamin C is treated as one of the effective factors on skin-wound healing [22]. Vitamin A is effective on the growth of epithelial tissue, increasing cross-linking of collagen, and increasing the strength and power of wound dehiscence [23]. As an antioxidant, Vitamin E plays a role in cell differentiation, epithelialization, initial inflammation response, and angiogenesis; and it is useful in wound healing in the diabetic persons [9]. … [27, 28]

Different concentrations and extracts of the herb and the powder of the herb or ointments derived from combinations of the compounds with base materials such as honey and animal fat should be investigated. The final fractions derived from biochemical analysis of the herb should be investigated.

Controlling the sanitary conditions of the wound and preventing the samples from death due to infection were of the limitations.

Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata has a similar effect as phenytoin ointment on the wound healing, i. e. rapid closing of the skin holes and proliferation of the epithelial cells.

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TABLES and CHARTS

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CITIATION LINKS

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