ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Namani   E (*1)
Bagherian Kakhki   M (2)






(*1) Educational Sciences Department, Literature & Humanities Faculty, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
(2) Consulting Department, Humanities Faculty, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran

Correspondence

Article History

Received:  July  22, 2018
Accepted:  December 31, 2018
ePublished:  May 15, 2019

BRIEF TEXT


After the end of the war and the return of the warriors to the family, due to the stresses of the war and its devastating effect on the spirit and soul of the veterans, the adverse effects of war on the family, especially the spouse, continue.

Allen et al. [14] in their two studies have shown their role of self-compassion in physical health and psychological well-being in individuals. Higher self-efficacy was associated with reduced emotional difficulties and life satisfaction. Perchiaky et al. [15] study on self-compassion effect in well-being indicated new evidences in the role of self-compassion in psychological distress. Jacobson et al. [16] emphasize that high levels of self-compassion can provide a supportive role for people at risk for mental disorders. This protective approach to yourself is associated with many positive psychological consequences, such as greater motivation for solving intrapersonal conflicts, effective problem solving, getting ready for being less shameful, less fear of failure, less negative self-assessment, less depression and anxiety, and more psychological well-being [17].

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological security in the relationship between optimism and self-compassion with psychological well-being in veterans' spouses.

This research is a descriptive-correlational study with the path analysis model.

This research was done on 226 veterans’ spouses supported by the foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs of Mashhad in 2017.

The sample size was determined 226 subjects by considering the study population and based on the Cochran formula. Sampling was done based on available sampling method and in voluntarily. The researcher selected the subjects from those referring to the foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs in Mashhad, who were interested in participating in the research. Accordingly, the sample size obtained 291 subjects through the winter 2017.

The research tools included the following questionnaires: 1- Reef’s Psychological Well-being Scales: it was developed by Reef in 1980 and in this study the 84-item form was used. Reff et al. [28] reported the internal consistency of between 0.82 and 0.90 for psychological well-being scales. 2- Reis et al.’s Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF): it is a 12-item scale developed by Reis et al. in 2011 [12]. Its validity has been reported appropriate by Zeller et al. [17]. 3- Scheier and Carver’s Optimism Scale: it was developed by Scheier and Carver in 1994, including 10 items, of which 3 items measure pessimism and 4 items measure pessimism and 4 items serve as fillers that are not scored. Its reliability obtained 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha. 4- Maslow's psychological security questionnaire: it (the full form) assesses various dimensions of psychological security. Cronbach's alpha for this scale was obtained 0.84, 0.85 and 0.86 in three studies [31]. Data was analyzed using Amos 20 and SPSS 22, using Pearson correlation test, path analysis and structural equation modeling.

In terms of age range, the majority of subjects aged between 35 to 59 years and the fewer aged over 59 years. In terms of education, the majority of subjects had diploma and the Master’s degree or above had the less frequency. Most of the samples had two children, and the fewer number of subjects had three or more children. There was a positive and significant correlation between psychological security with optimism and self-compassion, as well as between optimism, self-compassion and psychological security with psychological well-being (Table 1). There was not a direct significant relationship between optimism and self-compassion on psychological well-being (p>0.05), but psychological security had a mediating role in the relationship between optimism and self-compassion with psychological well-being.

Among the predictive variables in this study, self-compassion greatly explained variability in psychological well-being. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of Leary et al. [32], Jennings & Philip Tan [13], Bluth & Blanton [33], Mülazım & Eldeleklioğlu [33] and Sabaitytė & Diržytė [35]. Previous studies have shown that self-compassion is associated with virtuous virtues of well-being that are characterized by mental happiness, positive affection, and life satisfaction [38]. The findings of Zessin et al. [10], based on the theory of Reese et al. [12], have defined self-compassion as a component of life satisfaction. In addition, Allen et al. [14] in two studies have shown the mediating role of self-compassion in physical health and psychological well-being in individuals.

It is suggested that an intervention study examine the effect of psychological security training on psychological well-being of veterans' wives.

The small sample size was one of the limitations of this study.

The relationship between optimism and self-compassion with psychological well-being is not a simple linear relationship and psychological security can mediate this relationship.

The authors are thankful to all who collaborated in this study, especially the wives of the veteran of Mashhad, who responded to the questionnaire with grace and patience.

None declared.

All participants agreed to participate in the research.

This research was not supported by any organization and is financially supported by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

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