@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2014;1(3):54-62

Background
Physical activity means any kinds of movements performed by skeletal muscle that cause energy consumption [1].
Previous Studies
… [2-4].A group of population who require the intervention of physical activity,is a group of women in postpartum period (less than twelve months after delivery)and it has beenshown this group are less active than women of the same age without children or women with older children [5].[6-10]…In order to predict the physical activity behaviors in postpartum period,BAZNEF model was used. This model is used to study the behavior and planning for change and determine contributing factors in making decision to carry out effective behaviors as well as a deep and rich understanding of the beliefs,emotions, attitudes and values leading to healthy behaviors[11]…[ 12, 13
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to check predictors of physical activity in postpartum period in mothers who had referred to Kermanshah health care centers using BAZNEF model.
Research type
The study is a descriptive-analytic form of cross-sectional.
Research society, place and time
The study was carried out over 400 women who had referred to health care centers of Kermanshah in 2014.
Sampling method and number
It was a two-stage random sampling method. As Kermanshah city has 6 geographic area, randomly 2urban centers from each region and as a whole 12 health care centers were selected as the place of research.Samples were selected randomly from the lists in mother and childcare centers and they were studied. According to random number table, 35 people were selected from each center. Sampling was conducted during 4 months and totally 420 questionnaires were distributed among research units and finally 400 questionnaires were analyzed. Inclusion criteria included women aged 15 to 45 years between 6 weeks to 12 months after delivery without having acute and chronic physical and mental illnesses,women who have healthy babies, and women with health records by visiting the health centers in time to receive medical cares. In addition, exclusion criterion was the withdrawal of continuing participation in study by participants.
Used devices&materials
A researcher-made questionnaire consisted of three parts was used utilizing similar questionnaires (14) and with respect to the subject of the study. Evaluation and validation of the content and structure of the questionnaire was done withthe opinions of 10 experts in the field of health education related to the subject that in all items, the Ratio of Content Validity (CVR) and Content Validity Index was in accordance with the standard values. The first part of the underlying and demographic questions was consisted of 10 questions about demographic characteristic of the samples such as age, educationdegree, employmentstatus, baby age, family income, number of pregnancies, and type of birth, height and weight.The second part contained 13 specific questions relating to knowledge about the benefits of doing physical activity on three choices scale of true, false, do not know was that for each correct answers 1 score and for each wrong answers and don’t know answers zero scorewere considered. The score range was variable between zero to 13.In this part earning higher scores indicates greater knowledge about the benefits of doing physical activity in postpartum period.. The reliability of this part of the questionnaire was investigated in a pilot study among 30 women who had inclusion criteria in the present study, and the internal consistency of the questions was estimated as 0.71 .The third part of the questionnaire consisted of BAZNEF model questions included attitude toward physical activity with 8 questions on 5 choices scale of 1(too low)to 5(very high), physical activity behavioral intention with 4 questions, subjective norms associated with physical activity with 10 questions on 5 choices scale of 1(too low) to 5(very high)and enabling factors for doing physical activity included 10 questions on 5 choice scale of 1(completely disagree)to 5 (completely agree). The reliability of the questions in this section using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was evaluated on a group of 30 people and amount of intra-class correlation coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) for the questions of attitude was 0.87. It was 0.88 for behavioral intention,0.91 for subjective norms and 0.9 for enabling factors. Also,the behavior of physical activity was tested by using a 7-day short formof the International Physical Activity Questionnairethe validity and reliability of which has been reported in different studies (15, 16). According to the protocol of the scoring the questionnaire, the total intensity of physical activity undertaken a personis classified according to the energy consumption in last 7 days in one of three groups: light, medium and intensive. Accordingly, if the total calculated energy during the week is less than 600 met-min / week, the intensity of physical activity is categorized in the poor category. If it is between 600 and 3000 met-min /weak it is categorized in the medium group, and if it is more than 3000 met-min / week, it will be placed in intensive group. (17). In this study, less than 10 minutes duration activities were not considered in the calculation. Statistical analysis: Data analysis was done using SPSS version 18 software and utilizing of descriptive statistics, logistic regression, linear regression and Pearson correlation tests. The significance level less than 0.05 was taken in to consideration for tests.
Findings by Text
The age range of participants was between 16 and 45 years old with the mean age of 27.6±5.1, and most of them were in the age group of 26 to 30 years old.43.8 percent of mothers had diploma degree and 22.5 percent of them had an academic degree.Based on the results, 10 percent of participants were employed and 90 percent were housewives.52.2 percent of mothers participating in the study had normal delivery and59.7 percent of mothers had the experience of onepregnancy.In addition, 29.5 percent reported a history of two pregnancies. 40.2 percent of women had the obese body mass index and 4.2percent had very obese body mass index. 47.8 percent of their family income was moderate (between 500 thousand to one millionTomans) and 36% in low level in this domain (less than 500 thousands Tomans). In this study, checking maternal physical activity status showed that 83 percent of mothers were doing light physical activity in postpartum period and 17 percent had a moderate physical activity. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient between knowledge and BASNEF Model is presented in Table 1. According to the results, knowledge, attitude, subjective norms and behavioral intention of physical activity had a significant positive correlation with each other (p<0.001). Enabling factors showed a significant positive correlation only by behavioral intention (p<0.05) and they did not have any significant correlation with the rest of the model constructs (p>0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the overall various BASNEF constructs explained 21 percent of the variance in intention of doing physical activity in the studied mothers. According to the findings, the constructs of knowledge, attitude and subjective norms had the ability to predict behavioral intention that subjective norms (p<0.001) showed a higher predictive ability (Table 2). The results of logistic regression analysis BAZNEF model constructs, has been presented in Table 3. According to the findings, among the behavioral intention and enabling factors, only behavioral intention was predictive of physical activity behavior (P˂0.001) and enabling factors had no role in predicting behavior.
Main comparison to the similar studies
The results of a study by Moeini et al. showed that attitude and subjective norms were predictors of regular physical activity among students[12]. ... [14-26]. The results of other studies in case of relationship between subjective norms and intention of the physical activity had been confirmed that they are in line with the findings of the present study [27, 28]. Down`s et al. study shows a weak relationship between subjective norms and behavioral intentionin comparison to other behavioral theory constructs [29-30] that didn’t match with the result of this study. ... [31,35]
Suggestions
The use of BASNEF model with the focus on behavioral intention will bring fruitful results in the future interventions.
Limitations
The limitation of the study is that the data was collected by self-reporting. Therefore, it may not reflect the actual performance of the persons. Also, due to the cross-sectional and homogeneity of the study population,the results may not be generalized to all the women in the population.
Conclusions
Most mothers in the postpartum period are sedentary
Acknowledgments
The Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology (Social Determinant of Health Research Center) of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, university officials, and personnel of the health centers in Kermanshah are appreciated.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
Participants in research were explained and justified on the method of the research, confidentiality of information, and the aim of the study, and they were enrolled with their desire and consent.
Funding Sources
This article is the result of approved project in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (registration number:930 126 378) and it has been done by financial support from Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology of the university (Social Determinants of Health Research Center)

TABLES and CHARTS

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