@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-3483    Journal of Police Medicine 2019;8(3):123-129

Background
Occupational features and psychological characteristics are constantly interactive and dynamic [1]. Referring to the medical commission is carried out by the police forces for various reasons ... [2].
Previous Studies
... [3-5]. The most common diseases in Police Force employees are low back pain, cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases [6], which is likely to be related to psychological reasons, including stress. … [7] ... [8]. … [9]. Depression is another issue that is considered as a murderer in police [10]. ... [11-14]. A research in England and Wales suggests that half of the senior officers have anxiety symptoms and 27% have the symptoms of depression [15] ... [16]. Anxiety is another common concern among police officers. ... [17, 18]. Anxiety is one of the problems that has a significant frequency in Tabriz Police Operations employees [19]. [18]. Studies by Sohrabian [20], Bagheri & Piroozi [21], Rezaei et al. [22], Sadeghi & Hashemi [23], Asadzandi et al. [11], Erbel et al. [24], Husin [25], Lawson et al. [26], Brugg & Adrexwell [27], and Collins and Gibbs [28] acknowledge the aspects of the relationship between emotional issues with physical pains.
Aim(s)
This research was conducted to identify the effective factors on referral to the Medical Commission and their impact.
Research type
This is a cross-sectional study.
Research society, place and time
This study was conducted during the period from December 2017 to June 2018 among all police officers of West Tehran (118 people).
Sampling method and number
Due to the small sample size, all those who were willing to cooperate (105 people) entered the study.
Used devices&materials
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Spielberger Job Stress Survey (JSS), and the Researcher-made questionnaire for affecting factors for referral to the medical commission were used for data collection. BAI: Its internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) has been reported to be 0.92, and five types of validity, including content validity, Concurrent validity, structural validity and factor validity have been measured, which is indicative of its high efficiency. Kaviani and Mousavi reported a Cronbach's alpha of 0.02 in their psychometric properties measurements [29]. BDI-II: Fetti et al. performed this scale on a sample of 94 people from the Iranian population and reported an alpha coefficient of 0.91 and a retest reliability coefficient of 0.94 for a week interval. The BDI-II alpha coefficient for outpatients is 0.92 and for students is 0.93. The questionnaire also has a high validity [30]. JSS: In another study, using the Cronbach's alpha, its reliability was 0.84 [31]. The researcher-made questionnaire for affecting factors for referral to the medical commission: It has 12 components, including demographic information (age, branch, rank), type of introduction for examination, hospitalization, commission outcome, exercise, family issues, job satisfaction, taking medication, economic problems, military limitations, comparing with other occupations and proportion of workload to expectations. Except for the job satisfaction component (on a 5-point Likert scale from very much (5) to very little (1), it was scored by "Yes" and "No." Its content and face validity were confirmed by using the CVI and CVR formulas and by experts. The reliability of this test was calculated 0.82 by Cronbach's alpha. After obtaining the permissions from Tehran Police Headquarter and ethical confirmation in the NAJA's Office of Applied Research, West Tehran, during the research period, the questionnaires were given to subjects to answer. Finally, 93 completed questionnaires were returned and reviewed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the referral to the Medical Commission. In order to assess the lack of multicollinearity among predictor variables, the correlation matrix of variables was calculated that all correlation values were less than 0.8, so the presumption of the existence of correlation was also approved in the present study.
Findings by Text
Exercise (p = 0.002), family issues (p = 0.004), job satisfaction (p = 0.03), taking medication (p = 0.001), economic problems (p = 0.007), comparing with other occupations (p = 0.023), meeting expectations with good performance (p <0.001), overwork (p <0.001), type of exemption, rank (p = 0.01) and cause of hospitalization (p <0.001) had a significant effect on the rate of referral to the medical commission. Depression (p = 0.3), anxiety (p = 0.3), stress (p = 0.3), length of hospitalization (p = 0.3), duration of exemption (p = 0.6), fair wage (p = 0.4), military limitations (p = 0.56), health level (p = 0.5), age (p = 0.1), occupational status (p = 0.32) and branch (p = 0.27) had no significant effect on the rate of referral to the medical commission. Meeting expectations with good performance, overwork and type of exemption were effective for referral to the medical commission due to psychological problems and depression, exercise, economic problems, meeting expectations with good performance and rank were effective for referral to the medical commission due to physical problems (p <0.05; Table 1).
Main comparison to the similar studies
It was indicated that exercise, family issues, job satisfaction, taking medication, economic problems, comparing with other occupations, meeting expectations with good performance, overwork, type of exemption, length and cause of hospitalization had a significant effect on the number of referrals to the medical commission. These findings are consistent with the results of Karami et al. [2], Sohrabian [20], Bagheri & Piroozi [21], Rezaei et al. [22], Sadeghi & Hashemi [23], Asadzandi et al. [11] Erbel et al. [24] Lawson et al. [26], Brugg & Edriscol [27] and Choline & Gibbs [28]. These findings are also consistent with the studies by Gill [15], and Fall and Fall [16]. … [18]. … [32-36].
Suggestions
None declared.
Limitations
None declared.
Conclusions
Meeting expectations with good performance, overwork and type of exemption were effective for referral to the medical commission due to psychological problems and depression, exercise, economic problems, meeting expectations with good performance and rank were effective for referral to the medical commission due to physical problems
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to all NAJA employees in West Tehran and the staff of the West Tehran Office of Applied Research, as well as to the NAJA Health, Rescue and Treatment.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Ethical Permissions
This study was conducted with the permission of the military organization and observance of ethical considerations and obtaining the ethics code.
Funding Sources
None declared.

TABLES and CHARTS

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