@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(3):181-188
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(3):181-188
Development and Validation of a Moral Intelligence Measure for the Adolescent Children of Veterans
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Abadian A. (1)Robatmili S. (*2)
(*2) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1985946563Phone: +98 (21) 44865179
Fax: -
somayemili@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: December 22, 2019Accepted: May 18, 2020
ePublished: March 3, 2021
ABSTRACT
Aims
War has many psychological and behavioral consequences for the veteran and other members of his family. Many factors, including moral intelligence, play a protective role against the psychological damage of these families. This study aimed to design and validate the psychometric properties of the Moral Intelligence Questionnaire for veterans’ adolescents.
Instrument & Methods For this descriptive correlational research with the experimentation approach, a sample of 325 adolescent girls and boys aged from 14 to 18 years living in Tehran in 2019, who were studying in the first and second secondary schools were selected using the available methods from regions 2 and 5. Then, from each of those areas, 4 schools (2 girls 'schools and 2 boys' schools) were selected by simple random sampling, and finally the students of 14 classes answered the designed moral intelligence questionnaire and Maslow's self-actualization. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to design and validate the questionnaire's psychometric properties. Data using software SPSS 21 were analyzed.
Findings To extract the underlying factors of the 70-item Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, the Kaiser-Mir-Oliken (KMO) index was equal to 0.858, and the Bartlett spherical index was equal to 7208.51 and was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. Based on the common meanings of the items, the first component was "maintaining the dignity of others", the second component was "adherence to principles", the third component was "moral sensitivity", the fourth component was "moral self-efficacy" and the fifth component was "ego empowerment". Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients' results obtained more than 0.7 for the components and a positive and significant correlation coefficient (p<0.01), the questionnaire was reliable and valid.
Conclusion The Moral Intelligence Scale is a reliable and valid tool as a model for measuring moral intelligence in the children of veterans’ adolescents in Tehran concerning socio-cognitive changes in Iranian society.
Instrument & Methods For this descriptive correlational research with the experimentation approach, a sample of 325 adolescent girls and boys aged from 14 to 18 years living in Tehran in 2019, who were studying in the first and second secondary schools were selected using the available methods from regions 2 and 5. Then, from each of those areas, 4 schools (2 girls 'schools and 2 boys' schools) were selected by simple random sampling, and finally the students of 14 classes answered the designed moral intelligence questionnaire and Maslow's self-actualization. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to design and validate the questionnaire's psychometric properties. Data using software SPSS 21 were analyzed.
Findings To extract the underlying factors of the 70-item Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, the Kaiser-Mir-Oliken (KMO) index was equal to 0.858, and the Bartlett spherical index was equal to 7208.51 and was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. Based on the common meanings of the items, the first component was "maintaining the dignity of others", the second component was "adherence to principles", the third component was "moral sensitivity", the fourth component was "moral self-efficacy" and the fifth component was "ego empowerment". Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients' results obtained more than 0.7 for the components and a positive and significant correlation coefficient (p<0.01), the questionnaire was reliable and valid.
Conclusion The Moral Intelligence Scale is a reliable and valid tool as a model for measuring moral intelligence in the children of veterans’ adolescents in Tehran concerning socio-cognitive changes in Iranian society.
CITATION LINKS
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[16]Nash ST. The changing of the gods: abused Christian wives and their hermeneutic revision of gender, power, and spousal conduct. Qual Soc. 2006;29(2):195‐209.
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[18]Coles R. The moral intelligence of children. Fam Court Rev. 1998;36(1):90-5.
[19]Maslow AH. Critique of self-actualization theory. J Humanist Educ Dev. 1991;29(3):103-8.
[20]Mousavi SH, Dargahi H. Ethnic differences and motivation based on Maslow's theory on Iranian employees. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(5):516-21.
[21]Amiri Y. Investigating the needs of school principals in Tehran based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs [Dissertation]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 1996. [Persian]
[22]Borba M. Parents Do make a difference. San Francisco: Jessy-Bass; 1999.
[2]Beyrami M, Hashemi T, Fathi Azar E, Alayi P. The effectiveness of shame management training based on PEGS program in reducing bullying of female adolescents. Q J New Psychol Res. 2015;10(3):1‐23. [Persian]
[3]Bazoolnejad M, Robatmili S. Correlation of parental perception and its components with attachment style and tendency to communicate with the opposite sex in veterans’ daughters. Iran J War Public Health. 2018;10(2):91‐7. [Persian]
[4]Borba M. Building moral intelligence: The seven essential virtues that teach kids to do the right thing. New York: Wiley; 2001.
[5]Borba M. The step-by-step plan to building moral intelligence. New York: Jossey-Bass; 2005.
[6]Lennick D, Kiel F. Linking strong moral principles to business success [Dissertation]. Pennsylvania: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania; 2005.
[7]Seiffge-Krenke I, Overbeek G, Vermulst A. Parentchild relationship trajectories during adolescence: Longitudinal associations with romantic outcomes in emerging adulthood. J Adolesc. 2010;33(1):159-71.
[8]Roelofs J, Onckels L, Muris P. Attachment quality and psychopathological symptoms in clinically referred adolescents: The mediating role of early maladaptive schema. J Child Fam Stud. 2013;22(3):377-85.
[9]Kawabata Y, Alink LRA, Tseng WL, Van IJzendoorn MH, Crick NR. Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. Dev Rev. 2011;31(4):240-78.
[10]Pargament KI, McCarthy S, Shah P, Ano G, Tarakeshwar N, Wachholtz A, et al. Religion and HIV: A review of the literature and clinical implications. South Med J. 2004;97(12):1201‐9.
[11]Chow KW, Lo BCY. Parental factors associated with rumination related metacognitive beliefs in adolescence. Front Psychol. 2017;8:536.
[12]Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):64-74.
[13]Turner N, Barling J. Transformational leadership and moral reasoning. J Appl Psychol. 2002;87(2):304-11.
[14]Flite CA, Harman LB. Code of ethics: principles for ethical leadership. Perspect Health Inf Manag. 2013;10(Winter):1d.
[15]Rigby K, Slee PT, Martin G. Implications of inadequate parental bonding and peer victimization for adolescent mental health. J Adolesc. 2007;30(5):801-12.
[16]Nash ST. The changing of the gods: abused Christian wives and their hermeneutic revision of gender, power, and spousal conduct. Qual Soc. 2006;29(2):195‐209.
[17]Liu AM, Fellows R, Ng J. Surveyors' perspectives on ethics in organizational culture. Eng Constr Archit Manag. 2004;11(6):438-49.
[18]Coles R. The moral intelligence of children. Fam Court Rev. 1998;36(1):90-5.
[19]Maslow AH. Critique of self-actualization theory. J Humanist Educ Dev. 1991;29(3):103-8.
[20]Mousavi SH, Dargahi H. Ethnic differences and motivation based on Maslow's theory on Iranian employees. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(5):516-21.
[21]Amiri Y. Investigating the needs of school principals in Tehran based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs [Dissertation]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 1996. [Persian]
[22]Borba M. Parents Do make a difference. San Francisco: Jessy-Bass; 1999.