@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):195-202
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):195-202
Nicotine Dependence Status and Related Demographic Patterns in Cigarette and Water Pipe Consumers in Bushehr City
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Chenary R. (*1)Saeedfiroozabadi M. (2)
Shirmohammadi-Khorram N. (3)
(*1) Department of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(2) The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
(3) Biostatistics Department, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: February 29, 2020Accepted: April 21, 2020
ePublished: September 20, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
In recent years, the trend towards smoking has increased. According to various studies, many factors increase smoking, and understanding the patterns of increase in these behaviors is important for designing prevention policies and programs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nicotine dependence status and related demographic patterns in cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city.
Instrument & Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 366 people of cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city in 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using the Standard Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software using multilevel logistic regression.
Findings The mean score of nicotine dependence was 46.61±11.18. 61.7% of consumers had moderate dependence. Variables of age, education level, and duration of use were significant predictors of the severity of nicotine dependence (p<0.05).
Conclusion Nicotine dependence is moderate among cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city and people with a lower level of education, a longer duration of use, and the onset of use at a younger age are more strongly dependent on nicotine.
Instrument & Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 366 people of cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city in 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using the Standard Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software using multilevel logistic regression.
Findings The mean score of nicotine dependence was 46.61±11.18. 61.7% of consumers had moderate dependence. Variables of age, education level, and duration of use were significant predictors of the severity of nicotine dependence (p<0.05).
Conclusion Nicotine dependence is moderate among cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city and people with a lower level of education, a longer duration of use, and the onset of use at a younger age are more strongly dependent on nicotine.
CITATION LINKS
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[27]Pedro JM, Brito M, Barros H. Tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence in Bengo Province, Angola: a community-based survey. PloS One. 2017;12(11):e0188586.
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[29]King BA, Dube SR, Tynan MA. Current tobacco use among adults in the United States: findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(11):e93-100.
[30]Gurung MS, Pelzom D, Dorji T, Drukpa W, Wangdi C, Chinnakali P, et al. Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014. Popul Health Metr. 2016;14(1):28.
[31]Donny EC, Griffin KM, Shiffman S, Sayette MA. The relationship between cigarette use, nicotine dependence, and craving in laboratory volunteers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(5):934-42.
[32]Kandel DB, Hu MC, Griesler PC, Schaffran C. On The Development Of Nicotine Dependence In Adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;91(1):26-39.
[2]Bashirian S, Barati M, Sharma M, Abasi H, Karami M. Predicting to reduce water pipe smoking in male adolescents: using multi theory model (MTM). J Subst Use. 2020;25(1):50-5.
[3]Nikčević AV, Alma L, Marino C, Kolubinski D, Yılmaz-Samancı AE, Caselli G, et al. Modelling the contribution of negative affect, outcome expectancies and metacognitions to cigarette use and nicotine dependence. Addict Behav. 2017;74:82-9.
[4]Zhang TX, Saccone NL, Bierut LJ, Rice JP. Targeted sequencing identifies genetic polymorphisms of flavin‐containing monooxygenase genes contributing to susceptibility of nicotine dependence in European American and African American. Brain and Behav. 2017;7(4):e00651.
[5]Saeed Firoozabadi M, Tahmasebi R, Noroozi A. An Application of Planned Behavior Theory in Predicting Nicotine Dependence among Water pipe Consumer Women in Bushehr City in 2013-14. Toloo-e-behdasht. 2016;15(2):58-72. [Persian]
[6]Rezvanfard M, Ekhtiari H, Mokri A, Esmaeeli Djavid G, Kaviani H. Psychological and behavioral traits in smokers and their relationship with nicotine dependence level. Arch Iran Med. 2010;13(5):395-405. [Persian]
[7]Divinakumar KJ, Patra P, Prakash J, Daniel A. Prevalence and patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among males industrial workers. Indust Psychiatry J. 2017;26(1):19-23.
[8]Picco L, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar EA, Chong SA. Smoking and nicotine dependence in Singapore: findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2017; 41(8):325-34.
[9]Afrasiabi H, Maddahi J. A Qualitative Study about social context of cigarette smoking among students in men dormitory. Strateg Res Soc Prob Iran. 2017;5(4):79-98. [Persian]
[10]Grant BF, Hasin DS, Chou SP, Stinson FS, Dawson DA. Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the united states: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(11):1107-15.
[11]Shamsipour M, Korani Bahador R, Mohammadpoor Asl A, Mansoori A. Smoking Prevalence and Associated Factors to Quit among Tabriz Dormitory University Medical Students, Tabriz, Iran. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2012;6(1):75-82 . [Persian]
[12]Ghodousi A, Aminoroaya M, Attari A, Merasi MR, Maghsoodloo S. The prevalance of cigarette smoking and some demographic and psychological characteristics in students of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. J Res Behav Sci. 2013;10(6):401-10. [Persian]
[13]Grossman M, Bowie CR, Lepage M, Malla AK, Joober , Iyer SN. Smoking status and its relationship to demographic and clinical characteristics in first episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;85:83-90.
[14]Bekele T, Rueda S, Gardner S, Raboud J, Smieja M, Kennedy R, et al. Trends and correlates of cigarette smoking and its impacts on health-related quality of life among people living with HIV: findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study, 2008–2014. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2017;31(2):49-59.
[15]Bashirian S, Barati M, Abasi H, Sharma M, Karami M. The role of sociodemographic factors associated with waterpipe smoking among male adolescents in western Iran: a cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis. 2018;16:29.
[16]Bentler PM, Chou CP. Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociol Methods Res. 1987;16(1):78-117.
[17]Bollen KA. Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley; 1989.
[18]Shiffman S, Waters AJ, Hickcox M. The nicotine dependence syndrome scale: a multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(2):327-48.
[19]Choi HJ, Yu M, Sacco P. Racial and ethnic differences in patterns of adolescent tobacco users: A latent class analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;84:86-93.
[20]Amrock SM, Gordon T, Zelikoff JT, Weitzman M. Hookah use among adolescents in the United States: results of a national survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(2):231-7.
[21]Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M, Nedjat S, Mohammadi E, Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi S. Prevalence of water pipe use and its correlates in Iranian women of reproductive age in Tehran: a population-based study. Med Princ Pract. 2012;21(4):340-4. [Persian]
[22]Morean ME, Krishnan-Sarin S, O’Malley SS. Assessing nicotine dependence in adolescent E-cigarette users: The 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for electronic cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;188:60-3.
[23]Selya AS, Dierker L, Rose JS, Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ. Early-emerging nicotine dependence has lasting and time-varying effects on adolescent smoking behavior. Prev Sci. 2016;17(6):743-50.
[24]Jalilian F, Karami Matin B, Ahmadpanah M, Ataee M, Ahmadi Jouybari T, Eslami AA, et al. Socio-demographic characteristics associated with cigarettes smoking, drug abuse and alcohol drinking among male medical university students in Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2015;15(1):42-6.
[25]Bashirian S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y, Mostafaei H. Factors associated with hookah use among male high school students: the role of demographic characteristics and hookah user and non-user prototypes. J Res Health Sci. 2016;16(4):217-23.
[26]Rubinstein ML, Rait MA, Prochaska JJ. Frequent marijuana use is associated with greater nicotine addiction in adolescent smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;141:159-62.
[27]Pedro JM, Brito M, Barros H. Tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence in Bengo Province, Angola: a community-based survey. PloS One. 2017;12(11):e0188586.
[28]Saeed Firoozabadi M, Tahmasebi R, Noroozi A. Status of nicotine dependence and some related factors among waterpipe consumer women in Bushehr 2013-14. Iran South Med J. 2015;18(4):761-72. [Persian]
[29]King BA, Dube SR, Tynan MA. Current tobacco use among adults in the United States: findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(11):e93-100.
[30]Gurung MS, Pelzom D, Dorji T, Drukpa W, Wangdi C, Chinnakali P, et al. Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014. Popul Health Metr. 2016;14(1):28.
[31]Donny EC, Griffin KM, Shiffman S, Sayette MA. The relationship between cigarette use, nicotine dependence, and craving in laboratory volunteers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(5):934-42.
[32]Kandel DB, Hu MC, Griesler PC, Schaffran C. On The Development Of Nicotine Dependence In Adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;91(1):26-39.