@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2018;2(1):9-12
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2018;2(1):9-12
Maternal Risk Factors of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) after 37 Weeks of Pregnancy
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Alijani L. (1)Mosadegh H. (1)
Saremi A.T. (*)
Mashhadikhan M. (2)
(*) “Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR)” and “Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC)” , Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(1) “Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR)” and “Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC)” , Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(2) Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: September 23, 2016Accepted: January 12, 2017
ePublished: February 15, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Different risk factors are known to be contributed to premature rupture of membrane (PROM). However, its certain cause has always been discussed. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the maternal risk factors of PROM after 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Materials & Methods This case-control study was conducted on 242 pregnant women referred to Sarem women’s hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2011-2013. The women in case group (n=121) had PROM at least one hour before delivery. The women in control group (n=121) were matched in terms of maternal age with case group. The effects of factors including vaginal culture, abortion history, gravids, history of cervical surgery and cervical length were investigated on PROM. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fischer exact and Mann-Whitney tests by SPSS software.
Findings There was no significant difference in age distribution between case and control groups. There were no significance associations between gravids, vaginal culture and history of cerclage with PROM (p>0.05). However, significant associations were found between the numbers of previous abortions and cervix length less than 35mm with PROM (p<0.05).
Conclusion The factors including cervical length less than 35mm and the number of previous abortions (both of which are related in some way) are the maternal risk factors affecting PROM after 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Materials & Methods This case-control study was conducted on 242 pregnant women referred to Sarem women’s hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2011-2013. The women in case group (n=121) had PROM at least one hour before delivery. The women in control group (n=121) were matched in terms of maternal age with case group. The effects of factors including vaginal culture, abortion history, gravids, history of cervical surgery and cervical length were investigated on PROM. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fischer exact and Mann-Whitney tests by SPSS software.
Findings There was no significant difference in age distribution between case and control groups. There were no significance associations between gravids, vaginal culture and history of cerclage with PROM (p>0.05). However, significant associations were found between the numbers of previous abortions and cervix length less than 35mm with PROM (p<0.05).
Conclusion The factors including cervical length less than 35mm and the number of previous abortions (both of which are related in some way) are the maternal risk factors affecting PROM after 37 weeks of pregnancy.
CITATION LINKS
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[11]Di Renzo GC, Roura LC, Facchinetti F, Antsaklis A, Breborowicz G, Gratacos E, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: Identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(5):659-67.
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[13]Lee T, Carpenter MW, Heber WW, Silver HM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: Risks of recurrent complications in the next pregnancy among a population-based sample of gravid women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):209-13.
[14]Bayat MM, Tabrizian F, Dolatabady E, Khalesian B. Analysis of some maternal risk factors in preterm delivery. J Mediv Sci. 2009;3(19):141-6. [Persian]
[15]Schleubner E. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of premature labor. Deut Arztebl Int. 2013;110(13):227-35.
[16]Aarts JM, Brons JT, Bruinse HW. Emergency cerclage: A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1995;50(6):459-69.
[17]Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, Rust OA, Owen J. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth: A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(3):663-71.
[18]Minkoff H, Grunebaum AN, Schwarz RH, Feldman J, Cummings M, Crombleholme W, et al. Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: A prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150(8):965-72.
[19]Mercer BM, Arheart KL. Antimicrobial therapy in expectant management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Lancet. 1995;346(8985):1271-9.
[20]Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 203;2:CD001058.
[21]Steinfeld JD, Lenkoski C, Lerer T, Wax JR, Ingardia CJ. Neonatal morbidity at 34-37 weeks: The role of ruptured membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(1):120-3.
[2]Nili F, Shams Ansari A. Neonatal complications of premature rupture of membrane. Acta Med Iran. 2003;41(3):175-9. [Persian]
[3]Li N, Fu Q, Cai W. Cause analysis and clinical management experience of the premature rupture of membrane. 2013;3:222-6.
[4]Ahirwar G, Rajput N, Verma YS. Study of patient with premature rupture of membranes. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2015;4(31):S288-93.
[5]Resnik R, Creasy RK, Iams J, Lockwood Ch, Moore Th. Creasy and resnik's maternal-fetal medicine: Principles and practice. 7th edition. New South Wales: Saunders; 2004.
[6]Gahwagi MM, Busarira MO, Atia M. Premature rupture of membranes characteristics, determinants, and outcomes of in Benghazi, Libya. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;5(9):494-504.
[7]Choudhary M, Rathore SB, Chowdhary J, Garg S. Pre and post conception risk factors in PROM. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015;3(10):2594-8.
[8]Boskabadi H, Maamouri G, Mafinejad S. Neonatal complications related with prolonged rupture of membranes. Maced J Med Sci. 2011;4(1):93-8.
[9]Yildiz H, Abali S, Keskin S. Investigation of risk factors according to gestational age in cases with premature rupture of membrane. pak j Med Sci. 2012;28(1):124-9.
[10]El Messidi A, Cameron A. Diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes: Inspiration from the past and insights for the future. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010;32(6):561-9.
[11]Di Renzo GC, Roura LC, Facchinetti F, Antsaklis A, Breborowicz G, Gratacos E, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: Identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(5):659-67.
[12]Cobo T, Palacio M, Martínez Terrón M, Navarro Sastre A, Bosch J, Filella X, et al. Clinical and inflammatory markers in amniotic fluid as predictors of adverse outcomes in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(2):126.e1-8.
[13]Lee T, Carpenter MW, Heber WW, Silver HM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: Risks of recurrent complications in the next pregnancy among a population-based sample of gravid women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):209-13.
[14]Bayat MM, Tabrizian F, Dolatabady E, Khalesian B. Analysis of some maternal risk factors in preterm delivery. J Mediv Sci. 2009;3(19):141-6. [Persian]
[15]Schleubner E. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of premature labor. Deut Arztebl Int. 2013;110(13):227-35.
[16]Aarts JM, Brons JT, Bruinse HW. Emergency cerclage: A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1995;50(6):459-69.
[17]Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, Rust OA, Owen J. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth: A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(3):663-71.
[18]Minkoff H, Grunebaum AN, Schwarz RH, Feldman J, Cummings M, Crombleholme W, et al. Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: A prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150(8):965-72.
[19]Mercer BM, Arheart KL. Antimicrobial therapy in expectant management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Lancet. 1995;346(8985):1271-9.
[20]Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 203;2:CD001058.
[21]Steinfeld JD, Lenkoski C, Lerer T, Wax JR, Ingardia CJ. Neonatal morbidity at 34-37 weeks: The role of ruptured membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(1):120-3.