@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(3):141-147
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(3):141-147
Effectiveness of Berking's Emotional Competence Intervention in Emotional Self-Regulation of Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury in Isfahan Province
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Abed M. (1)Raeisi Z. (1)
Rezaei-Jamalouei H. (*1)
Ansari Shahidi M. (1)
(1) Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Daneshgah Sq., Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran Postal Code: 8514143131Phone: +98 (913) 3327112
Fax: +98 (31) 42292929
h.rezayi2@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: November 4, 2020Accepted: January 5, 2021
ePublished: March 3, 2021
ABSTRACT
Aims
Spinal cord injury widely affects the physical and mental health of individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Berking's emotional competence intervention in the emotional self-regulation of several veterans with spinal cord injury.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on all veterans with spinal cord injury in Isfahan in November and December 2019 (whose number was 264 according to the statistics provided by Treatment Deputy of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Isfahan Province). Initially, through purposive sampling and using the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire as a screening instrument and a pre-test, 31 veterans with a deficit in this skill were identified and randomly assigned to experimental (16 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. Berking's Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire and demographic information questionnaire were used. The intervention was performed using integrated emotional competence training in 7 one-hour sessions as separate groups. Post-test and one-month follow-up was conducted at the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS23 using MANCOVA and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was significant in all components of the Emotional Regulation Skills Questionnaire (p≤0.05), which implies the effectiveness of emotion regulation intervention in improving the emotional self-regulation of the veterans with spinal cord injury; however, no significant difference was found between the post-test and follow-up scores which indicates the continuity and stability of the findings up to the follow-up stage (p≥0.05).
Conclusion Berking's emotional competence intervention can be an effective intervention for improving veterans' emotional self-regulation with spinal cord injury.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on all veterans with spinal cord injury in Isfahan in November and December 2019 (whose number was 264 according to the statistics provided by Treatment Deputy of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Isfahan Province). Initially, through purposive sampling and using the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire as a screening instrument and a pre-test, 31 veterans with a deficit in this skill were identified and randomly assigned to experimental (16 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. Berking's Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire and demographic information questionnaire were used. The intervention was performed using integrated emotional competence training in 7 one-hour sessions as separate groups. Post-test and one-month follow-up was conducted at the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS23 using MANCOVA and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was significant in all components of the Emotional Regulation Skills Questionnaire (p≤0.05), which implies the effectiveness of emotion regulation intervention in improving the emotional self-regulation of the veterans with spinal cord injury; however, no significant difference was found between the post-test and follow-up scores which indicates the continuity and stability of the findings up to the follow-up stage (p≥0.05).
Conclusion Berking's emotional competence intervention can be an effective intervention for improving veterans' emotional self-regulation with spinal cord injury.
Keywords:
Spinal Cord Injury ,
Berking's Emotional Competence Intervention,
Emotional Self-Regulation ,
CITATION LINKS
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[6]Lee TT, Green BA. Advances in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33(2):311-5.
[7]Shroff FM, Sahota IS. Holistic health and people with spinal cord injuries: Results of a pilot study With Canadian rehabilitation health care providers. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2013;25(2):64-72.
[8]Martz E, Livneh H, Priebe M, Wuermser LA, Ottomanelli L. Predictors of psychosocial adaptation among people with spinal cord injury or disorder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(6):1182-92.
[9]Marks D. Dimensions of oppression: Theorising the embodied subject. Disabil Soc. 1999;14(5):611-26.
[10]Szekely RD, Miu AC. Incidental emotions in moral dilemmas: The influence of emotion regulation. Cogn Emot. 2015; 29(1):64-75.
[11]Hopwood CJ, Schade N, Matusiewicz A, Daughters SB, Lejuez CW. Emotion regulation promotes persistence in a residential substance abuse treatment. Subst Use Misuse.2015;50(2):251-6.
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[14]Gross JJ. Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psycho. 1998;74(1):224-37.
[15]Beedie C, Terry P, Lane A. Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cogn Emot. 2005;19(6):847-78.
[16]Roseman IJ, Spindel MS, Jose PE. Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59(5):899-915.
[17]Niven K, Garcia D, van der Löwe I, Holman D, Mansell W. Becoming popular: Interpersonal emotion regulation predicts relationship formation in real life social networks. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1452-63.
[18]Underwood, M.K. Top ten pressing questions about the development of emotion regulation. Motiv Emot. 1997;21:127-46.
[19]Tsai W, Lu Q. Culture, emotion suppression and disclosure, and health. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2018;12(3):e12373.
[20]Craig A, Tran Y, Middleton J. Psychological morbidity and spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(2):108-14.
[21]Pollard C, Kennedy P. A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post‐traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: A 10‐year review. Br J Health Psychol. 2007;12(Pt 3):347-62.
[22]Kennedy P, Evans M, Sandhu N. Psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury: The contribution of coping, hope and cognitive appraisals. Psychol Health Med. 2009;14(1):17-33.
[23]Dickson A, O’Brien G, Ward R, Flowers P, Allan D, O’Carroll R. Adjustment and coping in spousal caregivers following a traumatic spinal cord injury: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol. 2012;17(2):247-57.
[24]Fronek P, Kendall M, Booth S, Eugarde E, Geraghty T. A longitudinal study of sexuality training for the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team. Sex Disabil. 2011;29:87-100.
[25]Nicotra A, Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ. Emotional and autonomic consequences of spinal cord injury explored using functional brain imaging. Brain. 2006;129(3):718-28.
[26]North NT. The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: A review. Spinal Cord. 1999;37(10):671-9.
[27]Hough S, Kleinginna C. Individualizing relaxation training in spinal cord injury: Importance of injury level and person factors. Rehabilit Psychol. 2002;47(4):415-25.
[28]King C, Kennedy P. Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury: Preliminary results of a controlled trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999;38(1):5-14.
[29]Duchnick JJ, Letsch EA, Curtiss G. Coping effectiveness training during acute rehabilitation of spinal cord injury/dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial. Rehab Psychol. 2009;54(2):123-32.
[30]Kennedy P, Duff J, Evans M, Beedie A. Coping effectiveness training reduces depression and anxiety following traumatic spinal cord injuries. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003;42(Pt 1):41-52.
[31]Berking M, Znoj H. Development and validation of a self-report measure for the assessment of emotion-regulation skills. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychol Psychotherap. 2008;56(2):141-53. [German]
[32]Zebardast A, Besharat M, Bahrami Ahsan H. Compare the efficacy of interpersonal therapy and emotional management on weight loss in obese and overweight women. Health Psychol. 2015;4(15):49-74. [Persian]
[33]Berking M, Wupperman P, Reichardt A, Pejic T, Dippel A, Znoj H. Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46(11):1230-7.
[34]Buckelew SP, Baumstark KE, Frank RG, Hewett JE. Adjustment following spinal cord injury. Rehab Psychol. 1990;35(2):101-9.
[2]Anderson TP, Andberg MM. Psychosocial factors associated with pressure sores. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1979;60(8):341-6.
[3]Singh R, Dhankar SS, Rohilla R. Quality of life of people with spinal cord injury in Northern India. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008;31(3):247-51.
[4]Migliorini CE, Elfström ML, Tonge BJ. Translation and Australian validation of the spinal cord lesion-related coping strategies and emotional wellbeing questionnaires. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(10):690-5.
[5]Craig A, Perry KN, Guest R, Tran Y, Dezarnaulds A, Hales A, et al. Prospective study of the occurrence of psychological disorders and comorbidities after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(8):1426-34.
[6]Lee TT, Green BA. Advances in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33(2):311-5.
[7]Shroff FM, Sahota IS. Holistic health and people with spinal cord injuries: Results of a pilot study With Canadian rehabilitation health care providers. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2013;25(2):64-72.
[8]Martz E, Livneh H, Priebe M, Wuermser LA, Ottomanelli L. Predictors of psychosocial adaptation among people with spinal cord injury or disorder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(6):1182-92.
[9]Marks D. Dimensions of oppression: Theorising the embodied subject. Disabil Soc. 1999;14(5):611-26.
[10]Szekely RD, Miu AC. Incidental emotions in moral dilemmas: The influence of emotion regulation. Cogn Emot. 2015; 29(1):64-75.
[11]Hopwood CJ, Schade N, Matusiewicz A, Daughters SB, Lejuez CW. Emotion regulation promotes persistence in a residential substance abuse treatment. Subst Use Misuse.2015;50(2):251-6.
[12]Veilleux JC, Salomaa AC, Shaver JA, Zielinski MJ, Pollert GA. Multidimensional assessment of beliefs about emotion: Development and validation of the emotion and regulation beliefs scale. Assessment. 2015;22(1):86-100.
[13]Hayes SC, Wilson KG, Gifford EV, Follette VM, Strosahl K. Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(6):1152-68.
[14]Gross JJ. Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psycho. 1998;74(1):224-37.
[15]Beedie C, Terry P, Lane A. Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cogn Emot. 2005;19(6):847-78.
[16]Roseman IJ, Spindel MS, Jose PE. Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59(5):899-915.
[17]Niven K, Garcia D, van der Löwe I, Holman D, Mansell W. Becoming popular: Interpersonal emotion regulation predicts relationship formation in real life social networks. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1452-63.
[18]Underwood, M.K. Top ten pressing questions about the development of emotion regulation. Motiv Emot. 1997;21:127-46.
[19]Tsai W, Lu Q. Culture, emotion suppression and disclosure, and health. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2018;12(3):e12373.
[20]Craig A, Tran Y, Middleton J. Psychological morbidity and spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(2):108-14.
[21]Pollard C, Kennedy P. A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post‐traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: A 10‐year review. Br J Health Psychol. 2007;12(Pt 3):347-62.
[22]Kennedy P, Evans M, Sandhu N. Psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury: The contribution of coping, hope and cognitive appraisals. Psychol Health Med. 2009;14(1):17-33.
[23]Dickson A, O’Brien G, Ward R, Flowers P, Allan D, O’Carroll R. Adjustment and coping in spousal caregivers following a traumatic spinal cord injury: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol. 2012;17(2):247-57.
[24]Fronek P, Kendall M, Booth S, Eugarde E, Geraghty T. A longitudinal study of sexuality training for the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team. Sex Disabil. 2011;29:87-100.
[25]Nicotra A, Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ. Emotional and autonomic consequences of spinal cord injury explored using functional brain imaging. Brain. 2006;129(3):718-28.
[26]North NT. The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: A review. Spinal Cord. 1999;37(10):671-9.
[27]Hough S, Kleinginna C. Individualizing relaxation training in spinal cord injury: Importance of injury level and person factors. Rehabilit Psychol. 2002;47(4):415-25.
[28]King C, Kennedy P. Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury: Preliminary results of a controlled trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999;38(1):5-14.
[29]Duchnick JJ, Letsch EA, Curtiss G. Coping effectiveness training during acute rehabilitation of spinal cord injury/dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial. Rehab Psychol. 2009;54(2):123-32.
[30]Kennedy P, Duff J, Evans M, Beedie A. Coping effectiveness training reduces depression and anxiety following traumatic spinal cord injuries. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003;42(Pt 1):41-52.
[31]Berking M, Znoj H. Development and validation of a self-report measure for the assessment of emotion-regulation skills. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychol Psychotherap. 2008;56(2):141-53. [German]
[32]Zebardast A, Besharat M, Bahrami Ahsan H. Compare the efficacy of interpersonal therapy and emotional management on weight loss in obese and overweight women. Health Psychol. 2015;4(15):49-74. [Persian]
[33]Berking M, Wupperman P, Reichardt A, Pejic T, Dippel A, Znoj H. Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46(11):1230-7.
[34]Buckelew SP, Baumstark KE, Frank RG, Hewett JE. Adjustment following spinal cord injury. Rehab Psychol. 1990;35(2):101-9.