@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):1-9
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):1-9
Effectiveness of Resiliency Training on Quality of Life and Resiliency in Prisoners of War
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Isanejad O. (*1)Haydarian M. (2)
(*1) Family & Nurture Psychopathology Research Department, Humanities & Social Science Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
(2) Counseling Department, Humanities & Social Science Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No: 111, Humanities & Social Science Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanan-daj, Iran. Postal Code: 6617715175Phone: +98 (87) 33664600
Fax: -
o.isanejad@uok.ac.ir
Article History
Received: May 2, 2019Accepted: November 13, 2019
ePublished: March 17, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
One of the important psychological dimensions of prisoners of war that in most societies can be threatened and often overlooked, is their quality of life, resilience and flexibility of these people. The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on quality of life and resiliency in prisoners of war.
Materials & Methods In this semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and fallow-up session (after 2 months) in 2017, 30 prisoners of war in Divandarreh city, Kurdistan province were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control group (each group 15 people). The experimental group received resilience training for 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training. Data were gathered by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed using SPSS 18 software and multivariate analysis of covariance and one way analysis of covariance.
Findings At posttest and follow-up stages, the mean scores of resiliency and psychological, social and environmental domains of quality of life were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in physical domain scores of quality of life (p>0.05).
Conclusion Resiliency training can have a lasting and stable impact on improving the quality of life and resilience in prisoners of war.
Materials & Methods In this semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and fallow-up session (after 2 months) in 2017, 30 prisoners of war in Divandarreh city, Kurdistan province were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control group (each group 15 people). The experimental group received resilience training for 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training. Data were gathered by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed using SPSS 18 software and multivariate analysis of covariance and one way analysis of covariance.
Findings At posttest and follow-up stages, the mean scores of resiliency and psychological, social and environmental domains of quality of life were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in physical domain scores of quality of life (p>0.05).
Conclusion Resiliency training can have a lasting and stable impact on improving the quality of life and resilience in prisoners of war.
CITATION LINKS
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[30]Ashtari N, Pourebrahim T, Khodabakhshi Koolaei A, Khoshkonesh A, Khatiban M. The efficacy of group awareness training of premenstrual syndrome on psychological resilience and quality of life in female high school students. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2015;23(1):63-73. [Persian]
[31]Momeni K, Ebrahimi P, Hosseinian S. Improving mental health and quality of life through a resilient education program for mothers of children with learning disorders. Educ Cult J Women Fam. 2014;8(26):39-64. [Persian]
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[41]Resnick B, Gwyther LP, Roberto KA, editors. Resilience in aging. New York: Springer; 2011.
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[43]Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227-38.
[44]Dyess SM, Prestia AS, Smit MC. Support for caring and resiliency among successful nurse leaders. Nurs Adm Q. 2015;39(2):104-16.
[45]Seidmahmoodi J, Rahimi C, Mohammadi N. Resiliency and religious orientation factors contributing to posttraumatic growth in Iranian subjects. Iran J Psychiatry. 2011;6(4):145-50.
[46]Raoothman B, Kirsten DK, Wissing MP. Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being. South Afr J Psychol. 2003;33(4):212-8.
[47]Mikaeili N, Ganj M, Talebi Jooybari M. A comparison of resiliency, marital satisfaction and mental health in parents of children with learning disabilities and normal children. J Learn Disabil. 2012;2(1):120-37. [Persian]
[2]Jacques J. Where nothing happened: the experience of war captivity and levinas’s concept of the ‘there is’. Soc Legal Stud. 2017;26(2):230-4.
[3]Hunt SC, Orsborn M, Checkoway H, Biggs ML, McFall M, Takaro TK. Later life disability status following incarceration as a prisoner of war. Mil Med. 2008;173(7):613-8.
[4]King DW, King LA, Park CL, Lee LO, Kaiser AP, Spiro A, et al. Positive adjustment among American repatriated prisoners of the Vietnam War: Modeling the long-term effects of captivity. Clin Psychol Sci. 2015;3(6):861-76.
[5]Ursano RJ, Rundell JR. The prisoner of war. In: Jones FD, Sparacino LR, Wilcox VL, Rothberg JM, Stokes JW, editors. War psychiatry. Falls Church, Virginia: Office of the Surgeon General Army; 1995. p. 431-55.
[6]Bolonkin A. Universe, human immortality and future human evaluation. 1st Edition. Waltam, USA: Elsevier; 2011.
[7]Jenkins PE, Hoste RR, Meyer C, Blissett JM. Eating disorders and quality of life: a review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(1):113-21.
[8]Frisch MB. Quality of Life Therapy: Applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2006.
[9]Lopez SJ. The encyclopedia of positive psychology. Chichester, U.K: Wiley Black well publishing Ltd; 2009. p. 1160.
[10]Newton NJ, Ryan LH, King RT, Smith J. Cohort differences in the marriage–health relationship for midlife women. Soc Sci Med. 2014;116:64-72.
[11]Khanna D, Tsevat J. Health-related quality of life--an introduction. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13 Suppl 9:S218-23.
[12]Yaffe K, Hoang TD, Byers AL, Barnes DE, Friedl KE. Lifestyle and health-related risk factors and risk of cognitive aging among older veterans. Alzheimer's Dement.10(3 Suppl):S111-21.
[13]Litwack SD, Mitchell KS, Sloan DM, Reardon AF, Miller MW. Eating disorder symptoms and comorbid psychopathology among male and female veterans. Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2014;36(4):406-10.
[14]Serowik KL, Ablondi K, Black AC, Rosen MI. Developing a benefits counseling website for Veterans using Motivational Interviewing techniques. Comput Human Behav. 2014;37:26-30.
[15]Hoerster KD, Jakupcak M, McFall M, Unützer J, Nelson KM. Mental health and somatic symptom severity are associated with reduced physical activity among US Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Prev Med. 2012;55(5):450-2.
[16]Nejati V, Ahmadi K. Evaluation of epidemiology of chronic disease in Iranian psychiatric veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):8-12. [Persian]
[17]Greeff AP, Loubser K. Spirituality as a resiliency quality in Xhosa-speaking families in South Africa. J Relig Health. 2008;47(3):288-301.
[18]Loh JM, Schutte NS, Thorsteinsson EB. Be happy: The role of resilience between characteristic affect and symptoms of depression. J Happiness Stud. 2014;15(5):1125-38.
[19]MacLeod S, Musich S, Hawkins K, Alsgaard K, Wicker ER. The impact of resilience among older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2016;37(4):266-72.
[20]Wu G, Feder A, Cohen H, Kim JJ, Calderon S, Charney DS, et al. Understanding resilience. Front Behav Neurosci. 2013;7:10.
[21]Richardson GE. The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. J Clinic Psychol. 2002;58(3):307-22.
[22]Cohen M, Baziliansky S, Beny A. The association of resilience and age in individuals with colorectal cancer: an exploratory cross-sectional study. J Geriatr Oncol. 2014;5(1):33-9.
[23]Stewart DE, Yuen T. A systematic review of resilience in the physically ill. Psychosomatics. 2011;52(3):199-209.
[24]- Nawaz A, Malik JA, Batool A. Relationship between resilience and quality of life in diabetics. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2014;24(9):670-5.
[25]Yazdi-Ravandi S, Taslimi Z, Saberi H, Shams J, Osanlo S, Nori G, et al. The role of resilience and age on quality of life in patients with pain disorders. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2013;4(1):24-30.
[26]Mosqueiro BP, da Rocha NS, Fleck MPA. Intrinsic religiosity, resilience, quality of life, and suicide risk in depressed inpatients. J Affect Disord. 2015;179:128-33.
[27]Li MY, Yang YL, Liu L, Wang L. Effects of social support, hope and resilience on quality of life among Chinese bladder cancer patients: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):73-82.
[28]Fauci AJ, Bonciani M, Guerra R. Quality of life, vulnerability and resilience: A qualitative study of the tsunami impact on the affected population of Sri Lanka. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2012;48(2):177-88.
[29]Aidelkhani S, Heydari H. Measuring the effectiveness of resilience training on the mental health and quality of life of the handicapped veterans’ wives. J Milit Psychol. 2016;7(27):67-80. [Persian]
[30]Ashtari N, Pourebrahim T, Khodabakhshi Koolaei A, Khoshkonesh A, Khatiban M. The efficacy of group awareness training of premenstrual syndrome on psychological resilience and quality of life in female high school students. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2015;23(1):63-73. [Persian]
[31]Momeni K, Ebrahimi P, Hosseinian S. Improving mental health and quality of life through a resilient education program for mothers of children with learning disorders. Educ Cult J Women Fam. 2014;8(26):39-64. [Persian]
[32]Kaveh M, Alizadeh H, Delavar A, Borjali A. Development of a resilience Fostering program against stress and its impact on quality of life components in parents of children with mild intellectual disability. J Except Child. 2011;11(2):119-40. [Persian]
[33]Pietrzak RH, Southwick SM. Psychological resilience in OEF–OIF Veterans: Application of a novel classification approach and examination of demographic and psychosocial correlates. J Affect Disord. 2011;133(3):560-8.
[34]Green KT, Calhoun PS, Dennis MF, Beckham JC. Exploration of the resilience construct in posttraumatic stress disorder severity and functional correlates in military combat veterans who have served since September 11, 2001. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(7):823-30.
[35]Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
[36]Hagh Ranjbar F, Kakavand A, Borjali A, Bermas H. Resilience and quality of mothers with mentally retarded children. Health Psychol. 2011;1(1):177-87. [Persian]
[37]Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(2):299-310.
[38]Group W. Development of the world Health organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551-8.
[39]Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouei Naeini K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh SR. The World Health organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: translation and validation study of the Iranian version. J Sch Public Health Instit Public Health Res. 2006;4(4):1-12. [Persian]
[40]Benzies K, Mychasiuk R. Fostering family resiliency: a revirw of the key protective factors. Child Fam Soc Work. 2009;14(1):103-14.
[41]Resnick B, Gwyther LP, Roberto KA, editors. Resilience in aging. New York: Springer; 2011.
[42]Ghasem M, Hosseinchari M. Psychological resilience and Intrinsic – extrinsic motivation: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Deve Psychol: Iran Psychol. 2012;9(33):61-71. [Persian]
[43]Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227-38.
[44]Dyess SM, Prestia AS, Smit MC. Support for caring and resiliency among successful nurse leaders. Nurs Adm Q. 2015;39(2):104-16.
[45]Seidmahmoodi J, Rahimi C, Mohammadi N. Resiliency and religious orientation factors contributing to posttraumatic growth in Iranian subjects. Iran J Psychiatry. 2011;6(4):145-50.
[46]Raoothman B, Kirsten DK, Wissing MP. Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being. South Afr J Psychol. 2003;33(4):212-8.
[47]Mikaeili N, Ganj M, Talebi Jooybari M. A comparison of resiliency, marital satisfaction and mental health in parents of children with learning disabilities and normal children. J Learn Disabil. 2012;2(1):120-37. [Persian]