@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):43-51
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):43-51
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Logotherapy on Happiness of Veterans' Spouses
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Falahati M. (1)Shafiabady A. (*2)
Jajarmi M. (1)
Mohamadipoor M. (3)
(*2) Counseling Department, Education & Psychology Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Bojnord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran
(3) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Counseling Department, Education & Psychology Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Dehkade-ye Olampik, West Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran. Postal code: 1489684511Phone: -
Fax: -
ashafiabady@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: July 30, 2019Accepted: January 11, 2020
ePublished: March 17, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Happiness is one of the most important mental needs of mankind which has a major impact on personality and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and Logotherapy on happiness of veterans' spouses.
Materials & Methods In this semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design, with two case groups and one witness group, 60 people of veterans' spouses were studied in Tehran in 2017. The subjects were selected using simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned into acceptance and commitment therapy, Logotherapy and witness group (n=20 in each group). Case groups were treated in 9 sessions in 120 minutes and the witness group received no cure. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire and oxford happiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software, through one-way analysis of covariance and Tukey's post hoc test.
Findings By controlling the effects of pretest scores, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of happiness of the groups in the posttest step (F=10.827; p<0.001). The mean scores of happiness in the acceptance and commitment therapy group (p<0.001) and the Logotherapy group (p=0.008) had significant difference in comparison to the witness group. There was no significant difference between two case groups and both methods had the same effectiveness (p>0.05).
Conclusion Both acceptance and commitment therapy and Logotherapy are effective in increasing the happiness of veterans' spouses.
Materials & Methods In this semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design, with two case groups and one witness group, 60 people of veterans' spouses were studied in Tehran in 2017. The subjects were selected using simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned into acceptance and commitment therapy, Logotherapy and witness group (n=20 in each group). Case groups were treated in 9 sessions in 120 minutes and the witness group received no cure. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire and oxford happiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software, through one-way analysis of covariance and Tukey's post hoc test.
Findings By controlling the effects of pretest scores, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of happiness of the groups in the posttest step (F=10.827; p<0.001). The mean scores of happiness in the acceptance and commitment therapy group (p<0.001) and the Logotherapy group (p=0.008) had significant difference in comparison to the witness group. There was no significant difference between two case groups and both methods had the same effectiveness (p>0.05).
Conclusion Both acceptance and commitment therapy and Logotherapy are effective in increasing the happiness of veterans' spouses.
CITATION LINKS
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[24]Falahati M, Shafiabadi A, Jajromi M, Mohammadipour M. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and logotherapy on marital satisfaction of veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(3):139-45. [Persian]
[25]Honarparvaran N. The Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on forgiveness and marital adjustment among women damaged by martial infidelity. J Soc Women. 2014;5(3):135-50. [Persian]
[26]Walser RD, Garvert DW, Karlin BE, Trockel M, Ryu DM, Taylor CB. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression and suicidal ideation in veterans. Behav Res Ther. 2015;74:25-31.
[27]Ruiz FJ. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2010;10(1):125-62.
[28]Gerfami H, Shafiabadi A, Sanai Zaker B. The effectiveness of group-based logotherapy on reducing mental disorders symptoms in women with breast cancer. Andiseh Va Raftar. 2009;4(13):35-42. [Persian]
[29]Ghanbari Zarandi Z, Goudarzi M. The impact of group counseling in logo therapy method the improvement of general health of female victims of earthquake. J Women Stud. 2009;2(4):57-66. [Persian]
[30]Kang KA, Im JI, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Song MK, Sim S. The effect of logotherapy on the suffering, finding meaning, and spiritual well-being of adolescents with terminal cancer. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2009;15(2):136-44.
[31]Jaarsma TA, Pool G, Ranchor AV, Sanderman R. The concept and measurement of meaning in life in Dutch cancer patient. Psychooncology. 2007;16(3):241-8.
[32]Han B, Haley WE. Family caregiving for patients with stroke: Review and analysis. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1478-85.
[33]Cristofolini L, Testoni M. The importance of sample size and statistical power in experimental research: a comparative study. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2000;2(1):3-16.
[34]Argyle M, Martin M, Crossland J. Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In: Forgas JP, Innes JM, editors. Recent advances in social psychology: an international perspective. New York: North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989. p. 189-247.
[35]Gong M. Does status in consistency matter for marital quality? J Fam Issues. 2007;28(12):1582-610.
[36]Alipour A, Noorbala A. A preliminary evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Oxford happiness questionnaire in students in the universities of Tehran. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1999;5(1 and 2):55-66. [Persian]
[37]Alipour A, Agah Heris M. Reliability and validity of the Oxford happiness inventory among Iranians. J Dev Psychol. 2007;3(12):287-98. [Persian]
[38]Khoshakhlagh H, Narimani A. Effectiveness of solution-focused brief couple therapy on happiness and marital conflict in veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(1):7-13. [Persian]
[39]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639-65.
[40]Frankle VE. Man’s search for meaning: an introduction to logotheraphy. NewYork: Pocket Books; 1963.
[41]Azizi A, Ghasemi S. Comparison the effectiveness of solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and quality of life in divorced women. Cult Couns Psycother. 2017;8(29):207-36. [Persian]
[42]Masuda A, Hayes SC, Sackett CF, Twohig MP. Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(4):477-85.
[43]Bernier M, Thienot E, Codron R, Fournier JF. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. J Clin Sports Psychol. 2009;4(4):320-33.
[44]Moghtadayi M, Khoshakhlagh H. Effectiveness of acceptance- and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility of veterans’ spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(4):183-8. [Persian]
[45]Wong PTP. Meaning of life and meaning of death in successful aging. In: Tomer A, editor. Death attitudes and the older adult. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel Publishers; 2000. p. 23-35.
[46]Marco JH, Garcia-Alandete J, Pérez S, Guillen V, Jorquera M, Espallargas P, Botella C. Meaning in life and non-suicidal self-injury: A follow-up study with participants with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2015;15:230(2):561-6.
[47]Steger MF, Fitch-Martin AR, Donnelly J, Rickard KM. Meaning in Life and Health: Proactive health orientation links meaning in life to health variables among American undergraduates. J Happiness Stud. 2015;16:583-97.
[48]Jim HS, Richardson SA, Golden-Kreutz DM, Andersen BL. Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors. J Health Psychol. 2006;25(6):753-61.
[2]Saleh S, Zahedi Asl M. Correlation of social support with social health of psychiatry veterans wives. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(5):201-6. [Persian]
[3]Saban KL, Mathews HL, Janusek LW. The relationship among depression and caregiver burden with salivary cortisol awakening level in female caregivers of stroke survivors. Brain Behav Immun. 2010;24(Suppl 1):S21.
[4]Renshaw KD, Rodebaugh TL, Rodrigues CS. Psychological and marital distress in spouses of Vietnam veterans: Importance of spouses' perceptions. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(7):743-50.
[5]Manteghi A. Level of expressed emotion, depression and caregiver burden in wives of veterans admitted in psychiatric ward and their relationship with readmissions. J Fundam Ment Health. 2010;12(45):410-9. [Persian]
[6]Khaghanizadeh M, Sirati M. Influence of individual, familial and socioeconomic factors on severity of psychiatric symptoms in veterans with mental disorders. J Mil Med. 2004;6(1):33-7. [Persian]
[7]Najafi M, Mohammadifar MA, Dabiri S, Erfani N, Kamari AA. The comparison of the quality of life of the war veterans families with/without post traumatic stress disorder. Iran J War Public Health. 2011;3(3):27-35. [Persian]
[8]Hojjat SK, Talebi M, Zamirinejad S, Shakeri M. The effectiveness of training coping styles on combat veterans with PTSD’s wives. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2012;4(2):185-90. [Persian]
[9]Khoshakhlagh H, Narimani A. Effectiveness of solution-focused brief couple therapy on happiness and marital conflict in veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(1):7-13. [Persian]
[10]D’raven LL, Pasha-Zaidi N. Happiness strategies among Arab university students in the United Arab Emirates. J Happiness Well-Being. 2014;2(1),131-44.
[11]Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, Smith HL. Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychol Bull. 1999;125(2):276-302.
[12]Luhmann M, Necka EA, Schönbrodt FD, Hawkley LC. Is valuing happiness associated with lower well-being? A factor-level analysis using the Valuing Happiness Scale. J Res Pers. 2016;60:46-50.
[13]Nazari A, Goli M. The effects of solution- focused psychotherapy on the marital satisfaction of dual career couples. J Knowledge Health. 2008;2(4):36-40. [Persian]
[14]Hayes SC. Climbing our hills: a beginning conversation on the comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Clin Psychol. 2008;15(4):286-95.
[15]Roditi D, Robinson ME. The role of psychological interventions in the management of patients with chronic pain. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2011;4:41-9.
[16]Hayes SC, Levin ME, Plumb-Vilardaga J, Villatte JL, Pistorello J. Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behav Ther. 2013; 44(2):180-98.
[17]Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):1-25.
[18]Hayes-Skelton SA, Orsillo SM, Roemer L. An acceptance-based behavioral therapy for individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Cogn Behav Pract. 2013;20(3):264-81.
[19]Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Bunting K, Twohig M, Wilson KG. What is acceptance and commitment therapy? In: Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, editors. A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Springer; 2004. p. 3-29.
[20]Smit TB, Bartz J, Richards PS. Outcomes of religious and spiritual adaptations to psychotherapy: a metaanalytic review. Psychother Res, 2007;17(6):64355.
[21]Corey G. Theory and practice in group counseling. 4th Edition. Bostson: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company; 1995.
[22]Kim TH, Lee SM, Yu K, Lee S, Puig A. Hope and the meaning of life as influences on Korean adolescents’ resilience: Implications for counselors. Asia Pacific Educ Rev. 2005;6(2);143-52.
[23]Barnes RC. Victor Frankl's logotherapy: spirituality and meaning in the new millennium. TCA J. 2000;28(1):24-31.
[24]Falahati M, Shafiabadi A, Jajromi M, Mohammadipour M. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and logotherapy on marital satisfaction of veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(3):139-45. [Persian]
[25]Honarparvaran N. The Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on forgiveness and marital adjustment among women damaged by martial infidelity. J Soc Women. 2014;5(3):135-50. [Persian]
[26]Walser RD, Garvert DW, Karlin BE, Trockel M, Ryu DM, Taylor CB. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression and suicidal ideation in veterans. Behav Res Ther. 2015;74:25-31.
[27]Ruiz FJ. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2010;10(1):125-62.
[28]Gerfami H, Shafiabadi A, Sanai Zaker B. The effectiveness of group-based logotherapy on reducing mental disorders symptoms in women with breast cancer. Andiseh Va Raftar. 2009;4(13):35-42. [Persian]
[29]Ghanbari Zarandi Z, Goudarzi M. The impact of group counseling in logo therapy method the improvement of general health of female victims of earthquake. J Women Stud. 2009;2(4):57-66. [Persian]
[30]Kang KA, Im JI, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Song MK, Sim S. The effect of logotherapy on the suffering, finding meaning, and spiritual well-being of adolescents with terminal cancer. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2009;15(2):136-44.
[31]Jaarsma TA, Pool G, Ranchor AV, Sanderman R. The concept and measurement of meaning in life in Dutch cancer patient. Psychooncology. 2007;16(3):241-8.
[32]Han B, Haley WE. Family caregiving for patients with stroke: Review and analysis. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1478-85.
[33]Cristofolini L, Testoni M. The importance of sample size and statistical power in experimental research: a comparative study. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2000;2(1):3-16.
[34]Argyle M, Martin M, Crossland J. Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In: Forgas JP, Innes JM, editors. Recent advances in social psychology: an international perspective. New York: North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989. p. 189-247.
[35]Gong M. Does status in consistency matter for marital quality? J Fam Issues. 2007;28(12):1582-610.
[36]Alipour A, Noorbala A. A preliminary evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Oxford happiness questionnaire in students in the universities of Tehran. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1999;5(1 and 2):55-66. [Persian]
[37]Alipour A, Agah Heris M. Reliability and validity of the Oxford happiness inventory among Iranians. J Dev Psychol. 2007;3(12):287-98. [Persian]
[38]Khoshakhlagh H, Narimani A. Effectiveness of solution-focused brief couple therapy on happiness and marital conflict in veterans' spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(1):7-13. [Persian]
[39]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639-65.
[40]Frankle VE. Man’s search for meaning: an introduction to logotheraphy. NewYork: Pocket Books; 1963.
[41]Azizi A, Ghasemi S. Comparison the effectiveness of solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and quality of life in divorced women. Cult Couns Psycother. 2017;8(29):207-36. [Persian]
[42]Masuda A, Hayes SC, Sackett CF, Twohig MP. Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(4):477-85.
[43]Bernier M, Thienot E, Codron R, Fournier JF. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. J Clin Sports Psychol. 2009;4(4):320-33.
[44]Moghtadayi M, Khoshakhlagh H. Effectiveness of acceptance- and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility of veterans’ spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(4):183-8. [Persian]
[45]Wong PTP. Meaning of life and meaning of death in successful aging. In: Tomer A, editor. Death attitudes and the older adult. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel Publishers; 2000. p. 23-35.
[46]Marco JH, Garcia-Alandete J, Pérez S, Guillen V, Jorquera M, Espallargas P, Botella C. Meaning in life and non-suicidal self-injury: A follow-up study with participants with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2015;15:230(2):561-6.
[47]Steger MF, Fitch-Martin AR, Donnelly J, Rickard KM. Meaning in Life and Health: Proactive health orientation links meaning in life to health variables among American undergraduates. J Happiness Stud. 2015;16:583-97.
[48]Jim HS, Richardson SA, Golden-Kreutz DM, Andersen BL. Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors. J Health Psychol. 2006;25(6):753-61.