@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(2):129-133
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(2):129-133
Effect of 8 Weeks of Continuous Moderate Intensity Aerobic Training on Iron Status in Club-Level Football Players
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Alikarami H. (1)Nikbakht M. (*)
Valipour Dehnou V. (2)
Ghalavand A. (3)
(*) Exercise Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
(1) Exercise Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
(2) Sport Sciences Department, Literature & Human Sciences Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
(3) Physical Education Department, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Physical Education Faculty, Golestan Boulevard, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, IranPhone: +98 (61) 13330010
Fax: +98 (61) 13330010
nikbakht@ut.ac.ir
Article History
Received: May 15, 2016Accepted: December 13, 2016
ePublished: March 25, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
As one of the body elements, Iron plays a role in oxygen transport. And, the need for daily Iron increases by the exercises. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-intensity aerobic continuous exercises on the serum Iron status in club soccer-players.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 24 soccer-players of Khorramabad Super Clubs were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via convenience method and were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=12 persons) and control (n=12 persons) groups. 8-week continuous aerobic exercises with 70-80% of maximum heart rate were conducted in experimental group, while no exercise session was conducted in control group. Serum Iron, red blood-cell number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were measured before and after the exercise course. Data was analyzed using dependent T test.
Findings After 8-week exercises and in experimental group, Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels significantly decreased compared to the pretest stage (p<0.05). Nevertheless, the total Iron-binding capacity, red blood-cell number, and hemoglobin did not significantly change (p<0.05).
Conclusion 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercises reduce Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in the club soccer-players.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 24 soccer-players of Khorramabad Super Clubs were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via convenience method and were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=12 persons) and control (n=12 persons) groups. 8-week continuous aerobic exercises with 70-80% of maximum heart rate were conducted in experimental group, while no exercise session was conducted in control group. Serum Iron, red blood-cell number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were measured before and after the exercise course. Data was analyzed using dependent T test.
Findings After 8-week exercises and in experimental group, Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels significantly decreased compared to the pretest stage (p<0.05). Nevertheless, the total Iron-binding capacity, red blood-cell number, and hemoglobin did not significantly change (p<0.05).
Conclusion 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercises reduce Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in the club soccer-players.
CITATION LINKS
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[10]Dellavalle DM, Haas JD. Iron status is associated with endurance performance and training in female rowers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(8):1552-9.
[11]Hinton PS, Giordano C, Brownlie T, Haas JD. Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88:1103-11.
[12]Woolf K, St Thomas MM, Hahn N, Vaughan LA, Carlson AG, Hinton P. Iron status in highly active and sedentary young women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(5):519-35.
[13]Schumacher Y, Schmid A, König D, Berg A. Effects of exercise on soluble transferrin receptor and other variables of the iron status. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(3):195-9.
[14]Nuviala RJ, Castillo MC, Lapienza MG, Escanero JF. Iron nutritional status in female karatekas, handball and basketball players, and runners. Physiol Behav. 1996;59(3):449-53.
[15]Mostahfeziyan M. Effect of specific aerobic training on serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity in nonathlete students. Res Sport Scie. 2003;1(3):55-64. [Persian]
[16]Ramezanpour MR, Kazemi M. Effects of aerobic training along with iron supplementation on the hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin and iron in young girls. Koomesh. 2012;13(2):233-9. [Persian]
[17]Mousavizadeh M, Ebrahimi K, Nikbakht H. Effect of one period of selective aerobic training on hematological indexes of girls. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2009;6(3):227-31. [Persian]
[18]Hallberg L, Hulthén L. High serum ferritin is not identical to high iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(6):1225-6.
[19]Selby GB, Eichner ER. Hematocrit and performance: the effect of endurance training on blood volume. Semin Hematol. 1994;31(2):122-7.
[20]Afsari Kalashemi A, Shemshaki A, Hedayati M. The effect of one event of submaximal exercise on plasma hepcidin concentrations in male runners. Pathobiol Res. 2014;17(1):79-90. [Persian]
[21]Aghaalinejad H, Ebrahimpour Z, Sedaghati P, Meshkati F. The effect of concentric and eccentric training on serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and TIBC in trained females. J Phys Educ Sport Sci. 2009;2(4):29-36. [Persian]
[22]Magazanik A, Weinstein Y, Dlin RA, Derin M, Schwartzman S, Allalouf D. Iron deficiency caused by 7 weeks of intensive physical exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;57(2):198-202.
[23]Wilkinson J, Martin D, Adams A, Liebman M. Iron status in cyclists during high-intensity interval training and recovery. Int J Sports Med. 2002;23(8):544-8.
[24]Bourque SP, Pate RR, Branch JD. Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(10):1116-21.
[25]Mougios V. Exercise biochemistry. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2006.
[2]Alaunyte I, Stojceska V, Plunkett A. Iron and the female athlete: a review of dietary treatment methods for improving iron status and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:38.
[3]Buchman A, O'Brien W, Ou C, Rognerud C, Alvarez M, Dennis K, et al. The effect of arginine or glycine supplementation on gastrointestinal function, muscle injury, serum amino acid concentrations and performance during a marathon run. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20(5):315-21.
[4]Porcari JP, Bryant CX, Comana F. Exercise physiology. 1st edition. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2015.
[5]Boveris A, Navarro A. Systemic and mitochondrial adaptive responses to moderate exercise in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44(2):224-9.
[6]Clark SF. Iron deficiency anemia. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23(2):128-41.
[7]Samavati Sharif MA, Ravasi AA, Minaee B, Javadi E, Kordi MR. The effect of endurance training and iron supplement on anemic indexes and cytochrome c oxidase in lower limb muscles of rats. Sport Biosci. 2011;2(7):19-40. [Persian]
[8]Mettler S, Zimmermann M. Iron excess in recreational marathon runners. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):490-4.
[9]Walter PB, Knutson MD, Paler-Martinez A, Lee S, Xu Y, Viteri FE, et al. Iron deficiency and iron excess damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(4):2264-9.
[10]Dellavalle DM, Haas JD. Iron status is associated with endurance performance and training in female rowers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(8):1552-9.
[11]Hinton PS, Giordano C, Brownlie T, Haas JD. Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88:1103-11.
[12]Woolf K, St Thomas MM, Hahn N, Vaughan LA, Carlson AG, Hinton P. Iron status in highly active and sedentary young women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(5):519-35.
[13]Schumacher Y, Schmid A, König D, Berg A. Effects of exercise on soluble transferrin receptor and other variables of the iron status. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(3):195-9.
[14]Nuviala RJ, Castillo MC, Lapienza MG, Escanero JF. Iron nutritional status in female karatekas, handball and basketball players, and runners. Physiol Behav. 1996;59(3):449-53.
[15]Mostahfeziyan M. Effect of specific aerobic training on serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity in nonathlete students. Res Sport Scie. 2003;1(3):55-64. [Persian]
[16]Ramezanpour MR, Kazemi M. Effects of aerobic training along with iron supplementation on the hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin and iron in young girls. Koomesh. 2012;13(2):233-9. [Persian]
[17]Mousavizadeh M, Ebrahimi K, Nikbakht H. Effect of one period of selective aerobic training on hematological indexes of girls. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2009;6(3):227-31. [Persian]
[18]Hallberg L, Hulthén L. High serum ferritin is not identical to high iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(6):1225-6.
[19]Selby GB, Eichner ER. Hematocrit and performance: the effect of endurance training on blood volume. Semin Hematol. 1994;31(2):122-7.
[20]Afsari Kalashemi A, Shemshaki A, Hedayati M. The effect of one event of submaximal exercise on plasma hepcidin concentrations in male runners. Pathobiol Res. 2014;17(1):79-90. [Persian]
[21]Aghaalinejad H, Ebrahimpour Z, Sedaghati P, Meshkati F. The effect of concentric and eccentric training on serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and TIBC in trained females. J Phys Educ Sport Sci. 2009;2(4):29-36. [Persian]
[22]Magazanik A, Weinstein Y, Dlin RA, Derin M, Schwartzman S, Allalouf D. Iron deficiency caused by 7 weeks of intensive physical exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;57(2):198-202.
[23]Wilkinson J, Martin D, Adams A, Liebman M. Iron status in cyclists during high-intensity interval training and recovery. Int J Sports Med. 2002;23(8):544-8.
[24]Bourque SP, Pate RR, Branch JD. Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(10):1116-21.
[25]Mougios V. Exercise biochemistry. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2006.