@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(1):57-66
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(1):57-66
Wives Experiences in Empowering Chemical Injuries; a Phenomenological Study
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Qualitative StudyAuthors
Abedi H.A. (1)Naseri F. (2)
Alimohammadi N. (*)
Salehi Sh. (1)
(*) “Nursing & Midwifery Care Research Center” and “Critical Nursing Department", Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
(1) Nursing Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
(2) Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Khorasgan Branch,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Critical Nursing, Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Hezarjerib Street, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhone: +983136699398
Fax: +983136699398
alimohammadi@nm.mui.ac.ir
Article History
Received: December 21, 2015Accepted: February 27, 2016
ePublished: April 3, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
As one of the major bases to improve the society health, the empowerment improves self-care behaviors and health in the client. Since the spouses of the veterans are the first care and support resource for their wives, they can play an important role to empower their wives. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of the spouses of the chemically injured veterans in their spouses’ empowerment.
Participants & Methods In the qualitative study done by the descriptive phenomenological method, 11 spouses of the chemically injured veterans enrolled by Isfahan Martyrs and Veterans Foundation, who were living with their spouses, were studied in 2012. The subjects were selected via purposeful sampling method. Data, collected through semi-structured and deep interview, were analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step method.
Findings From 217 primary codes gathered by the interviews, 16 conceptual sub-structures were obtained. The sub-structures were planning, relaxation, self-belief, support, role exchange, role play, cooperation, empathy, avoiding hopelessness, worthiness, sacrifice, beliefs and values, knowing the disease, social attitude, adaptation with the circumstances, and reconciliation with life. The sub-structures were classified under two major titles as “action for empowerment” and “personal capabilities of the spouses”.
Conclusion After years of mutual living with a chemically injured veteran, the experiences of the spouse include two major concepts as “action for empowerment” and “personal capabilities of the spouses”. It shows that the spouses, besides different roles such as a spouse, a nurse, and a medication help, experience different problems and experimentally done effective works to empower their own spouses.
Participants & Methods In the qualitative study done by the descriptive phenomenological method, 11 spouses of the chemically injured veterans enrolled by Isfahan Martyrs and Veterans Foundation, who were living with their spouses, were studied in 2012. The subjects were selected via purposeful sampling method. Data, collected through semi-structured and deep interview, were analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step method.
Findings From 217 primary codes gathered by the interviews, 16 conceptual sub-structures were obtained. The sub-structures were planning, relaxation, self-belief, support, role exchange, role play, cooperation, empathy, avoiding hopelessness, worthiness, sacrifice, beliefs and values, knowing the disease, social attitude, adaptation with the circumstances, and reconciliation with life. The sub-structures were classified under two major titles as “action for empowerment” and “personal capabilities of the spouses”.
Conclusion After years of mutual living with a chemically injured veteran, the experiences of the spouse include two major concepts as “action for empowerment” and “personal capabilities of the spouses”. It shows that the spouses, besides different roles such as a spouse, a nurse, and a medication help, experience different problems and experimentally done effective works to empower their own spouses.
CITATION LINKS
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[20]Bulsara C, Ward A, Joske D. Hematological cancer patients: achieving a sense of empowerment by use of strategies to control illness. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(2):251-8.
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[24]Clinic CL, Kleinke CL. Cope with the challenges of living. Narimani M, Valizadeh right I, translators. Mashhad: Company Bhnshr; 2004. pp. 12-20.
[25]Botlani S, Shahsiah M, Padash Z, Ahmadi A, Bahrami F. The effect of attachment-based couple therapy on couples' attachment style, sexual intimacy and sexual satisfaction. Interdiscip J Contemp Res Bus. 2012;3(12):375-90.
[26]Zare N, Daneshpajooh F, Amini M, Razeghi M, Fallahzadeh MH. The relationship between self-esteem, general health and academic achievement in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Med Educ. 2007;7(1):59-66. [Persian]
[27]Mohammadi Shah Blakhi F, Dabbaghi F, Nikravesh M. Facilitator and barriers factors in family caregiving process of Iranian frail elderly: Qualitative study. Iran J Nurs. 2008;21(55):55-65. [Persian]
[28]Akbarbegloo M, Habibpour Z. Investigating the relationship between mental health and using coping strategies in parents of thalassemia and hemophilia children. J Nurs Midwifery Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2010;8(4):191-6.
[29]Solanes I, Guell R, Casan P, Sotomayor C, Gonzalez A, Feixas T, et al. Duration of pulmonary rehabilitation to achieve a plateau in quality of life and walk test in COPD. Respir Med. 2009;103(5):722-8.
[30]Walker PP, Burnett A, Flavahan PW, Calverley PM. Lower limb activity and its determinants in COPD. Thorax. 2008;63:683-9.
[2]Hassankhani H, Taleghani F, Mills J, Birks M, Francis K, Ahmadi F. The challenges experienced by Iranian war veterans living with chemical warefare poisoning: A descriptive, exploratory study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2010;24(2):290-8.
[3]Ebadi A, Moradian T, Mollahadi M, Saeed Y, Refahi AA. Quality of life in Iranian chemical warfare veteran's. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(5):e5323.
[4]Figley CR. Burnout in families: The systematic cost of caring. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1997.
[5]Edwards CR, Thompson AR. An 'overwhelming illness': Women's experiences of learning to live with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Health Psychol. 2007;12(2):203-14.
[6]Anderson RM, Funnell MM. Patient empowerment: Myths and misconceptions. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;79(3):277-82.
[7]Vanaki Z, Parsa Yekta Z, Kazemnejad A, Heydarnia A. Interpretation of Support for Cancer Patients under Chemotherapy: A Qualitative Research. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2003;9(1):53-61. [Persian]
[8]Won CW, Fitts SS, Favaro S, Olsen P, Phelan EA. Community-based "powerful tools" intervention enhances health of caregivers. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008;46(1):89-100.
[9]Militaru LN. The principle of empowerment in the European Union. Jurid Trib. 2011;1(2):42-50.
[10]Hernandez-Tejada MA, Campbell JA, Walker RJ, Smalls BL, Davis KS, Egede LE. Diabetes empowerment, medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(7):631-4.
[11]Stanhope M, Lancaster J. community/public health nursing online for stanhope and lancaster, public health nursing (access code). 8th edition. St Louis: Mosby Publication; 2012. pp. 506-22.
[12]Heydari S, Salahshourian fard A, Rafiei F, Hoseini F. correlation of perceived social support from different supportive sources and the size of social network with quality of life in cancer patients. Iran J Nurs. 2009;22(6):8-18. [Persian]
[13]Helgeson VS, Cohen S. Social support and adjustment to cancer: Reconciling descriptive, correlational, and intervention research. Health Psychol. 1996;15(2):135-48.
[14]Abedi HA. Applying phenomenological method of research in clinical sciences. Rahbord. 2010;19(54):207-24. [Persian]
[15]Polit DF, BecK CT. Essential of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. 8th edition. Landon: LWW; 2010. p. 610.
[16]Shosha Gh.A. Employment of Colizzies strategy in descriptive phenomology: A reflection of a researcher. Eur Sci J. 2012;8(27):31-43.
[17]Holloway I. A-Z of qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. 2nd edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. p. 255.
[18]Ahmadi K, Nejati V. Evaluation of quality of life in psychiatric veterans of Isfahan. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):13-7. [Persian]
[19]Trief PM, Himes CL, Orendorff F, Weinstock RS. The marital relationship and psychosocial adaptation and glycemic control of individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(8):1384-89.
[20]Bulsara C, Ward A, Joske D. Hematological cancer patients: achieving a sense of empowerment by use of strategies to control illness. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(2):251-8.
[21]Jafari F, Moien L, Soroush M, Mosavi B. Quality of life in chemical warfare victims with ophthalmic damage's spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2011;3(3):8-12. [Persian]
[22]Hinkle JL. Cheever KH. Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. 13th edition. Landon: LWW; 2013. pp. 618-50.
[23]Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SA, Mehri A, Morowatisharifabad M. The relationship of health behavior with self-esteem and self-efficacy in students of Yazd Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences (2005). J Med Educ Dev Center. 2006;3(2):111-7. [Persian]
[24]Clinic CL, Kleinke CL. Cope with the challenges of living. Narimani M, Valizadeh right I, translators. Mashhad: Company Bhnshr; 2004. pp. 12-20.
[25]Botlani S, Shahsiah M, Padash Z, Ahmadi A, Bahrami F. The effect of attachment-based couple therapy on couples' attachment style, sexual intimacy and sexual satisfaction. Interdiscip J Contemp Res Bus. 2012;3(12):375-90.
[26]Zare N, Daneshpajooh F, Amini M, Razeghi M, Fallahzadeh MH. The relationship between self-esteem, general health and academic achievement in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Med Educ. 2007;7(1):59-66. [Persian]
[27]Mohammadi Shah Blakhi F, Dabbaghi F, Nikravesh M. Facilitator and barriers factors in family caregiving process of Iranian frail elderly: Qualitative study. Iran J Nurs. 2008;21(55):55-65. [Persian]
[28]Akbarbegloo M, Habibpour Z. Investigating the relationship between mental health and using coping strategies in parents of thalassemia and hemophilia children. J Nurs Midwifery Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2010;8(4):191-6.
[29]Solanes I, Guell R, Casan P, Sotomayor C, Gonzalez A, Feixas T, et al. Duration of pulmonary rehabilitation to achieve a plateau in quality of life and walk test in COPD. Respir Med. 2009;103(5):722-8.
[30]Walker PP, Burnett A, Flavahan PW, Calverley PM. Lower limb activity and its determinants in COPD. Thorax. 2008;63:683-9.