@2025 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(3):141-148
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(3):141-148
Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression, Anger and Emotion Regulation of Veterans’ Spouses
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Mehri Nejad S.A. (*)Ramezan Saatchi L. (1)
(*) Psychology Department, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Clinical Psychology Department, Psychology and Educational Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Factually of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran Province, Vanak Village Street, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 85692294
Fax: +98 (21) 85692294
ab_mehrinejad@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: May 5, 2016Accepted: August 10, 2016
ePublished: August 31, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Having spent many years in mutual life with the vetrans with physical and mental disorders, the spouses of the veterans are facing with mental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to help the spouses, to improve their mental situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the veterans’ spouses with depression, anger, and emotion regulation difficulties.
Materials & Methods In the controlled pretest-posttest semi-experimental study, 60 veterans’ spouses were studied in Tehran in 2014. The subjects, selected via purposful sampling, were randomly divded into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Data was collected using Spielberger Anger Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). 10-session mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was done in experimental group. The inventories were completed by the groups in both pretest and posttest stages. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using multivariable covariance analysis.
Findings The mean scores of the overall index of anger expression, depression, and the overall index of the difficulties in emotion regulation in the experimental group were significantly reduced at the posttest stage with the inhibition of the pretest effects, than control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion As a short-term therapy, the mindefulness-based cognitive therapy can simultaneously reduce depression, anger, and the difficulties in emotion regulation in the spouses of the veterans.
Materials & Methods In the controlled pretest-posttest semi-experimental study, 60 veterans’ spouses were studied in Tehran in 2014. The subjects, selected via purposful sampling, were randomly divded into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Data was collected using Spielberger Anger Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). 10-session mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was done in experimental group. The inventories were completed by the groups in both pretest and posttest stages. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using multivariable covariance analysis.
Findings The mean scores of the overall index of anger expression, depression, and the overall index of the difficulties in emotion regulation in the experimental group were significantly reduced at the posttest stage with the inhibition of the pretest effects, than control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion As a short-term therapy, the mindefulness-based cognitive therapy can simultaneously reduce depression, anger, and the difficulties in emotion regulation in the spouses of the veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[22]Kiani A, Ghasenmi N, Pourabbas A. The comparsion of the efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. J Res Addict. 2013;6(24):27-36. [Persian]
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[26]Findler L, Klein Jacoby A, Gabis L. Subjective happiness among mothers of children with disabilities: The role of stress, attachment, guilt and social support. Res Dev Disabi. 2016;55:44-54.
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[30]Besharat MA, Shahidi S. Perfec tionism, anger, and anger rumination. Int J Psychol. 2010;45(6):427-34.
[31]Alavi K, Modares M, Amini A, Salehi J. Effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy (based on core mindfulness distress tolerance and emotion regulation component) on depressive symptoms of depression in university students. Q J Fundam Ment Health. 2013;13(2):124-35. [Persian]
[32]Rajabi GH, Sotodeh Navrodi SO. A study of impact of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy on depression reduction and increase of marital satisfaction in married women. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2012;20(80):83-91. [Persian]
[33]Williams JG, Russell I, Russell D. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Further issues in current evidence and future research. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):524-9.
[34]Kenny MA, Williams JM. Treatment-resistantdepressed patients show a good response tomindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(3):617-25.
[35]Enright RD, Kittle BA. Forgiveness in psychology and law: The meeting of moral development and restorative justice. Fordham Urban Law J. 1999;27(5):1621-31.
[36]Lin W F, Mack D, Enright RD, Krahn D, Baskin TW. Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood, and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance-dependent clients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(6):1114-21.
[37]Alipour A, Farzad V, Sharifi SH. Effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing of aggression and increasing self -esteem in women with breast cancer. Asian J Med Pharm. 2014;4(2):111-5.
[38]Rahimi Ahmad Abadi S, Aghamohammadian H, Modares M, Hossein Karashki H. Survey the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anger reduction in brain injured patients. Sci J Forensic Med. 2014;20(2):37-45. [Persian]
[39]Hayes SC, Pistorello J, Levin ME. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a unified model of behavior change. Couns Psychol. 2012;40(7):976-1002.
[40]Paterniti A. A pilot study comparing the efficacy of a mindfulness-based program to a skills-training program in the treatment of test anxiety. New York: Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center; 2007.
[41]Farb NA, Segal ZV, Mayberg H, Bean J, McKeon D, Fatima Z, et al. Attention to the present: Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007;2(4):313-22.
[2]Hatemi H, Razavi M, Eftkhar Ardbili H, Majlesi F. Textbook of public health, Volume 2. 2nd edition. Tehran: Arjomand; 2009. p. 56.
[3]Mosavi B, Mirsalimi F, Sorosh MR, Mahdavi M, Montazeri A. Quality of life in veterans with amputation of both lower extremities. Payesh. 2009;8(3):303-10. [Persian]
[4]Hopfinger L, Berking M, Bockting CL, Ebert DD. Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression. J Affect Disord. 2016;198:189-197.
[5]Bahreynian A, Borhani H. Mental health in a group of war veterans and their spouses in Qom. Paouhesh dar Dezeshki. 2004;27(4):305-12. [Persian]
[6]Novaco RW, Chemtob CM. Anger and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2002;15(2):123-32.
[7]Controlling anger before it controls you [Internet]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association [Published 2004; Cited 2015, 18 October]. Available from: http://www.apa.org/topics/anger/control.aspx
[8]Feldman Barrett L, Gross J, Christensen TC, Benvenuto M. Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotionregulation. Cogn Emote. 2001;15(6):713-24.
[9]Garlanda EL, Roberts-Lewisb A, Tronnierc CD, Gravesd R, Kelley K. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial. Behav Res Ther. 2016;77:7-16.
[10]Bajaja B, Robinsb RW, Pandec N. Mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Pers Individ Dif. 2016;96:127-31.
[11]Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. 2nd edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
[12]Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a Clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):125-40.
[13]Armstrong L, Rimes KA. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for neuroticism (stress vulnerability): A pilot randomized study. Behav Ther. 2016;47(3):287-98.
[14]Emanuel AS, Updegraff JA, Kalmbach AD, Ciesla JA. The role of mindfulness facets in affective forecasting. Pers Individ Dif. 2010;49(7):815-18.
[15]Bohlmeijer E, Prenger R, Taal E, Cuijpers P. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(6):539-44.
[16]Kieviet-Stijnen A, Visser A, Garssen B, Hudig W. Mindfulness-based stress reduction training for oncology patients: patients'appraisal and changes in well-being. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;72(3):436-42.
[17]Carmody J, Bear RA. Relationship between mindfulness practice and level of mindfulness,medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008;31(1):23-33.
[18]Shapiro SL, Carlson LE, Astin JA, Freedman B. Mechanism of mindfulness. J Clin Psychol. 2016;62(3):373-86.
[19]Neufeind J, Dritschel B, Astell AJ, MacLeod MD. The effects of thought suppression on autobiographical memory recall. Behav Res Ther. 2009;47(4):275-84.
[20]Kazemeini T, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi B, Safarzadeh A. Mindfulness based cognitive group therapy vs cognitive behavioral group therapy as a treatment for driving anger and aggression in Iranian taxi drivers. Sci Res. 2013;4(8):638-44.
[21]Godfrin KA, van Heeringen C. The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy onrecurrence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlledstudy. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(8):738-46.
[22]Kiani A, Ghasenmi N, Pourabbas A. The comparsion of the efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. J Res Addict. 2013;6(24):27-36. [Persian]
[23]Gratz KL, Gunderson JG. Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotionregulation groupintervention for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Behav Ther. 2006;37(1):25-35.
[24]Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;84(4):822-48.
[25]Shorta M, Mazmaniana D, Oinonena K, Mushquash C. Executive function and self-regulation mediate dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2016;93:97-103.
[26]Findler L, Klein Jacoby A, Gabis L. Subjective happiness among mothers of children with disabilities: The role of stress, attachment, guilt and social support. Res Dev Disabi. 2016;55:44-54.
[27]Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living (revised edition): Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Random House Publishing Group; 2013.
[28]Spielbeger C, Reheiser E, Sydeman S. Measuring the experience expression, and control of anger. Issue Compr Pediatr Nurs. 1995;18(3):207-32.
[29]Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77-100.
[30]Besharat MA, Shahidi S. Perfec tionism, anger, and anger rumination. Int J Psychol. 2010;45(6):427-34.
[31]Alavi K, Modares M, Amini A, Salehi J. Effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy (based on core mindfulness distress tolerance and emotion regulation component) on depressive symptoms of depression in university students. Q J Fundam Ment Health. 2013;13(2):124-35. [Persian]
[32]Rajabi GH, Sotodeh Navrodi SO. A study of impact of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy on depression reduction and increase of marital satisfaction in married women. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2012;20(80):83-91. [Persian]
[33]Williams JG, Russell I, Russell D. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Further issues in current evidence and future research. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):524-9.
[34]Kenny MA, Williams JM. Treatment-resistantdepressed patients show a good response tomindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(3):617-25.
[35]Enright RD, Kittle BA. Forgiveness in psychology and law: The meeting of moral development and restorative justice. Fordham Urban Law J. 1999;27(5):1621-31.
[36]Lin W F, Mack D, Enright RD, Krahn D, Baskin TW. Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood, and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance-dependent clients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(6):1114-21.
[37]Alipour A, Farzad V, Sharifi SH. Effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing of aggression and increasing self -esteem in women with breast cancer. Asian J Med Pharm. 2014;4(2):111-5.
[38]Rahimi Ahmad Abadi S, Aghamohammadian H, Modares M, Hossein Karashki H. Survey the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anger reduction in brain injured patients. Sci J Forensic Med. 2014;20(2):37-45. [Persian]
[39]Hayes SC, Pistorello J, Levin ME. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a unified model of behavior change. Couns Psychol. 2012;40(7):976-1002.
[40]Paterniti A. A pilot study comparing the efficacy of a mindfulness-based program to a skills-training program in the treatment of test anxiety. New York: Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center; 2007.
[41]Farb NA, Segal ZV, Mayberg H, Bean J, McKeon D, Fatima Z, et al. Attention to the present: Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007;2(4):313-22.