@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(3):169-174
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(3):169-174
Effect of Breast Milk Odor on Physiological and Behavioral Pain Responses Caused by Hepatitis B Vaccine in Full-term Infants
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Sajjadi M. (1)Basirimoghadam M. (2)
Amiri Shadmehri E. (* )
(* ) “Student Research Committee” and “Pediatrics Nursing Department", Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(1) “Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center” and “Medical-Surgical Nursing Department", Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(2) “Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center” and “Pediatrics Nursing Department", "Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Near the Asian Road, Gonabad, IranPhone: +98 (51) 57225813
Fax: +98 (51) 57225813
amiri602013@gmail.com
Article History
Received: May 30, 2016Accepted: December 20, 2016
ePublished: July 22, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Uncontrolled pain in human infants can lead to permanent damages, so it is important to manage pain for infants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breast milk smell on physiological and behavioral responses of the hepatitis B vaccine pain in newborns.
Materials & Methods In this two-group randomized controlled clinical trial that was performed in 2015, in 9th of Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh City, Iran, 60 three-day term healthy infants at an age that were supposed to receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine were selected by random sampling method and were assigned to 2 test (the breast milk smell) and control groups. In the experimental group, the infants were exposed to the breast milk smell during the vaccination and the control group received no intervention. Data was collected by the checklist of demographic information, registration form of physiological responses and behavioral pain tools (MBPS). Physiological data (heart rate and oxygen saturation) was recorded immediately before and after the intervention by pulse oximeter. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software using independent and paired T tests.
Findings There were no significant differences between the control and the test groups in terms of heart rate mean and oxygen saturation mean before the intervention (p>0.05), but significant differences were observed between them after the intervention (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the average of behavioral responses after the intervention (p<0.05).
Conclusion Olfactory stimulation with breast milk has a positive effect on reducing the neonatal pain during hepatitis B vaccination.
Materials & Methods In this two-group randomized controlled clinical trial that was performed in 2015, in 9th of Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh City, Iran, 60 three-day term healthy infants at an age that were supposed to receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine were selected by random sampling method and were assigned to 2 test (the breast milk smell) and control groups. In the experimental group, the infants were exposed to the breast milk smell during the vaccination and the control group received no intervention. Data was collected by the checklist of demographic information, registration form of physiological responses and behavioral pain tools (MBPS). Physiological data (heart rate and oxygen saturation) was recorded immediately before and after the intervention by pulse oximeter. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software using independent and paired T tests.
Findings There were no significant differences between the control and the test groups in terms of heart rate mean and oxygen saturation mean before the intervention (p>0.05), but significant differences were observed between them after the intervention (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the average of behavioral responses after the intervention (p<0.05).
Conclusion Olfactory stimulation with breast milk has a positive effect on reducing the neonatal pain during hepatitis B vaccination.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Kharasch S, Saxe G, Zuckerman B. Pain treatment: Opportunities and challenges. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(11):1054-6.
[3]Im H, Kim E, Park E, Sung K, Oh W. Pain reduction of heel stick in neonates: Yakson compared to non-nutritive sucking. J Trop Pediatr. 2008;54(1):31-5.
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[7]Jain S, Kumar P, Mcmillan D. Prior leg massage decreases pain responses to heel stick in preterm babies. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(9):505-8.
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[9]Badiee Z, Asghari M, Mohammadizadeh M. The calming effect of breast milk odor on preterm infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2013;54(5):322-5.
[10]Mirzarahimi M, Mehrnoosh N, Shahizadeh S, Samadi N, Amani F. Effect of non-nutritive sucking and leg massage on physiological and behavioral indicators of pain following heel blood sampling in term neonates. Int J Adv Nurs Stud. 2013;2(2):74-9.
[11]Bellieni CV, Bagnoli F, Perrone S, Nenci A, Cordelli DM, Fusi M, et al. Effect of multisensory stimulation on analgesia in term neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res. 2002;51(4):460-3.
[12]Khoddam H, Ziyaee T, Hossaini A. Effect of skin to skin contact between mother and neonate in pain of neonate. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2002;4(9):11-8. [Persian]
[13]Potter B, Rindfleisch K. Breastfeeding reduces pain in neonates. J Fam Pract. 2003;52(5):349, 352.
[14]Golchin M, Sheikhan Soudani E, Bahrami P, Shams Soulari Z. The effect of combined use of nonnutritive sucking and sucrose on cardio-respiratory indices and pain behavior during blood drawing-phelebotomy procedures in preterm infants in intensive care unit. J Anesthesiol Pain. 2016;6(4):41-54. [Persian]
[15]Sadat Hossaini A, Negarande R, Mehran A, Movahedi Z. The effect of olfactory stimuli familiar on pain responses following venipuncture in newborns. J Hamedan Univ Med Sci. 2011;18(1):10-9. [Persian]
[16]Goubet N, Strasbaugh K, Chesney J. Familiarity breeds content? soothing effect of a familiar odor on full term newborn. J Dev Behav pediatr. 2007;28(3):189-94.
[17]Nishitani S, Miyamura T, Tagawa M, Sumi M, Takase R, Doi H, et al. The calming effect of a maternal breast milk odor on the human newborn infant. Neurosci Res. 2009;63(1):66-71.
[18]Rattz C, Goubet N, Bullinger A. The calming effect of familiar odor on full-term newborn. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26(2):86-92.
[19]Wimberg J, Porter RH. Olfaction and human neonatal behaviour: Clinical implications. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87(1):6-10.
[20]Schaal B, Montagner H, Heartling E, Bolzoni D, Moyse A, Quichon R. Olfactory stimulation in the relationship between child and mother. Reprod Nutr Dev. 1980;20(3B):843-58. [French]
[21]Raimbault C, Saliba E, Porter RH. The effect of the odor of mother, s milk on breast feeding behavior of premature neonates. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96(3):368-71.
[22]Shamsi A, Movahedi Z, Pouraboli B, Iranmanesh S. The effect of olfactory stimulation with breast milk smell on the duration of feeding transitional time from gavage to oral feeding and hospital stay in premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. Med Surg Nurs J. 2014;3(1):17-23. [Persian]
[23]Bingham PM, Abassi S, Sivieri E. A pilot study of milk odor on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(1):72-5.
[24]Aoyama S1, Toshima T, Saito Y, Konishi N, Motoshige K, Ishikawa N, et al. Maternal breast milk odour induces frontal lobe activation in neonates: a NIRS study. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(9):541-5.
[25]Taavoni S, Shah Ali SH, Haghani H, Neisani Samani L. Comparison the effect of breast feeding with routhin clinical procedure on pain relieving during immunization injection. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2008;11(4):33-40. [Persian]
[26]Varendi H, CHristensson K, Porter RH, Winberg J. Soothing effect of amniotic fluid smell in newborn infants. Early Hum Dev. 1998;51(1):47-55.
[27]Karbandi S, Dehghanian N, Pourarian SH, Salari M. The effect of breast milk odor on concentration percentage of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in premature infants. Evid Based Care J. 2015;5(14):25-33.
[2]Kharasch S, Saxe G, Zuckerman B. Pain treatment: Opportunities and challenges. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(11):1054-6.
[3]Im H, Kim E, Park E, Sung K, Oh W. Pain reduction of heel stick in neonates: Yakson compared to non-nutritive sucking. J Trop Pediatr. 2008;54(1):31-5.
[4]Azari M, Dargahi R, Moradi A. The effect of breastfeeding and skin to skin contact of mothers and infants on first injection pain of newborn infants. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2011;2(4):44-9. [Persian]
[5]Moradi F, Imani A, Keyghobdi S, Nazari H, Ghorbani R, Keyghobadi T. Effects of intra-oral intake of different concentrations of sucrose on biobehavioral pain response to immunizations in infants. Koomesh. 2012;13(4): 414-9. [Persian]
[6]Maroufi M, Nikoubakht F, Alimohamadi N, Badiei Z. Comparison of mother’s milk and melody on severity heel stick pain in neonates admitted in NICU. J Anesthesiol Pain. 2015;5(3):45-54. [Persian]
[7]Jain S, Kumar P, Mcmillan D. Prior leg massage decreases pain responses to heel stick in preterm babies. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(9):505-8.
[8]Eriksson M, Storm H, Fremming A, Schollin J. Skin conductance compared to a combined behavioral and physiological pain measure in newborn infant. Acta Pediatr. 2008;97(1):27-30.
[9]Badiee Z, Asghari M, Mohammadizadeh M. The calming effect of breast milk odor on preterm infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2013;54(5):322-5.
[10]Mirzarahimi M, Mehrnoosh N, Shahizadeh S, Samadi N, Amani F. Effect of non-nutritive sucking and leg massage on physiological and behavioral indicators of pain following heel blood sampling in term neonates. Int J Adv Nurs Stud. 2013;2(2):74-9.
[11]Bellieni CV, Bagnoli F, Perrone S, Nenci A, Cordelli DM, Fusi M, et al. Effect of multisensory stimulation on analgesia in term neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res. 2002;51(4):460-3.
[12]Khoddam H, Ziyaee T, Hossaini A. Effect of skin to skin contact between mother and neonate in pain of neonate. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2002;4(9):11-8. [Persian]
[13]Potter B, Rindfleisch K. Breastfeeding reduces pain in neonates. J Fam Pract. 2003;52(5):349, 352.
[14]Golchin M, Sheikhan Soudani E, Bahrami P, Shams Soulari Z. The effect of combined use of nonnutritive sucking and sucrose on cardio-respiratory indices and pain behavior during blood drawing-phelebotomy procedures in preterm infants in intensive care unit. J Anesthesiol Pain. 2016;6(4):41-54. [Persian]
[15]Sadat Hossaini A, Negarande R, Mehran A, Movahedi Z. The effect of olfactory stimuli familiar on pain responses following venipuncture in newborns. J Hamedan Univ Med Sci. 2011;18(1):10-9. [Persian]
[16]Goubet N, Strasbaugh K, Chesney J. Familiarity breeds content? soothing effect of a familiar odor on full term newborn. J Dev Behav pediatr. 2007;28(3):189-94.
[17]Nishitani S, Miyamura T, Tagawa M, Sumi M, Takase R, Doi H, et al. The calming effect of a maternal breast milk odor on the human newborn infant. Neurosci Res. 2009;63(1):66-71.
[18]Rattz C, Goubet N, Bullinger A. The calming effect of familiar odor on full-term newborn. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26(2):86-92.
[19]Wimberg J, Porter RH. Olfaction and human neonatal behaviour: Clinical implications. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87(1):6-10.
[20]Schaal B, Montagner H, Heartling E, Bolzoni D, Moyse A, Quichon R. Olfactory stimulation in the relationship between child and mother. Reprod Nutr Dev. 1980;20(3B):843-58. [French]
[21]Raimbault C, Saliba E, Porter RH. The effect of the odor of mother, s milk on breast feeding behavior of premature neonates. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96(3):368-71.
[22]Shamsi A, Movahedi Z, Pouraboli B, Iranmanesh S. The effect of olfactory stimulation with breast milk smell on the duration of feeding transitional time from gavage to oral feeding and hospital stay in premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. Med Surg Nurs J. 2014;3(1):17-23. [Persian]
[23]Bingham PM, Abassi S, Sivieri E. A pilot study of milk odor on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(1):72-5.
[24]Aoyama S1, Toshima T, Saito Y, Konishi N, Motoshige K, Ishikawa N, et al. Maternal breast milk odour induces frontal lobe activation in neonates: a NIRS study. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(9):541-5.
[25]Taavoni S, Shah Ali SH, Haghani H, Neisani Samani L. Comparison the effect of breast feeding with routhin clinical procedure on pain relieving during immunization injection. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2008;11(4):33-40. [Persian]
[26]Varendi H, CHristensson K, Porter RH, Winberg J. Soothing effect of amniotic fluid smell in newborn infants. Early Hum Dev. 1998;51(1):47-55.
[27]Karbandi S, Dehghanian N, Pourarian SH, Salari M. The effect of breast milk odor on concentration percentage of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in premature infants. Evid Based Care J. 2015;5(14):25-33.