@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):177-183
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(3):177-183
Effect of 6 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training with Cinnamon Supplementation on Serum Apelin Concentration and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Boys
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Kazemi A. (*)Rahmati M. (1)
Akhondi M. (2)
(*) Physical Education Department, Literature & Humanities Faculty, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
(1) Physical Education Department, Literature & Humanities Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
(2) Physical Education Department, Literature & Humanities Faculty, Kerman University, Kerman, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Physical Education Department, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomayni Square, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran. Post Box: 518Phone: +983431312102
Fax: +983431312102
a.kazemi@vru.ac.ir
Article History
Received: August 6, 2015Accepted: May 11, 2016
ePublished: June 30, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Playing an important role in regulating glucose hemostasis, apelin might empower the correlation between any increase in the adipose tissue mass and obesity and the correlated metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-week intensive periodic massive exercises with cinnamon supplementation on the apelin serum concentration and insulin resistance in the overweight boys.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 40 male overweight students were studied in Zahedan in 2014. The samples, randomly selected, were divided into four groups including exercise, exercise and supplementation, supplementation, and control. 6-week intensive periodic massive exercises were done in the exercise groups. In addition, three 380mg-cinnamon capsules were administrated in the supplementation groups. Blood sampling was done from the subjects 48 hours before and after the exercise program. Apelin, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using one-way and two-way ANOVA tests and covariance analysis.
Findings There were significant differences between “exercise” and “exercise and supplementation” groups and “control” group in apelin and insulin resistance levels after the exercise program (p=0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference between “cinnamon supplementation” and “control” groups in insulin resistance (p=0.001).There were significant differences between the exercise groups and supplementation group in apelin (p=0.0001) and insulin resistance (p=0.003) levels.
Conclusion The serum apelin level and the insulin resistance index in the overweight boys are reduced by 6-week intense periodic massive exercises. In addition, the cinnamon supplementation only reduces the insulin resistance index.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 40 male overweight students were studied in Zahedan in 2014. The samples, randomly selected, were divided into four groups including exercise, exercise and supplementation, supplementation, and control. 6-week intensive periodic massive exercises were done in the exercise groups. In addition, three 380mg-cinnamon capsules were administrated in the supplementation groups. Blood sampling was done from the subjects 48 hours before and after the exercise program. Apelin, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using one-way and two-way ANOVA tests and covariance analysis.
Findings There were significant differences between “exercise” and “exercise and supplementation” groups and “control” group in apelin and insulin resistance levels after the exercise program (p=0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference between “cinnamon supplementation” and “control” groups in insulin resistance (p=0.001).There were significant differences between the exercise groups and supplementation group in apelin (p=0.0001) and insulin resistance (p=0.003) levels.
Conclusion The serum apelin level and the insulin resistance index in the overweight boys are reduced by 6-week intense periodic massive exercises. In addition, the cinnamon supplementation only reduces the insulin resistance index.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Aminilari Z, Daryanoosh F, Koshkie Jahromi M, Mohammadi M. The effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on the apelin, omentin and glucose in obese older women with diabetes type 2. Arak Med Univ J. 2014;17(4):1-10. [Persian]
[2]Otero M, Lago Ro, Lago F, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C, Gómez-Reino JJ, et al. Leptin, from fat to inflammation: Old questions and new insights. FEBS Letters. 2005;579(2):295-301.
[3]Hoffstedt J, Arvidsson E, Sjölin E, Wåhlén K, Arner P. adipose tissue adiponectin production and adiponectin serum concentration in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(3):1391-6.
[4]Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):947-53.
[5]Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):941-6.
[6]Mohebbi H, Saeidi Ziabari T, Hedayati Emami MH. Changes in plasma apelin level and insulin resistance index after an aerobic exercise training in overweight healthy women. Metab Exerc. 2013;3(1):11-20. [Persian]
[7]Heinonen MV, Purhonen AK, Miettinen P, Paakkonen M, Pirinen E, Alhava E, et al. Apelin, orexin-A and leptin plasma levels in morbid obesity and effect of gastric banding. Regul Pept. 2005;130(1-2):7-13.
[8]Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, et al. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006;114(10):544-8.
[9]Yue P, Jin H, Aillaud M, Deng AC, Azuma J, Asagami T, et al. Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298(1):E59-67.
[10]Rashidlamir A, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimiatri A, Dastani M. The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):605-14. [Persian]
[11]Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(1):153-6.
[12]American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p.p. 113-5.
[13]Gurd BJ, Perry CG, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL, Bonen A. High-intensity interval training increases SIRT1 activity in human skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(3):350-7.
[14]Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-9.
[15]Sheibani S, Hanachi P, Refahiat MA. Effect of aerobic exercise on serum concentration of apelin, TNFalpha and insulin in obese women. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012;15(6):1196-201.
[16]Mohebi H, Rahmaninia F, Hedayati Emami MH, Saeidi Ziyabari T. The effect of 8 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise on plasma Apelin level and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Sport Physiol. 2014;5(20):115-28. [Persian]
[17]Okura T, Nakata Y, Lee DJ, Ohkawara K, Tanaka K. Effects of aerobic exercise and obesity phenotype on abdominal fat reduction in response to weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(10):1259-66.
[18]Zhang J, Ren CX, Qi YF, Lou LX, Chen L, Zhang LK, et al. Exercise training promotes expression of apelin and APJ of cardiovascular tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 2006;79(12):1153-9.
[19]Besse-Patin A, Montastier E, Vinel C, Castan-Laurell I, Louche K, Dray C, et al. Effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle myokine expression in obese men: identification of apelin as a novel myokine. Int J Obes. 2013;38(5):707-13.
[20]Castan-Laurell I, Vitkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kovacikova M, Kovacova Z, et al. Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;158(6):905-10.
[21]Foldes G, Horkay F, Szokodi I, Vuolteenaho O, Ilves M, Lindstedt KA, et al. Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin, the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, in patients with heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308(3):480-5.
[22]Castan-Laurell I, Vítkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kováciková M, Kovacova Z, et al. Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;158(6):905-10.
[23]Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J, Kungl AM, Kuk JL, Wong SL, et al. Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res. 2004;12(5):789-98.
[24]Krist J, Wieder K, Kloting N, Oberbach A, Kralisch S, Wiesner T, et al. Effects of weight loss and exercise on apelin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity. Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):57-69.
[25]Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3215-8.
[2]Otero M, Lago Ro, Lago F, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C, Gómez-Reino JJ, et al. Leptin, from fat to inflammation: Old questions and new insights. FEBS Letters. 2005;579(2):295-301.
[3]Hoffstedt J, Arvidsson E, Sjölin E, Wåhlén K, Arner P. adipose tissue adiponectin production and adiponectin serum concentration in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(3):1391-6.
[4]Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):947-53.
[5]Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):941-6.
[6]Mohebbi H, Saeidi Ziabari T, Hedayati Emami MH. Changes in plasma apelin level and insulin resistance index after an aerobic exercise training in overweight healthy women. Metab Exerc. 2013;3(1):11-20. [Persian]
[7]Heinonen MV, Purhonen AK, Miettinen P, Paakkonen M, Pirinen E, Alhava E, et al. Apelin, orexin-A and leptin plasma levels in morbid obesity and effect of gastric banding. Regul Pept. 2005;130(1-2):7-13.
[8]Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, et al. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006;114(10):544-8.
[9]Yue P, Jin H, Aillaud M, Deng AC, Azuma J, Asagami T, et al. Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298(1):E59-67.
[10]Rashidlamir A, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimiatri A, Dastani M. The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):605-14. [Persian]
[11]Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(1):153-6.
[12]American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p.p. 113-5.
[13]Gurd BJ, Perry CG, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL, Bonen A. High-intensity interval training increases SIRT1 activity in human skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(3):350-7.
[14]Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-9.
[15]Sheibani S, Hanachi P, Refahiat MA. Effect of aerobic exercise on serum concentration of apelin, TNFalpha and insulin in obese women. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012;15(6):1196-201.
[16]Mohebi H, Rahmaninia F, Hedayati Emami MH, Saeidi Ziyabari T. The effect of 8 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise on plasma Apelin level and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Sport Physiol. 2014;5(20):115-28. [Persian]
[17]Okura T, Nakata Y, Lee DJ, Ohkawara K, Tanaka K. Effects of aerobic exercise and obesity phenotype on abdominal fat reduction in response to weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(10):1259-66.
[18]Zhang J, Ren CX, Qi YF, Lou LX, Chen L, Zhang LK, et al. Exercise training promotes expression of apelin and APJ of cardiovascular tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 2006;79(12):1153-9.
[19]Besse-Patin A, Montastier E, Vinel C, Castan-Laurell I, Louche K, Dray C, et al. Effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle myokine expression in obese men: identification of apelin as a novel myokine. Int J Obes. 2013;38(5):707-13.
[20]Castan-Laurell I, Vitkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kovacikova M, Kovacova Z, et al. Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;158(6):905-10.
[21]Foldes G, Horkay F, Szokodi I, Vuolteenaho O, Ilves M, Lindstedt KA, et al. Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin, the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, in patients with heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308(3):480-5.
[22]Castan-Laurell I, Vítkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kováciková M, Kovacova Z, et al. Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;158(6):905-10.
[23]Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J, Kungl AM, Kuk JL, Wong SL, et al. Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res. 2004;12(5):789-98.
[24]Krist J, Wieder K, Kloting N, Oberbach A, Kralisch S, Wiesner T, et al. Effects of weight loss and exercise on apelin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity. Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):57-69.
[25]Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3215-8.