@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(2):63-67
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(2):63-67
Personality Disorders Role in Explanation of Executive Functions Deficiency in Offenders
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Akbari A. (1)Ghanbari Hashemabadi B. (*)
Asghari Ebrahimabad M. (1)
Azadeganmehr M. (1)
(*) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, IranPhone: +98 (51) 38426003
Fax: +98 (51) 38426003
ghanbarih@um.ac.i
Article History
Received: September 21, 2017Accepted: January 29, 2018
ePublished: April 25, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of personality disorders in explanation of executive functions deficiency in offenders.
Materials & Methods This descriptive-correlation study was performed in all male prisoners of Mashhad, Iran, Central Prison Advisory Units in 2017. Using a random sampling method, a unit of 100 individuals was selected among youth counseling units. In order to collect data, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale were used. Correlation analysis and power evaluation of personality disorders in explanation of executive functions deficiency were done using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression tests, respectively. All calculations were performed as SPSS 21 software.
Findings The total score of executive functions deficiency was 182.98±45.83, which was the highest score for depressed personality with mean 72.92±80.8. The dependent personality disorder in first (r=0.55; r=0.55) and after that the obsessive-personality disorder (r=0.52; r=0.52) were in the highest correlation with total score of executive functions deficiency. According to the experimental results, obsessive compulsive, affective and schizotypal personality disorders with predictive coefficients of -0.34, 0.30 and 0.24, had the highest ability to explain the failure of executive actions.
Conclusion Some of the personality disorders can have an effective role in executive functions deficiency.
Materials & Methods This descriptive-correlation study was performed in all male prisoners of Mashhad, Iran, Central Prison Advisory Units in 2017. Using a random sampling method, a unit of 100 individuals was selected among youth counseling units. In order to collect data, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale were used. Correlation analysis and power evaluation of personality disorders in explanation of executive functions deficiency were done using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression tests, respectively. All calculations were performed as SPSS 21 software.
Findings The total score of executive functions deficiency was 182.98±45.83, which was the highest score for depressed personality with mean 72.92±80.8. The dependent personality disorder in first (r=0.55; r=0.55) and after that the obsessive-personality disorder (r=0.52; r=0.52) were in the highest correlation with total score of executive functions deficiency. According to the experimental results, obsessive compulsive, affective and schizotypal personality disorders with predictive coefficients of -0.34, 0.30 and 0.24, had the highest ability to explain the failure of executive actions.
Conclusion Some of the personality disorders can have an effective role in executive functions deficiency.
CITATION LINKS
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[28]Hancock M, Tapscott JL, Hoaken PN. Role of executive dysfunction in predicting frequency and severity of violence. Aggress Behav. 2010;36(5):338-49.
[29]Antikchi E, Bigdeli, E, Sabahi P. Comparison of psychological nerve indices associated with executive functions in people with antisocial, obsessive-compulsive and normal personality. Adv Cogn Sci. 2017;19(1):48-61. [Persian]
[2]Arasteh M, Sharifi SB. Prevalence of psychiatry disorders among prisoners of Sanandaj central jail, western part of Iran. J Fundam Ment Health. 2009;10(4):311-6. [Persian]
[3]Mazaheri M, Khalighi N, Raghibi M, Sarabandi H. Prevalence of personality disorders among female prisoners of Zahedan prison. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2011;13(3):46-9. [Persian]
[4]Coid J, Moran P, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Farrell M, et al. The co‐morbidity of personality disorder and clinical syndromes in prisoners. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2009;19(5):321-33.
[5]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
[6]Craissati J, Minoudis P, Shaw J, Chuan SJ, Simons S, Joseph N. Working with personality disordered offenders: a practitioners guide. London: Ministry of Justice publications; 2011.
[7]Black DW, Gunter T, Loveless P, Allen J, Sieleni B. Antisocial personality disorder in incarcerated offenders: psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2010;22(2):113-20.
[8]Black DW, Gunter T, Allen J, Blum N, Arndt S, Wenman G, et al. Borderline personality disorder in male and female offenders newly committed to prison. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48(5):400-5.
[9]Friedman NP, Miyake A. Unity and diversity of executive functions: individual differences as a window on cognitive structure. Cortex. 2017;86:186-204.
[10]Buckholtz JW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Psychopathology and the human connectome: toward a transdiagnostic model of risk for mental illness. Neuron. 2012;74(6):990-1004.
[11]Jurado MB, Rosselli M. The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007;17(3):213-33.
[12]Rafienia P, Zahmatbar S, Rahimian I, Asadi E, Kazemi Haghighi N. The comparison of executive function in prisoners with antisocial personality disorder and normal individuals. Clin Psychol. 2013;5(2):45-55. [Persian]
[13]Barker ED, Séguin JR, White HR, Bates ME, Lacourse E, Carbonneau R, et al. Developmental trajectories of male physical violence and theft: relations to neurocognitive performance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):592-9.
[14]Fertuck EA, Lenzenweger MF, Clarkin JF, Hoermann S, Stanley B. Executive neurocognition, memory systems, and borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(3):346-75.
[15]Garcia-Villamisar D, Dattilo J, Garcia-Martinez M. Executive functioning in people with personality disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30(1):36-44.
[16]Ruocco AC. The neuropsychology of borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis and review. Psychiatry Res. 2005;137(3):191-202.
[17]Gvirts HZ, Harari H, Braw Y, Shefet D, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Levkovitz Y. Executive functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and their relatives. J Affect Disord. 2012;143(1):261-4.
[18]Hagenhoff M, Franzen N, Koppe G, Baer N, Scheibel N, Sammer G, et al. Executive functions in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(1):224-31.
[19]Chamberlain SR, Fineberg NA, Blackwell AD, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Motor inhibition and cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(7):1282-4.
[20]Fineberg NA, Day GA, De Koenigswarter N, Reghunandanan S, Kolli S, Jefferies-Sewell K, et al. The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a new analysis. CNS Spectr. 2015;20(5):490-9.
[21]García-Villamisar D, Dattilo J. Executive functioning in people with obsessive-compulsive personality traits: evidence of modest impairment. J Personal Disord. 2015;29(3):418-30.
[22]Zeier JD, Baskin-Sommers AR, Hiatt Racer KD, Newman JP. Cognitive control deficits associated with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. Personal Disord: Theory, Res, Treat. 2012;3(3):283-93.
[23]Bagshaw R, Gray NS, Snowden RJ. Executive function in psychopathy: the tower of London, Brixton spatial anticipation and the Hayling sentence completion tests. Psychiatry Res. 2014;220(1):483-9.
[24]Brunell AB, Buelow MT. Narcissism and performance on behavioral decision‐making tasks. J Behav Decis Mak. 2017;30(1):3-14.
[25]Seyyed Mahdavi Aghdam MR, Aliloo MM, Rezaee O. Relationship between different types of childhood abuse and cluster b personality disorders. Urmia Med J. 2013;24(3):210-8. [Persian]
[26]Mashhadi A, Mirdoraghi F, Hosainzadeh-Maleki Z, Hasani J, Hamzeloo M. Factor structure, reliability and validity of Persian version of Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale(BDEFS)- adult version. Clin Psychol. 2015;7(1):51-62. [Persian]
[27]Ogilvie JM, Stewart AL, Chan RC, Shum DH. Neuropsychological measures of executive function and antisocial behavior: a meta‐analysis. Criminology. 2011;49(4):1063-107.
[28]Hancock M, Tapscott JL, Hoaken PN. Role of executive dysfunction in predicting frequency and severity of violence. Aggress Behav. 2010;36(5):338-49.
[29]Antikchi E, Bigdeli, E, Sabahi P. Comparison of psychological nerve indices associated with executive functions in people with antisocial, obsessive-compulsive and normal personality. Adv Cogn Sci. 2017;19(1):48-61. [Persian]